Networking Study Notes
Different types of cable and their uses
1. Twisted Pair Cable (Ethernet - Cat5e, Cat6): Used in LANs, offices, and homes.
2. Coaxial Cable: Used in cable TV and some broadband internet.
3. Fiber Optic Cable: Used for high-speed internet, long-distance communication.
4. Shielded Twisted Pair (STP): Used in environments with high interference.
5. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP): Common for Ethernet networks.
Properly terminating a cable using RJ45 connector
1. Strip the cable jacket (about 1 inch).
2. Untwist and arrange wires in T568A or T568B order.
3. Trim the wires evenly.
4. Insert into the RJ45 connector.
5. Use a crimping tool to secure the connection.
6. Test with a cable tester.
T568A and T568B differences and importance
T568A and T568B are wiring standards for Ethernet cables.
- T568A: Used in government installations, more common in Europe.
- T568B: Used in most commercial installations in the U.S.
- Importance: Ensures compatibility and prevents miswiring.
Checking network cable for proper termination
1. Use a cable tester.
2. Check for connectivity issues.
3. Inspect for correct wire arrangement.
4. Ensure RJ45 clips are properly secured.
Common issues with network cables and solutions
1. Loose Connections - Re-crimp the connector.
2. Incorrect Wiring - Follow T568A/B standards.
3. Damaged Cable - Replace with a new one.
4. Electromagnetic Interference - Use shielded cables.
Creating a crossover cable and its uses
1. Follow T568A on one end and T568B on the other.
2. Crimp and test the connection.
3. Used for direct device-to-device connections (e.g., two computers).
Ensuring proper cable installation
1. Avoid sharp bends.
2. Use proper cable management.
3. Keep away from electrical sources.
4. Label and document installations.
Precautions when working with network cables
1. Avoid excessive pulling.
2. Use proper grounding.
3. Wear protective gear.
4. Follow safety guidelines.
Troubleshooting a network connectivity issue during cable termination
1. Verify physical connections.
2. Check cable continuity using a tester.
3. Ensure proper IP configuration.
4. Replace damaged cables if necessary.
Essential equipment used in cable termination
1. Crimping tool
2. Cable stripper
3. RJ45 connectors
4. Network tester
5. Punch-down tool
Configuring a basic IP address on a router/switch
1. Connect via console or SSH.
2. Enter enable mode.
3. Use 'interface' command to select an interface.
4. Assign IP using 'ip address' command.
5. Save configuration.
Process of configuring a static IP address
1. Open network settings.
2. Select 'Manual IP Configuration'.
3. Enter IP address, subnet mask, and gateway.
4. Save and restart network adapter.
7 OSI model layers and 4 TCP/IP model layers
- OSI: Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical.
- TCP/IP: Application, Transport, Internet, Network Access.
OSI vs TCP/IP Model
- OSI is theoretical, TCP/IP is practical.
- OSI has 7 layers, TCP/IP has 4.
- Both provide layered networking approaches.
Primary purpose of OSI model layers
Each layer serves a unique role in communication, from physical transmission to application-level services.
Why OSI is theoretical compared to TCP/IP
OSI provides a reference model, while TCP/IP is implemented in real-world networking.
Real-world application of OSI model
Used in troubleshooting and designing network protocols.
Advantages of OSI over TCP/IP
1. Modular design.
2. Clear separation of concerns.
3. More structured approach.
Troubleshooting network configuration issues
1. Identify the problem.
2. Check physical connections.
3. Verify IP configuration.
4. Test network layer communication.
Point-to-Point vs AP Radio
- PTP: Direct link between two locations.
- AP: Wireless access for multiple clients.
Importance of line-of-sight in PTP radio
Prevents signal obstruction, ensuring a stable connection.
Advantages of PTP over wired connections
1. Cost-effective over long distances.
2. No physical cable needed.
3. Fast deployment.
