A

● …
B
● Bad-tempered: a person who becomes angry and annoyed easily.
● Bossy: a bossy person is always telling people what to do.
● Bad-mannered: person who doesn't have good manners
C
● Cautious: someone who avoids risks.
● Considerate: 1kind and helpful; 2caring about and respectful of others.
● Creative: 1producing or using original and unusual ideas; 2describing or explaining
things in unusual ways in order to deceive or give a false impression.
● Cruel: extremely unkind and unpleasant and causing pain to people or animals
intentionally.
● Curse: a calling for harm or injury to came to soleone
D

E
● Eccentric: strange or unusual, sometimes in a humorous way.
● Easy-going: …
F

G
● Gullible: easily deceived or tricked, and too willing to believe everything that other
people say.
H
● Hard-working: …
I
● Industrious: An industrious person works hard.
● Insecure: Insecure people have little confidence and are uncertain about their own
abilities or if other people really like them.
● Intelligent: showing intelligence, or able to learn and understand things easily.
J
● Judgemental: too quick to criticize people.
K

L
● Light-hearted: …
M

O
● Outgoing: (of a person) friendly and energetic and finding it easy and enjoyable to be
with others.
● Open-minded: …
P
● Passionate: having very strong feelings or emotions.
Q
 ● Quick-witted: …
R

S
● Sociable: having very strong feelings or emotions.
● Selfless: caring more for what other people need and want rather than for what you
yourself need and want.
● Self-satisfied: very pleased with yourself and showing no criticism of yourself.
● Shrewd: having or based on a clear understanding and good judgment of a situation,
resulting in an advantage.
● Spontaneous: happening or done in a natural, often sudden way, without any
planning or without being forced.
● Stingy: unwilling to spend money.
● Stubborn: A stubborn person is determined to do what he or she wants and refuses
to do anything else.
● Sympathetic: used to describe someone who shows, especially by what they say,
that they understand and care about someone else's suffering.
● Self-confident: behaving calmly because you have no doubts about your ability or
knowledge.
● Single-minded: very determined to achieve something.
● Spell: something enchanted, kind of magic.
T
● Thick-skinned: Someone who is thick-skinned does not appear to be easily hurt by
criticism.
U
● Untrustworthy: not able to be trusted.
V
● Vain: too interested in your own appearance or achievements.
Hr of their good looks, abilities, or position – used to show disapproval.
Compound adjectives
Bad-mannered: Having poor or rude manners; lacking politeness or consideration for others.
Easy-going: Relaxed, laid-back, and not easily upset or stressed; tolerant and adaptable.
Hard-working: Diligent, industrious, and putting a lot of effort into one's work or tasks.
Light-hearted: Cheerful, carefree, and characterized by a happy and playful attitude.
Open-minded: Willing to consider and accept new and different ideas; not closed or narrow
in thinking.
Quick-witted: Sharp-minded and able to think and respond rapidly; clever and mentally agile.
Self-confident: Having confidence and belief in one's abilities and qualities; assured and
positive about oneself.
Single-minded: Focused and determined, with a clear and unwavering purpose or goal.
Thick-skinned: Resilient and not easily affected or hurt by criticism or negative comments;
emotionally tough.
Well-behaved: Behaving in a manner that is socially acceptable and conforms to established
norms; disciplined and polite.

The media Noun and noun phrases

celebrities
free press
investigative
journalism
journalist
paparazzi
the press
press regulators
privacy laws
publicity
scandal
tabloid press

Celebrities:
● Meaning: Famous or well-known individuals, often in the fields of
entertainment, sports, or public life.
Free Press:
● Meaning: An independent and unrestricted press that is not controlled or
censored by the government.
nvestigative Journalism:
MeaniIng: A form of journalism that involves in-depth research and reporting to uncover
and expose issues of public interest, often involving corruption or wrongdoing.
Journalism:
● Meaning: The activity or profession of reporting news, conducting interviews,
and writing articles for newspapers, magazines, radio, or television.
Journalist:
● Meaning: A person who gathers, writes, or reports news for media outlets.
Paparazzi:
● Meaning: Photographers who aggressively pursue celebrities to capture
candid and often intrusive images for media publication.
The Press:
● Meaning: The collective term for newspapers, magazines, and other media
organizations that gather and report news.
Press Regulators:
● Meaning: Organizations or bodies responsible for overseeing and ensuring
ethical practices within the media industry.
Press Regulators:
● Meaning: Organizations or bodies responsible for overseeing and ensuring
ethical practices within the media industry.

