Understanding Sleep Patterns and Circadian Rhythms
Understanding Sleep Patterns and Circadian Rhythms
The truth is there’s a lot of space between (4) …………, and most people fall somewhere in the middle. These
behaviors are determined by our circadian system— which is (5) …………… by a pair of nerve cell
clusters located in the anterior hypothalamus. These nerve cells respond to light exposure coming in through your
eyes to track the day-night cycle that dictates your body’s (6) ………………, or circadian rhythm. That steady
rhythm helps determine the body’s flow of hormones, with the broader circadian system acting like (7)
……………… that keeps your organs functioning in time with one another. And a major part of that performance
is managing the body’s transitions between being awake and being asleep.
Now, (8) ……………… can't just decide its bedtime and knock you out. However, by tracking how much light
you typically get and when in your waking hours you usually get it, the system can make predictions about when
you’re likely to need sleep and prepare your body accordingly. For example, if you (9) ……………… go to
sleep around 10 pm, your circadian system will start producing sleep-inducing melatonin around two hours before
then to tell your body it’s time for bed.
So if this rhythm is molded by (10) ………………, can we change it just by sticking to a strict schedule? To a
degree. Everyone’s bodies are unique, so even two people with the same sleep schedule might have different
experiences based on their circadian system’s hormonal quirks. For example, where early birds generally flood
with cortisol just before waking up, night owls often have their cortisol peak roughly 30 minutes after getting
up. Hormonal differences like these determine how you experience your (11) …………. And while these factors
can shift with age, you’re unlikely to grow out of your body’s preferred sleep schedule.
That said, you can cultivate habits to help or hinder your circadian rhythm. Keeping consistent sleeping hours helps
your body accurately predict when to send out hormones, making it easier to stick to your schedule. Conversely,
research in sleep deprived college students has found their (12) ……………… sleeping habits weaken their
entire circadian system. Compromised circadian rhythms are less effective at coordinating organ functioning and
can incur health risks like metabolic disorders and (13) ………………. But perhaps just as important as sleep
hygiene is light hygiene. Getting sufficient contrast between bright daylight and dimmer nighttime light is essential
for synchronizing your circadian rhythm, and nothing establishes this contrast better than sunlight. Even on (14)
…………… days, sunlight is much brighter than standard indoor lighting. So if you're typically awake during the
day, try getting outside as soon as possible to teach your body when to be active and alert.
It’s difficult to maintain a sleep schedule that pushes against your body’s preferences. And even if you succeed for
months, it only takes (15) ……………… to send your circadian system back to baseline. But whether you’re an
early bird, night owl, or somewhere in between, it’s important to remember that as long as you’re
consistent, there’s no wrong time to wake up or go to sleep. What matters most is getting enough rest for the day
ahead.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10. 11. 12.
Tiếng Anh THPT – Khối 11 1
13. 14. 15.
Part 2. For questions 16-20, listen to an explanation about 5G and decide these 15. statements are TRUE (T) or
FALSE (F). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
16. 5G is a defined network which can replace cables completely by operating on the cloud only.
17. With the help of 5G, the Internet of Things is likely to grow threefold by 2025.
18. Until 2025, the majority of people will start to use 5G, which will have surpassed 3G and 4G by then.
19. In the UK, 3G and 4G networks were quite cheap because they could be operated on the country’s radio
spectrum.
20. It is predicted that by 2025 almost a quarter of all mobile connections in the U.S.
Your answers:
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Part 3:
You will hear part of a radio interview in which Harry and Jennifer, two members of an after-work adult
drama class, are asked about their reasons for attending the class. For questions 15-20, choose the answer
(А, В, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear.
15 How does Jennifer feel about working with strangers in the class?
A resigned to the need for it B doubtful about the value of it
C relaxed in her attitude towards it D excited at the thought of it
16 According to Harry, the improvisation sessions
A require some careful preparation B enable him to use his imagination
C allow him to show his acting talent D encourage him to relate to the group
17 What does Jennifer say about improvisation?
A It is important not to make a mistake B It is necessary to be aware of the timing
C You should be familiar with the character you invent D You need to be completely involved in the activity
18 In Jennifer’s opinion, playing written parts will
A be less challenging than improvisation B include research into previous performances
C involve guidance from an expert D lead to competition for parts
19 Jennifer says that the drama classes have taught her how to
A improve her interaction with people B manage groups of people
C develop her natural acting skills D be satisfied with minor achievements
20 Harry was annoyed because the newcomer to the group
A interrupted the class by arriving late B was reluctant to participate
C seemed unaware of the mood of the group D wasted the tea break with pointless questions
Your answers:
21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
Part 1. For questions 1-12, choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
Write A, B, C or D in the corresponding numbered boxes.
