Mission A+: 100 Frequently Asked and Important Questions You Can’t Miss!

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow.
The garlands wither on your brow;
Then boost no more your mighty deeds !
Upon Death’s purple altar now
See how the victor-victim bleeds.
1. Write the name of the poem from which these lines are taken.
2. Name the poet.
3. What does ‘Death’s purple altar’ refer to ?
4. Identify one figure of speech used in these lines.

It is not surprising that this astonishingly vital man, full of self confidence and an unusual kind of
power, standing for equality and freedom for each individual fascinated the masses of India and
attracted them like a magnet.
5. Who is the ‘man’ mentioned in this passage ?
6. What kind of unusual power does he have ?
7. Pick out a word from the above lines which means ‘full of energy’.
8. From which lesson is this passage taken ? Who is the author ?

(Questions 9 - 12 : Answer any 2 in about 30 words. Each carries 2 scores.)

9. Imagine the words that the mother of the young seagull could use to motivate him to
fly. Write 2 sentences for the mother. You may begin in this way :

You should really .......

You ought to .......

10. Choose the correct alternative from the brackets and fill in the blanks :
(a) Eight miles _____ not a short distance (is, are)
(b) Cycling is a good exercise. _____ it helps you save money. (However, Moreover)

11. APJ Abdul Kalam enjoyed interacting with students.

If you had a chance to ask questions to Dr. Kalam what would you ask him ? Write 2 questions.

12. Change the following conversation into reported speech. Greta : I thought you could
make real peaches.
Dad : No, you have to go to the store for those.

13. The passage given below contains a few errors. Edit the passage.
In the end, our society need to grow. Growing up means understanding that there is no perfect
answers. We haven’t created a perfect society of earth and won’t has one in cyberspace either.

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14. Answer all questions from 1-4. Each carries 1 score :
(4x1=4)
Read the following excerpt and answer the questions that follow :
"My dreams at that time were rather confused", he admitted. "Before my condition was
diagnosed, I had been bored with life. There did not seem to be anything worth doing. But
shortly after I came out of hospital, I dreamt that I was going to be executed.
I suddenly realized that there were a lot of worthwhile things to do, if I were reprieved.
Another recurring dream was the idea of sacrificing my life to save others. After all, if I were
going to die, I might as well do some good".

1) Who is 'I' referred to ?

2) Why were his dreams rather confused ?
3) What was his recurring dream ?
4) Pick out a word from the passage which means 'released'.

15. B. Answer all questions from a to d. Each carries 1 score :

Read the following lines from the poem and answer the questions that follow :
Then Captain Smith, her commander brave,
Thought not one moment, his own life to save,
But stood on the bridge, calling out to the crew :
Remember your country, Be British, be [Link] England, and Ireland, and Scotland, and
Wales,
Proved there to the World : Their Valor ne'er fails,
'The women and children first', was their cry,
And every one of the Crew, stood by.

Who is the brave commander of the ship ?

a) Pick out the line which suggests the ideal quality of the captain.
b) 'Then Captain Smith, her commander brave'.
c) Identify the poetic device used in the above line.
d) Who got the top priority to be rescued from the sinking 'Titanic' ?

16. The dialogue between Mrs. Clifford and Mr. Gupta in 'Price of Flowers' is given below.
Report the dialogue :
Mrs. Clifford: Did you see that in the crystal ?
Mr. Gupta: Yes, I have seen it.

17. Complete the following passage choosing the right word given in the bracket :
[but, unfortunately, therefore]

_______, Stephen was ill at the time of the scholarship examination for Westminster
________, he attested the local Saint Alban's school.

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17. Complete the following passage with right form of the verbs given in brackets :
If United Nations_______ (stop) the war between two countries beforehand, so many children
and the old would not have suffered from hunger and cold. If the situation continues the same,
too many live____(lose).

18. Explain the poet's view on the given lines of the poem 'If'
"If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster,
And treat those two imposters just the same."

19. Edit the following passage :

Last year, I pay him a visit. I thought I'd go and see how things was with him.
On his letters, my brother called his estate Tchimbarshov corner, or Himalayskoe.
I arrived at Himalayskoe in afternoon.