Publicity:
● Meaning: The act of attracting public attention or awareness, often through
media coverage.
Scandal:
● Meaning: An event or action that causes public outrage, shock, or disapproval
due to its perceived immorality or wrongdoing.
Tabloid Press:
● Meaning: Newspapers or media outlets that focus on sensational and often
trivial stories, especially about celebrities.
Verbs and verb phrases
be in the public eye
be in the public interest
harass
invade someone’s privacy
stalk
sue for libel

adjectives with positive and negative meaning

arrogant/self-assured
calculating/shrewd
courageous/foolhardy
pushy/enthusiastic
reserved/antisocial
stingy/thrifty

Extreme adjectives
awful
delighted
ecstatic
exhausted
fascinated
hilarious
miserable
starving
terrible
terrified
thrilled
wonderful

Awful:
● Meaning: Extremely bad or unpleasant; causing fear or dread.
● Example: The weather was awful, with heavy rain and strong winds.
Delighted:
● Meaning: Extremely pleased or happy; filled with joy.
● Example: She was delighted with the surprise birthday party.
Ecstatic:
● Meaning: Overwhelmingly joyful and excited; in a state of extreme happiness.
● Example: Winning the championship made the team ecstatic.
Exhausted:
● Meaning: Extremely tired or fatigued; completely drained of energy.
● Example: After the long hike, they were exhausted and needed a rest.
Fascinated:
● Meaning: Extremely interested or intrigued by something.
● Example: The children were fascinated by the magic show.
 Hilarious:
● Meaning: Extremely funny or amusing; causing loud laughter.
● Example: The comedian's jokes were so hilarious that the audience couldn't
stop laughing.
Miserable:
● Meaning: Extremely unhappy or wretched; feeling great discomfort or
distress.
● Example: The rainy weather made the outdoor event miserable.
Starving:
● Meaning: Extremely hungry; suffering from a lack of food.
● Example: After the long hike, they were starving and eagerly awaited dinner.
Terrible:
● Meaning: Extremely bad or of low quality; causing distress or discomfort.
● Example: The traffic was terrible, and they were late for the meeting.
Terrified:
● Meaning: Extremely frightened or scared; filled with intense fear.
● Example: The loud thunder made the little dog terrified.
Thrilled:
● Meaning: Extremely pleased and excited; filled with enthusiasm.
● Example: She was thrilled to receive the job offer.
Wonderful:
● Meaning: Extremely good or excellent; inspiring delight and admiration.
● Example: The vacation was wonderful, filled with beautiful scenery and
6relaxation.

UNIT 2
Describing feelings

alarmed
amused
anxious
ashamed
bitter
content
disappointed
disillusioned
envious
exasperated
frustrated
furious
humiliated
hysterical
indecisive
irritated
miserable
stressed
stunned
thrilled
upbeat

Alarmed: Feeling sudden fear or distress.

Amused: Finding something funny or entertaining.
Anxious: Experiencing worry or unease about future events.
Ashamed: Feeling embarrassed or guilty due to one's actions.
Bitter: Exhibiting strong resentment or cynicism.
Content: Satisfied and at ease with the current situation.
Disappointed: Feeling let down or unsatisfied.
Disillusioned: Losing faith or trust in something previously believed in.
Envious: Jealous or resentful of someone else's advantages or possessions.
Exasperated: Annoyed or frustrated to the point of irritation.
Frustrated: Feeling thwarted or discouraged.
Furious: Extremely angry or enraged.
Humiliated: Feeling ashamed or embarrassed, especially in front of others.
Hysterical: Overwhelmed with emotion, often in a chaotic or uncontrollable manner.
Indecisive: Unable to make decisions easily or quickly.
Irritated: Annoyed or provoked to a mild degree.
Miserable: Extremely unhappy or wretched.
Stressed: Under mental or emotional pressure.
Stunned: Shocked or greatly surprised.
Thrilled: Experiencing intense excitement or joy.
Upbeat: Optimistic and cheerful.