1. The discovery of a______cancer-causing chemical in foods like crisps, chips and cereals caused
shockwaves around the world when it hit the headlines earlier this year.
A. potentially B. completely C. constantly D. radically
2. I am fully prepared for my interview and I am confident that I can answer any questions they may care
to______me.
A. throw at B. drop on C. slide to D. roll to
3. Mr. Minh, the school principal, proposed that Nam_______a scholarship for his best efforts.
A. was awarded B. be awarded C. can be awarded D. will be awarded
4. We stood outside the church, hoping to catch _______of the bride.
A. glance B. view C. vision D. sight
Tiếng Anh THPT – Khối 11 2
5. You_______that man our confidential document. He’s not trustworthy at all.
A. must not have given B. should not have given
C. might not have given D. could not have given
6. The environmentalist explained how_______for developing countries to reduce levels of greenhouse
gases.
A. much harder it would be B. much it would be harder
C. harder it would be D. harder it will be
7. Several measures have been taken ________increasing the company’s profits.
A. with a view to B. on account of C. by means of D. in terms of
8. The employees are________a rally in the city centre to demand higher wages.
A. making B. performing C. staging D. presenting
9. The spectacularly beautiful and sultry voice of Lena Horne made her _______.
A. being a nationally celebrated vocalist B. a vocalist was nationally celebrated
C. as nationally celebrated vocalist D. a nationally celebrated vocalist
Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D to indicate the word CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in the following question.
10. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods.
A. controversial B. abundant C. conducive D. convincing
Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D to indicate the words OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined words in the following question.
11. The information you have got is actually off the record, so be careful if you intend to use it for
publication.
A. confidential B. important C. official D. private
Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best completes the following
exchange.
12. Mr. Black is talking to a salegirl in the shop.
- Mr. Black: “I’d like to try on these shoes, please.” - Salesgirl: “______”
A. That’s right. B. By all means, sir. C. Don’t mention it. D. I’d love to.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Part 2. Read the passage below, which contains 8 mistakes. For questions 13-20, identify the
mistakes and write the corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes.
Line
1 When a celebrity, a politics or other person in the media spotlight loses their temper in
2 public, they run the risk of hitting the headings in a most embarrassing way. For such
3 uncontrolling outbursts of anger are often triggered by what seem to be trivial matters and, if they
4 are caught on camera, can make the person appear slightly ridiculousness. But it’s not only the
5 rich and famous who is prone to fits of rage. According to recent surveys, ordinary people are
6 increasingly tending to lose their cool in public. Although anger is a potentially destructive
7 emotion that uses up a lot of energy and creates a high level of emotional and physical stress - and
8 it stops us thinking rational. Consequently angry people often end up saying, and doing things they
9 later have cause to regret. So, how can anger be avoided? Firstly, diet and lifestyle may be to
10 blame. Tolerance and irritability certainly come to the surface when someone hasn’t slept properly
11 or has skipped a meal, and any intake of caffeine can make things worst. Take regular exercise can
12 help to ease and diffuse feelings of aggression, however, reducing the chances of an angry
13 response. But if something or someone does make you angry, it’s advisable not to react
14 immediately. Once you’ve calmed down, things won’t look half as badly as you first thought.
0. line 1: politics à politician
Your answers:
Line Mistake Correction Line Mistake Correction
13 17.
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.
14 18.
.
15 19.
.
16 20.
.
Part 1. For questions 1-10, read the passage and choose the best answer. Write your answers A, B, C or D in
the corresponding numbered boxes.
Part 3. You are going to read a magazine article about work and holidays. For questions 21-28, choose the
answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided.
You take it for granted that you are a unique person, different from everybody else on Earth, and you understand
that everybody else is also unique. Identical twins are fascinating because they challenge this notion: they are
unique people, of course, but they're also unnervingly similar to each other - and not only in terms of appearance.
They often share opinions, mannerisms and personality traits.
Identical twins are rare, occurring in about three out of every 1,000 births. They seem to occur at random,
regardless of the age or ethnic background of the mother (unlike non-identical twins which are, for example, far
more common among Africans than Asians). Although there may be tiny differences in physical appearances
between two identical twins, which allow family and close friends to tell them apart, they do have exactly the same
DNA. This is because they develop from a single egg which divides in two during the very early stages of
pregnancy.
For scientists, the non-physical similarities between identical twins are the most interesting: are they the result of
growing up together in the same home, or are they the result of their identical DNA? By studying identical twins
who have not grown up together, researchers can see which similarities remain and which disappear. In other
words, they can learn which aspects of a person's identity are determined by genes and which are influenced by the
environment. The Minnesota Twin Study is probably the best-known twin study to date. The study provides
information about how our environment and genes work together to influence everything from attitudes, talents and
abilities, to job selection, to falling in love, to aging and health.