20. 20) Elaborate the idea in the given lines of the poem 'Death The Leveller'.
"Only the actions of the just
Smell sweet and blossom in their dust."

21. Questions 1-4 Answer ALL questions. Each question carries 1 score.
Read the excerpts given below and answer the questions that follow.
Here is the earth! Where are we?
1. The excerpt is taken from the lesson
2. Who are the "We" referred to here?

Upon Death's purple altar now

22. See where the victor-victim bleeds;
3. Identify any figure of speech in the given lines.
4. The phrase Death's purple altar means.................

23. Dr Kalam in his speech exhorts us to be unique. How can you be unique?

24. Change into reported speech.

Maggie said to Mr Gupta, "I have heard there are many people in India who have occult powers.
They are called yogis."

25. Choose the suitable cohesive device and fill in the blanks. (and,that,however)
It is of course a miracle that Hawking has been able to achieve everything he has;
........ he is still alive. ..................., when you experience his intelligence and humour, you begin
to take his problems no more seriously than he seems to himself.

26 “I am an old man now and am no good for the struggle. I commenced late.”
1. Identify the speaker.
2. The excerpt is taken from the lesson.......

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27. Was there ever a scene so awfully grand?
What was the“awfully grand” scene referred to here?
28. And I felt just a little bit connected again and a little more aware.
a.​ When did the speaker have this experience?
29. Change into an assertive sentence.
What a melodious song!

30. Frame a question to get the underlined words as answer. Greta wants a bowl in every room.

31. Edit the following passage.

Something in the modern psyche love new fronteers. We hanker for wide-open spaces:
We like to explore; We like to make rules instead of follow them.

32. For never was courage more noble and true,

Than was shown on that night, by the Titanic’s crew.”
What is the message that the poet conveys through the lines?

[Link] the excerpts given below and answer the questions that follow.
He then trotted back and forth from one end of the ledge to the other, his long gray legs
stepping daintily, trying to find some means of reaching his parents without having to fly.
a.​ The given excerpt is taken from the lesson............
b.​ The situation mentioned here shows.....

34. They gathered midway round the wooded height, And, in their fading glory, shone Like hosts
in battle overthrown.
a.​ Who are the "they" mentioned here?
b.​ Identify the figure of speech in the last line
35. Choose the correct form of the verb given in brackets.
a) Each of the players......a specific role to play. (has/have)
b) Either the manager or his assistants..................made a mistake.(has/have)

36. Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the verb in the brackets.
a) Would you mind if I ..................... (take) the book for you?
b) If my little brother................ (not come) with us, I would have boarded a bus.

37. (Question.1 to 3): Read the following excerpt from the story, ‘His First Flight’ and answer the
questions that follow.
He waited a moment in surprise, wondering why she did not come nearer and then maddened
by hunger, he dived at the fish with a loud scream; he fell outwards and downwards into space.
His mother had swooped upwards. As he passed beneath her, he heard the swish of her wings.

Question 1.
Who is ‘she’ referred to here? (1)

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Question 2.
What prompted the young seagull to fly finally? (2)

Question 3.
Write a paragraph about the role of parents in helping children to attain their goal.

38. Fill in the blanks in the following passage choosing the right words given in the box.
Similarly, in accordance, Moreover, Therefore
In developing countries, only 30% of the buildings are constructed …..(a) with the regulations
laid down for ensuring safety and security….(b) the lack of a master plan and the inferior quality
of materials used for construction also aggravate the
casualties arising out of disasters ……….(c)….., both private and public buildings should
be constructed according to the guidelines prescribed by law ….(d)…., constructions should
strictly adhere to the master plan approved by the authorities. (4)

39. Your school is conducting a debate on the topic, “Do the social networking sites intrude into
ones privacy?” Prepare four arguments in favour of this topic. (4)

40. The following lines are taken from the poem, ‘Death, The Leveller’. Read the lines and
answer the questions that follow.

Your heads must come

To the cold tomb;
Only the actions of the just
Smell sweet and blossom in their dust.

Question 13.
What does the expression, cold tomb’ mean here?
Question 14.
Elaborate on the idea of the above lines.