Preposition +noun phrases

at: not at all - at last - at fault - at once - at stake
by: by mistake - by accident -
for: for the time being - for good - for now - for one thing
in: in control - in doubt - in the wrong - in any case - in that case
on: on the one hand.. on the other hand
under: under arrest - under control - under the impression - under pressure
of: interest

Problems
combat
rate
wave
violent
cut
prevention
committing
recorded
petty
deter
Combat: Engage in a fight or conflict.
Rate: Assign a value or score to something.
Wave: A disturbance or variation that travels through space or a medium.
Violent: Involving physical force with the intent to harm or damage.
Cut: Make an incision or wound with a sharp-edged tool.
Prevention: Taking measures to stop something from happening.
Committing: Carrying out or performing an action, often used in the context of a crime.
Recorded: Captured or documented in some form, typically audio or video.
Petty: Of little importance or trivial.
Deter: Discourage someone from doing something by instilling fear or doubt.
UNIT 4
Types of holiday and holiday accommodation
Adventure Holiday: A vacation focused on exciting and often physically challenging
activities, such as hiking, rafting, or exploring.
Example: The family decided to go on an adventure holiday and explore the
rainforests of Costa Rica.
B&B (Bed and Breakfast): A type of lodging accommodation that typically includes a
room for the night and breakfast the next morning.
Example: We booked a charming B&B in the countryside for our weekend getaway.
Backpacking: Traveling with a backpack, often involving budget accommodations and a
focus on exploration and adventure.
Example: After graduating, she spent a year backpacking through Europe, visiting
various cities and landmarks.
Beach Holiday: A vacation spent at a coastal area, typically involving relaxation, water
activities, and enjoying the beach.
Example: We're planning a beach holiday in Thailand to soak up the sun and enjoy
the clear waters.
Beach House: A vacation home located near the beach, providing easy access to the
shoreline.
Example: Our family rented a beach house for the summer to enjoy the seaside
atmosphere.
Cabin: A small, rustic dwelling, often located in a natural or remote setting.
Example: The couple spent a cozy weekend in a mountain cabin, surrounded by
snow-covered trees.
Camper Van: A van that is converted into a mobile home, suitable for traveling and
camping.
Example: They traveled across the country in a camper van, exploring national parks
and scenic routes.
Camping: Staying outdoors in a tent or other temporary shelter, often in natural settings
like forests or campsites.
Example: The group decided to go camping in the wilderness to experience nature
up close.
Campsite: A designated area where people can set up tents or park campers for
temporary accommodation.
Example: The campsite near the lake offered stunning views and a peaceful
environment.
Caravan: A mobile home or trailer used for camping or travel.
Example: The family went on a road trip with their caravan, visiting different national
parks along the way.
City Break: A short vacation or holiday spent in a city, often focused on exploring urban
attractions.
Example: We planned a city break in Paris to enjoy the museums, architecture, and
local cuisine.
Cottage: A small, cozy house, typically located in a rural or scenic area.
Example: They rented a charming cottage in the countryside for a peaceful retreat.
Couch-Surfing: Staying with locals in their homes for free, often arranged through online
platforms.
Example: During their European tour, they experienced couch-surfing, staying with
different hosts in each city.
Cruise: A vacation on a large ship, typically traveling to various destinations with onboard
amenities and entertainment.
Example: The couple celebrated their anniversary with a cruise to the Caribbean,
enjoying the luxury and relaxation.
Cycling Holiday: A vacation focused on cycling, exploring scenic routes and landscapes.
Example: He planned a cycling holiday through the vineyards of Tuscany, enjoying
both exercise and beautiful views.
Ecotourism: Traveling with a focus on responsible and sustainable practices,
emphasizing appreciation for nature and conservation.
Example: The eco-conscious travelers chose an ecotourism package to explore the
rainforest without harming the environment.
Guest House: A private house offering accommodation to guests, often smaller than a
hotel.
Example: The quaint guest house in the historic district provided a cozy and
personalized experience.
Holiday Camp: A recreational facility offering accommodations and various activities for
vacationers.
Example: Families often choose a holiday camp for summer vacations, with
amenities like pools, entertainment, and organized activities.
Holiday Home: A property used for vacation or holiday stays, often owned by individuals
for personal use.
Example: They invested in a holiday home by the lake to escape to during weekends
and holidays.
Hotel: A commercial establishment providing lodging, meals, and other guest services.
Example: The business traveler stayed in a luxury hotel with conference facilities
during the week.
Houseboat: A boat that serves as a floating home, often used for vacations on rivers or
lakes.
Example: They rented a houseboat for a unique vacation experience, navigating
through scenic waterways.
House Swap: Exchanging homes with someone else for a specified period, allowing both
parties to experience a new location.
Example: The couple engaged in a house swap, trading homes with a family in a
different country for the summer.
 Package Holiday: A pre-arranged travel package that includes accommodations,
transportation, and often meals and activities.
Example: The couple booked a package holiday to the Caribbean, with everything
from flights to excursions included.
Self-Catering Apartment: An apartment where guests can prepare their own meals,
offering more independence during the stay.
Example: They chose a self-catering apartment for their vacation, enjoying the
flexibility to cook their favorite dishes.
Tent: A portable shelter made of fabric, typically used for camping.
Example: The group set up their tents in the wilderness, enjoying a night under the
stars.
Time-Share Apartment: Shared ownership of a property, allowing individuals to use it for
a specified period each year.
Example: The family invested in a time-share apartment in a popular tourist
destination for annual vacations.
Villa: A large and luxurious vacation residence, often with amenities like a private pool
and spacious grounds.
Example: The group rented a villa in Tuscany for a week, enjoying the privacy and
stunning views.
Volunteering: Choosing to spend time and effort helping others, often in a different
community or country.
Example: Instead of a traditional vacation, she decided to spend her summer
volunteering in a rural school in Africa.
Winter Sports Holiday: A vacation focused on winter sports activities such as skiing,
snowboarding, and ice skating.
Example: The family planned a winter sports holiday in the Swiss Alps, looking
forward to skiing and snow-covered landscapes.
Youth Hostel: A budget-friendly accommodation option, often with shared facilities,
catering to young travelers.
Example: Backpackers often choose youth hostels for affordable stays and
opportunities to meet fellow travelers.