Identical twins Jim Lewis and Jim Springer were only four weeks old when they were separated; each infant was
taken in by a different adoptive family. At age five, Lewis learned that he had a twin, but he said that the idea never
truly 'soaked in' until he was 38 years old. Springer learned of his twin at age eight, but both he and his adoptive
parents believed the brother had died. The two Jims were finally reunited at age 39.
The similarities the twins shared not only amazed one another, but also amazed researchers at the University of
Minnesota. The very fact that both twins were given the same name was a big coincidence. But there's more.
• As youngsters, each Jim had a dog named 'Toy'.
• Each Jim had been married twice - the first wives were both called Linda and the second wives were
both called Betty.
• One Jim had named his son James Allan and the other Jim had named his son James Alan.
• Each twin had driven his light-blue Chevrolet to the same beach in Florida for family vacations.
• Both Jims had at one time held part-time posts as sheriffs.
• Both were fingernail biters and suffered from migraine headaches.
While not as eerily similar as the Jim twins, many more instances of strange likenesses can be found among twins
who were raised apart. For example, identical twins Tom Patterson and Steve Tazumi had very different
upbringings. Raised in a Christian family by two janitors in rural Kansas, Tom still managed to choose the same
career as his brother. Steve, who lives in Philadelphia, was raised in a Buddhist household. Both men own body-
building gyms.
It's obvious from these twins' stories that genetics are a major factor in shaping who we are. In fact, research so far
indicates that characteristics such as personality are mainly related to genes. This means that our character traits as
adults are largely determined before we are born and there is very little that we, or anybody else, can do to change
them.
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21. Identical twins look the same ______
A. but usually have very different characters. B. and are usually identical in character too.
C. and are often very similar in character too. D. but rarely think in the same way.
22. Unlike non-identical twins, identical twins are ______
A. more common among Asians than Africans. B. becoming more and more common.
C. more common among older mothers. D. equally common everywhere.
23. Scientists are particularly interested in identical twins who ______
A. have been raised by different families. B. are genetically exactly the same.
C. look and behave in very similar ways. D. are not alike in terms of personality.
24. While they were growing up, twins Jim Lewis and Jim Springer ______
A. were in regular contact.
B. knew about their twin, but had no contact.
C. did not know they had ever had a twin.
D. were prevented from seeing each other by their adoptive families.
25. When the two Jims met as adults, how did they react to the similarities between them?
A. They had always expected them.
B. They found them very amusing.
C. They did not realise how similar they were until the researchers told them.
D. They were very surprised.
26. As adults, the twins ______
A. both had only one child. B. both got married twice.
C. had pets with the same name. D. married women who were identical twins.
27. How do other cases of twins raised apart compare with the 'Jim twins'?
A. They are all just as surprising.
B. They are less surprising, but often show interesting coincidences.
C. Many of them are even more surprising.
D. Most of them show that other pairs of identical twins are not very similar.
28. According to the text, you might find it difficult to change your personality because ______
A. only other people can change it. B. it is determined mainly by how your parents treat you.
C. you can't control your surroundings. D. you get your personality from your parents.
Your answers:
21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.
Part 4. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow.
Television and Sport
when the medium becomes the stadium
A.
The connection between television and sports is generally perceived as unproblematic. Many view television as
merely a conduit for sports, enabling their playing, replaying, slow-motion analysis, and, naturally, convenient live
transmission to viewers worldwide. Frequently missed, however, is the way television networks have
fundamentally altered the very core of an industry they profess only to represent. Major television broadcasters
quickly capitalized on the lucrative potential of televised sports, and this has transformed every aspect, from the
manner in which sports are conducted to the demographics of their audience.
B.
Prior to television, for instance, experiencing live sporting events necessitated physical presence. For most fans,
unable to afford tickets to premier competitions or the travel necessary to attend them, the sole alternative was
attending local matches, typically involving less prominent teams and lower stakes. Consequently, vibrant social
networks and sporting communities flourished around the endeavors of teams in lower divisions. However, the
arrival of live television made high-profile matches suddenly attainable and accessible to countless new viewers.
This alteration in viewing habits drained support from local clubs, leading to the eventual collapse of many.
Your answers:
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
Tiếng Anh THPT – Khối 11 9
46. 47. 48. 49. 50.
Part 3. Essay writing Write an essay about 350 words on the following topic. (20 points)
English should be a core subject in high school like Maths, Literature.
Discuss both views and state your own opinion.
DO yo agree or disagree with this statement? Discuss this statement and give your opinion.
______THE END______