41. Complete the following report using the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets.
ABCD Higher Secondary School ……….(a) ………(celebrate) Gandhi Jayanthi on 2nd October,
2014. The school principal
……….(b) …………. (welcome) the gathering. The meeting …..(c)……….(preside) over by the
RT.A. president and the local freedom
fighter, Appu Asan …(d)………..(inaugurate) the function. (4)

42. Questions 1 - 8, answer all. Each carries 1 score.

"I was so weighed down by responsibility that I had slight concern of myself."
1. Who is referred to as 'I'?
"It was like eating part of himself."

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2. What pathetic condition of the seagull is referred to here?
.... down the corridors of all time
The Titanic story shall sound sublime".
3. Why is Titanic remembered even today
"If you can wait and not be tired by waiting."
4. What quality is the poet trying to bring out
5. What alone can survive death, as told in "Death the Leveller" ?
6."I stood upon the hills, when heaven's wide arch Was glorious with the sun's returning march."
What is meant by
a) heaven's wide arch ?
b) returning march ?
7. Name any two ways Nehru addresses the arrival of Gandhi into Indian politics.
8. Write two advantages of sleep.

43. "And never breathe a word about your loss." According to Rudyard Kipling how should we
face unexpected loss

44. Complete the sentence correctly :

a) One should do_____duty for_____country.
b) Rewrite using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
If I (be) you, I (buy) a new one

45. Rewrite as directed :

a) Change into reported speech.
"Why are you Late?" asked the teacher.
"I overslept," replied Meera.
b) Change the assertive sentence into an exclamatory sentence.
The dog is a very faithful animal.

46. "The glories of our blood and state

Are shadows not substantial things."
Elaborate the idea in these lines.

[Link] four sentences suitable for the poster preparation on the Do's and Don'ts of using
social media.
(Write 2 Do's and 2 Don'ts)

48. Read the lines from the poem 'Death The Leveller' and answer the questions that follow.
The garlands wither on your brow;
Then boast no more your mighty deeds!
Upon Death's purple altar now
See where the victor-victim bleeds;
1. What is meant by "Death's purple altar"?
2. Explain the message conveyed by the above lines.

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49. In 'I will Fly' you have met a nervous boy from a remote village who asked Dr. A. P. J. Abdul
Kalam a question. Imagine that the boy sends a letter to his friend describing the incident. Here
is an excerpt from the letter.
Complete it.
Meeting Dr. Abdul Kalam was really a wonderful experience. Now, I feel very confident. He said,
"If _______.you will succeed". His words
ignited my mind. If I had not attended the meeting,__________

50. Esther Dyson, in 'The Cyberspace', says that there is something in the modern psyche that
loves new frontiers, a liking to make rules instead of following them. Do you agree with this
statement? Express your views in 2 or 3 sentences.

51. 'Gooseberries' by Anton Chekor presents the life of Ivan Ivanich and Nicholai Ivanich. Of
these two brothers, whom do you like? Write four sentences justifying your choice. You may
begin with I'd prefer/I like/I would/I feel etc.

52. Fill in the blanks in the following passage choosing the appropriate words given in the box.
[But, then, and, moreover]
Then a monstrous terror seized him ......a)..... his heart stood still. He could hear nothing......b)....
it only lasted a moment.

53. Rewrite the following conversation between Gupta and the waitress ('The Price of Flowers')
in reported speech.
Gupta: Do you know the girl who was sitting over there?
Waitress : No, Sir, I do not know her, to speak of. I've noticed she has lunch here on Saturdays.
Gupta: Doesn't she come on any other day?
Waitress : I never see her on other days.

[Link] the following excerpt from 'Is Society Dead?', there are four errors in the
passage. Identify the errors and correct them.
What we do get from this? The chance to slip away for a while from everydayness, to give your
lives its own sound tracks, to still the monotony of the comute, to listen more closely and
carefully on music that can lift you up and can keep you go.

55."Young friends, let me discuss with you, how you can be unique. I have, so far, met fifteen
million youth in a decade's time. I learnt, 'Every youth wants to be unique that is YOU!' But the
world all around you is doing its best, day and night, to make you just ' everybody else."
1. Who is the speaker?
2. What does every youth want to be?
3. What is the world around us doing?
4. Pick out a word from the passage that means 'a period of ten years'.