Holiday activities
see the sights
take it easy
eat out in a restaurant
get away from it all
broaden your horizons
have new experiences
soak-up the sun
try local food
be physically active
pamper yourself at a spa
hang out with your friends
enjoy the nightlife
meet people
recharge your batteries
Describing places
Breathtaking: Meaning: Awe-inspiring, stunning, or remarkable in a way that takes one's
breath away.
Translation: Impresionante (Spanish), à couper le souffle (FrenchYouth Hostel: A
budget-friendly accommodation option, often with shared facilities, catering to young
travelers.
Example: Backpackers often choose youth hostels for affordable stays and
opportunities to meet fellow travelers.

).

Commercialized:Meaning: Altered or adapted for commercial purposes; having a focus

on profit or business.
Translation: Comercializado (Spanish), commercialisé (French).

Dingy:Meaning: Dark, dirty, or unclean, often in a way that is depressing or shabby.

Translation: Sordido (Spanish), sale (French).

Dull:Meaning: Lacking interest or excitement; boring or uninteresting.

Translation: Aburrido (Spanish), ennuyeux (French).

Dull:Meaning: Lacking interest or excitement; boring or uninteresting.

Translation: Aburrido (Spanish), ennuyeux (French).

Inaccessible:Meaning: Difficult or impossible to reach or approach; not easily entered or

reached.
Translation: Inaccesible (Spanish), inaccessible (French).

Mind-blowing: Meaning: Extremely impressive or shocking; capable of causing intense

amazement.
Translation: Alucinante (Spanish), époustouflant (French).

Overcrowded: Meaning: Containing too many people or things, resulting in a lack of

space or resources.
Translation: Sobrepoblado (Spanish), surpeuplé (French).

Remote:Meaning: Far away from centers of population or distant in time; isolated.

