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Understanding Filter Passbands and Frequencies

The document discusses various types of filters, including low-pass (L.P.F), high-pass (H.P.F), band-pass (B.P.F), and band-stop filters, explaining their critical frequencies and behavior with respect to input signals. It details the construction of these filters using RC and RL components, highlighting how output voltage changes with frequency. Key concepts such as the -3dB point and the relationship between frequency and output voltage are emphasized.

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a7med5haled55
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34 views29 pages

Understanding Filter Passbands and Frequencies

The document discusses various types of filters, including low-pass (L.P.F), high-pass (H.P.F), band-pass (B.P.F), and band-stop filters, explaining their critical frequencies and behavior with respect to input signals. It details the construction of these filters using RC and RL components, highlighting how output voltage changes with frequency. Key concepts such as the -3dB point and the relationship between frequency and output voltage are emphasized.

Uploaded by

a7med5haled55
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

3

@ Mohamed Gabr
@ Mohamed Gabr
Filter Passband: The range of frequencies passed by a
filter within specified limits.
The Critical Frequency (fc): the frequency at which the
filter’s out voltage is 70.7% of the maximum. 4

The Critical Frequency = cut off = break frequency = -


3dB frequency.
@ Mohamed Gabr
* Why called -3dB ?
Bec. The output voltage is down 3dB from its maximum at
this frequency .

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@ Mohamed Gabr
* Basic ways to construct L.P.F :

1 – RC L.P.F:
1 - If Vin = DC value , Vo will
equal Vi ,,, WHY??
Xc = 1/ 2πfc = 1/ zero = ∞
, block DC
2 – As input frequency increased , Xc decreases , Vout
decreases until a frequency reached where Xc = R
and then this frequency is called Critical Frequency.
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@ Mohamed Gabr
@ Mohamed Gabr
At Vout = Vin ,

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@ Mohamed Gabr
Notes:
1 – As frequency increases above Fc , the Vout continuous to
decrease.
2 - For each 10 fold increase in frequency above Fc , there is
a 20 dB reduction in the output. ( PROVE ???)

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@ Mohamed Gabr
1

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@ Mohamed Gabr
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@ Mohamed Gabr
@ Mohamed Gabr
2 – RL L.P.F:
1 - If Vin = DC value , Vo will
equal Vi ,,, WHY??
XL = 2πfL = zero.

2 – As input frequency increased , XL increases , Vout


decreases until a frequency reached where XL= R
and then this frequency is called Critical Frequency.

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@ Mohamed Gabr
@ Mohamed Gabr
** Basic ways to construct H.P.F :

1 – RC H.P.F:
1 - If Vin = DC value , Vo will
equal ZERO ,,, WHY??
Xc = 1/ 2πfc = 1/ zero = ∞ ,
block DC

2 – As input frequency increased , Xc decreases , Vout


increases until a frequency reached where Xc = R and
then this frequency is called Critical Frequency.
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@ Mohamed Gabr
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@ Mohamed Gabr
@ Mohamed Gabr
2 – RL H.P.F:

1 - If Vin = DC value , Vo = Vin

As input frequency increases ,


Vout increases. XL = 2πfL

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@ Mohamed Gabr
FL > F H

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@ Mohamed Gabr
@ Mohamed Gabr
Basic ways to construct B.P.F

F0 Center frequency .
Q Quality Factor.
Q = XL / R

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@ Mohamed Gabr
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@ Mohamed Gabr
FH > FL

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@ Mohamed Gabr
@ Mohamed Gabr
Basic ways to construct B. Stop .F

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At

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@ Mohamed Gabr
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@ Mohamed Gabr
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@ Mohamed Gabr
@ Mohamed Gabr
END of CHAPTER

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