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Math Revision

The document covers fundamental mathematical concepts including irrational and rational numbers, standard form (scientific notation), and indices (powers and exponents). It provides definitions, examples, and rules for substituting into expressions, constructing expressions, and expanding linear expressions. Key topics include the characteristics of irrational numbers, the format of standard form, and algebraic expression rules.

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voxuantruong2709
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55 views4 pages

Math Revision

The document covers fundamental mathematical concepts including irrational and rational numbers, standard form (scientific notation), and indices (powers and exponents). It provides definitions, examples, and rules for substituting into expressions, constructing expressions, and expanding linear expressions. Key topics include the characteristics of irrational numbers, the format of standard form, and algebraic expression rules.

Uploaded by

voxuantruong2709
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 1: Number and Calculation

1.1 Irrational Numbers

Keywords:
• Rational numbers: Any number that can be written as a
fraction (e.g., ½, ¾, 5/1).
• Irrational numbers: Numbers that cannot be written as
a fraction, appearing as non-repeating, non-terminating
decimals (e.g., π).
• Surd: An irrational square root or cube root (e.g., √2,
∛7).

Examples of Rational Numbers:


• Whole numbers: 5 = 5/1, 3 = 3/1
• Fractions: 1/5, 2/5
• Terminating or repeating decimals:
• 0.5 = ½
• 0.33333… = 1/3

Examples of Irrational Numbers:


• Pi (π)
• Non-repeating, non-terminating decimals (e.g.,
1.414213…)

Examples of Surds:
• Square roots of non-perfect squares: √2, √3, √5
• Cube roots of non-perfect cubes: ∛7, ∛11
• Higher roots: ∜19, ∜29

1.2 Standard Form (Scientific Notation)

Keywords:
• Scientific notation: Another name for standard form.
• Standard form: A way of writing very large or very small
numbers in the form:

where 1 ≤ a < 10 and n is an integer.

Examples of Standard Form (Positive Integer


Exponents):

• 4.67 x 10
• 4.67 x 10
• 4.67 x 10

Examples of Standard Form (Negative Integer


Exponents):

• 4.67 x 10-1 = 0.467


• 4.67 x 10-2 = 0.0467

1.3 Indices (Powers and Exponents)


Examples of Positive Indices:
 34 = 81
 33 = 27
 32 = 9
Examples of Negative Indices:

 3-4 = 1/81
 3-3 = 1/27
 3-2 = 1/9

Unit 2: Expression and formulae


2.1 Substituting into expressions
+ Keyword:
- Counter-example: an example that shows a statement is
not true
+ Correct order of operations:
- Work out brackets and indices before divisions and
multiplication
- Always work out additional and subtractions last
+ Example:
a = 4 and b = -3
5a – 6b = 5 x 4 – 6 x -3
= 20 - -18
= 20 + 18
= 38
+ Example:
x = -5 and y = 2
3x2 – 2y3 = 3 x (-5)2 – 2 x 23
= 3 x 25 – 2 x 8
= 75 – 16
= 59
2.2 Constructing expression
+ Keyword:
- In term of: refers to the letters you use to represent
unknown numbers in an expression
A

A rectangle with the length = x and the width = y


Calculate the area, perimeter
+ Answer:
A = x multiplied to y = xy
P = (x + y) multiplied by 2 = 2(x + y)

2.3 Expression and indices


+ Rules of algebraic expression:
When you multiply powers of the same variable, you add the
indices
When you divide powers of the same variable, you minus the
indices
When you simplify the powers of a powers, you multiply the
indices
+ Example:
- Xa x Xb = Xa+b
- Xa : Xb = Xa-b
- (Xa)b = Xa x b

2.4 Expanding the product of 2 linear expressions


+ Example:
( x + 2 )( x + 3 ) =
= x2 + 3x + 2x + 6
= x2 + 5x + 6
+ Example:
( y + 8 )( y - 4 ) =
= y2 – 4y + 8y - 32
= y2 + 4y - 32

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