Translation: Remoto (Spanish), éloigné (French).

Run-down:Meaning: In a state of disrepair or deterioration; shabby or neglected.

Translation: Decadente (Spanish), délabré (French).

Unique:Meaning: One of a kind; being the only one of its kind.

Translation: Único (Spanish),.

Unspoilt:Meaning: Remaining in a natural, untouched state; not altered or spoiled.

Translation: Inmaculado (Spanish), .

,
Unit 5 Glossary
admire
adore
be on the same wavelength as
be very close to
be wary of
envy
feel sorry for
have a lot in common with
have nothing in common with
look down on
look up to
not see eye to eye with
respect
trust
Admire:
● Meaning: To regard with respect, approval, or warm approval; to look up to.
Adore:
● Meaning: To regard with deep love, affection, or worship; to be very fond of.
Be on the same wavelength as:
● Meaning: To have a similar way of thinking or understanding; to share similar
opinions or perspectives.
Be very close to:
● Meaning: To have a strong emotional or personal connection with someone;
to be intimate or deeply connected.
Be wary of:
● Meaning: To be cautious, careful, or suspicious of something or someone; to
be on guard.
Envy:
● Meaning: To feel discontent or resentment towards someone else's
possessions, qualities, or success; to covet.
Feel sorry for:
● Meaning: To have compassion or sympathy for someone; to pity or empathize
with.
Have a lot in common with:
● Meaning: To share many similarities or interests with someone.
Have nothing in common with:
● Meaning: To lack shared interests, similarities, or common ground with
someone.
Look down on:
● Meaning: To view with a sense of superiority or disdain; to consider someone
or something as less valuable.
Look up to:
● Meaning: To regard with respect, admiration, or as a role model; to hold in
high esteem.
Not see eye to eye with:
 ● Meaning: To have differing opinions or perspectives; to disagree with
someone.
Respect:
● Meaning: To have a deep admiration and esteem for someone or something;
to treat with consideration.
Trust:
● Meaning: To have confidence in the reliability, honesty, or integrity of
someone or something.

VERBAL INTERACTION
compliment sb on sth
flatter sb
insult sb
lecture sb about sth
nag sb about sth
offend sb
praise sb for sth
tease sb about sth
tell sb
off sth
warn sb about sth

Nouns:
Respect. A feeling of deep admiration for someone.
E.g The director feels respect for Peter as an actor.
Immediate family: In general, a person's immediate family is their smallest family unit,
including parents, siblings, spouse, and children. It may include relatives through marriage,
such as a mother-in-law.

Adjectives:
Wary: Cautious. Not completely trusting or certain about something or someone.
E.g: "I'm a little wary of/about giving people my address when I don't know them very well".

Verbs:
Look down on : regard someone with a feeling of superiority
E.g. the other children looked down on her because her parents were poor.
Look up to : to respect and admire someone.
E.g. I've always looked up to my older brother.
Be on the same wavelength: find easy to understand each other and tend to agree with
someone.
[Link] makes the problem worse is that Howard and Tina are not on the same
wavelength about how to deal with it.
Envy: to wish that you had something that another person has.
E.g. I envy you for your large group of friends
Trust: to believe that someone is good and honest and will not harm you, or that something
is safe and reliable
E.g. Trust me. I know what I'm doing.
E.g. Trust me, I will not be part of it.
Nag: harass (someone) constantly to do something that they are averse to.
E.g. Mom's always nagging me about my hair.
Praise: the expression of approval or admiration for someone or something.
E.g: “The audience was full of praise for the excellent production”
Flatter: cause (someone) to feel honored and pleased.
E.g. I was very flattered to be given the commission
Be close to (PHRASAL VERB): To have a very friendly and intimate relationship with one.
E.g. I WAS VERY CLOSE TO PATRICIA WHEN WE WERE TEENAGERS

Idioms:
Be green with envy: to be very unhappy because someone has something that you want
[Link] I heard about his new job I was green with envy.
Eye to eye: to be in full agreement with someone. (agree)
E.g. They finally saw eye to eye on the business deal.
E.g. I don't see eye to eye with my friends about when we go out.