STUDY CENTRE

CHAPTER - 03
TRIANGLES

 Triangle - A closed figure formed by three intersecting lines is called a triangle. A triangle has three
sides, three angles and three vertices.
 Congruent figures - Congruent means equal in all respects or figures whose shapes and sizes are
both the same for example, two circles of the same radii are congruent. Also two squares of the same
sides are congruent.
 Congruent triangles - two triangles are congruent if and only if one of them can be made to superpose
on the other , so as to cover it exactly.
 If two triangles ABC and PQR are congruent under the correspondence A  P, B  Q and C  R
then symbolically, it is expressed as  ABC   PQR

 In congruent triangles corresponding pairs are equal and we write 'CPCT' for corresponding parts of
congruent triangles.
 SAS congruency rule - Two triangles are congruent if two sides and the included angle of one triangle
are equal to the two sides and the included angle of the other triangle. For example  ABC and
 PQR as shown in the figure satisfy SAS congruent criterion.

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 ASA Congruence Rule - Two triangles are congruent if two angles and the included side of one triangle
are equal to two angles and the included side of other triangle. For examples  ABC and  DEF
below satisfy ASA congruence criterion.

 AAS Congruence Rule - Two triangle are congruent if any two pairs of angles and one pair of
corresponding sides are equal for example  ABC and  DEF shown below satisfy AAS congruence
criterion.

 AAS criterion for congruence of triangles is a particular case of ASA criterion.

 Isosceles Triangle - A triangle in which two sides are equal is called an isosceles triangle. for example
 ABC shown below is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC

 Angle opposite to equal sides of a triangle are equal.

 Sides opposite to equal angles of a triangle are equal.
 Each angle of an equilateral triangle is 600.

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 SSS congruence Rule - If three sides of one triangle are equal to the three sides of another triangle
then the two triangles are congruent for example  ABC and  DEF as shown in the figure satisfy
SSS congruence criterion.

 RHS Congruence Rule - If in two right triangles the hypotenuse and one side of one triangle are equal
to the hypotenuse and one side of the other triangle then the two triangle are congruent. For Example
 ABC and  PQR shown below satisfy RHS congruence criterion.

RHS stands for right angle - Hypotenuse side.

 A point equidistant from two given points lies on the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining
the two points and its converse.

 A point equidistant from two intersecting lines lies on the bisectors of the angles formed by the two
lines.

 In a triangle, angle opposite to the longer side in large (greater)

 In a triangle, side opposite to the large (greater) angle is longer.

 Sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the third side.

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QUESTIONS
1. In given figure, the measure of BAC is

A) 600 B) 500 C) 700 D) 800

2. In figure if AE DC and AB = AC, find the value of ABD .

A) 1300 B) 1100 C) 1200 D) 700

3. In figure AB  BE and EF  BE. If BC = DE and AB = EF, then ABD is congruent to

A) EFC B) ECF C) DEF D) FEC

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4. Two sides of a triangle are of lengths 5 cm and 1.5 cm. The length of the third side of the triangle
cannot be

A) 3.6 cm B) 4.1 cm C) 3.8 cm D) 3.4 cm

5. If ABC  PQR and ABC is not congruent to RPQ, then which of the following is not true :

A) BC = PQ B) AC = PR

C) AB = PQ D) QR = BC

6. In triangles ABC and PQR three equality relations between some parts are as follows :

AB = QP, B  P and BC  PR

state which of the congruence conditions applies :

A) SAS B) ASA C) SSS D) RHS

7. In triangles ABC and PQR, if A  R, B  P and AB = RP, then which one of the following
congruence conditions applies :

A) SAS B) ASA

C) SSS D) RHS

8. If PQR  EFD , then ED =

A) PQ B) QR

C) PR D) None of these

9. If PQR  EFD , then E 

A) P B) Q C) R D) None of these

10. In a ABC, if AB = AC and BC is produced to D such that ACD  100 0 , then A 

A) 200 B) 400 C) 600 D) 800

11. In an isosceles triangle, if the vertex angle is twice the sum of the base angles, then the measure of
vertex angle of the triangle is

A) 1000 B) 1200 C) 1100 D) 1300

12. D, E, F are the mid-point of the sides BC, CA and AB respectively of ABC. Then DEF is congruent
to triangle

A) ABC B) AEF

C) BFD, CDE D) AEF, FBD, CDE

13. Which of the following is not a criterion for congruence of triangles ?

A) SAS B) SSA

C) ASA D) SSS

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14. In Fig., the measure of B ' A ' C ' is

A) 500 B) 600 C) 700 D) 800

15. In Fig., ABC is an isosceles triangle whose side AC is produced to E. Through C. CD is drawn parallel
to BA. The value of x is
A) 520 B) 760 C) 1560 D) 1040

16. If ABC and DEF are two triangles such that ABC  FDE and AB = 5 cm, B  400 and A  800 .
Then, which of the following is true ?
A) DF = 5 cm, F  600 B) DE = 5 cm, E  60 0
C) DF = 5 cm, E  60 0 D) DE = 5 cm, D  400
17. If ABC  LKM, then side of LKM equal to side AC of ABC is
A) LK B) KM
C) LM D) None of these

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18. In Fig., if AC is bisector of BAD such that AB = 3 cm and AC = 5 cm, then CD =

A) 2 cm B) 3 cm C) 4 cm D) 5 cm

19. For two triangles, if two angles and the included side of one triangle are equal to two angles and the
included side of another triangle. Then the congruency rule is :
A) SSS B) ASA C) SAS D) None of these
20. A triangle in which two sides are equal is called :
A) Scalene triangle B) Equilateral triangle
C) Isosceles triangle D) None of the above
21. If AD is an altitude of an isosceles triangle ABC in which AB = AC. Then :
A) BD = CD B) BD > CD C) BD < CD D) None of these
22. In a right triangle, the longest side is :
A) Perpendicular B) Hypotenuse
C) Base D) None of the above

23. In the given figure, PS is the median then QPS ?

A) 400 B) 500 C) 800 D) 900

0
24. In triangle PQR if Q  90 , then :
A) PQ is the longest side B) QR is the longest side
C) PR is the longest side D) None of these

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25. In the given figure, if the exterior angle is 1350 then P is :

A) 450 B) 600 C) 800 D) 900

26. If in PQR, PQ  PR then :
A) P  R B) P  Q C) Q  R D) None of these
27. In a triangle ABC, B  35 0 and C  60 0 , then
A) A  80 0 B) A  850 C) A  120 0 D) A  145 0
28. If ABC  ACB , then ABC is isosceles with
A) AB = AC B) AB = BC
C) AC = BC D) None of these
29. Which of the following statement is correct ?
A) The difference of any two sides is greater than the third side
B) A triangle can have two obtuse angles
C) A triangle can have an obtuse angle and a right angle
D) None
30. If a, b and c are the sides of a triangle, then
A) a - b > c B) c > a + b
C) c = a + b D) b < c + a

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