[Link] 5-8: Read the following lines and answer the questions.

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The glories of our blood and state
Are shadows, not substantial things;
There is no armour against Fate;
Death lays his icy hand on kings:
Sceptre and Crown
Must tumble down,
And in the dust be equal made
With the poor crooked scythe and spade.
5. Identify the poem.
6. What, according to the poet, are not substantial things?
7. Death lays his icy hand on kings... Identify the figure of speech.
8. Cite an example for metonymy.

[Link] best friend is addicted to mobile phones. Advise him / her on the need to use mobile
phones judiciously.

58. Thou wouldst read a lesson, that will keep Thy heart from fainting and thy soul from sleep,
Go to the woods and hills! No tears Dim the sweet look that Nature wears.
What message does the poet convey?

59. Edit the following passage.

The young Seagull was not confident to flying, It is his mother who helped him atleast. After
make his first flight, he realised his strength.

60. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow :
It is not surprising that this astonishingly vital man, full of self confidence and an unusual kind of
power, standing for equality and freedom for each individual fascinated the masses of India and
attracted them like a magnet.
5. Who is the 'man' mentioned in this passage?
6. What kind of unusual power does he have ?
7. Pick out a word from the above lines which means 'full of energy'.
8. From which lesson is this passage taken ? Who is the author?

61. Without Thee, what is all the morning's wealth?

Come, blessed barrier between day by day Dear mother of fresh thoughts and joyous health.
"Thee' is the old form of the word
(a) me
(b) you
(c) it
2. Whom does the poet call 'mother of fresh thoughts'?
3. Identify the poetic device used in the second line.
4. Identify the rhyming words.

62. (Question Nos. 5-8) : Rewrite as directed. 1 score each.

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What a beautiful smile you have !
(Begin with 'You .)

6. You should treat triumph and disaster just the same. Then you will be a man and the earth will
be yours.
(Connect the sentences using "if")

7. Mr. Gupta was very busy. Yet he decided to visit Maggie's house.
(Connect the sentences using 'though')

Though Mr. Gupta was very busy, he decided to visit Maggie's house.

63. According to Esther Dyson, Cyberspace has many wonderful possibilities.

Mention 2 such possibilities.

64. Dr. Kalam wants every youth to be unique. What does he mean by 'being unique'?

65. In his article 'Is Society Dead?' Andrew Sullivan refers to the 'i-Pod people'.
Who are 'i-Pod people'?

[Link] Beerbohm's objection to 'walking for walking's sake' is that it stops the brain.
Why does he say so?

[Link] according to Rudyard Kipling, should be one's attitude to unexpected loss ?

[Link] was the essence of Gandhi's teaching ?

69. Elaborate the ideas in the following lines :

The glories of our blood and state Are shadows, not substantial things;
There is no armour against Fate

70. Identify the figure of speech in 'Death lays its icy hand on kings'.

71. Fill in the blanks choosing the right option from the brackets :Five kilometres ___not a short
distance. (is/are)

72. If I had tried again________

(I could solve the problem, I could have solved the problem, could have solve the problem)

73. Hasan assisted Dr. Cronin to help the patients. (Change into passive voice.)

74. "And treat those two impostors just the same". Who are the two impostors mentioned ?

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75. "Following the outburst of Covid 19 pandemic we have started using cyber space to a great
extent". Write any two uses of cyber space during such pandemics.

76. Read the following lines of the poem and answer the questions that follow :
"If you can dream - and not make dreams your master;
If you think - and not make thoughts your aim,
If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster
And treat those two imposters just the same :
If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken
Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,
Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken,
And stood and build'em up with worn-out tools;

a.​ What according to the poet are the two imposters ?

b.​ What do knaves represent ?
c.​ What is the message conveyed in the above lines?
d.​ Identify the figure of speech in the phrase 'Triumph and Disaster'.

[Link] you agree with A.J. Cronin's remark "the animals were all outside", why ? Give two
reasons.

78. Sleep is a fascinating biological process. Sleep is an efficient way to 'service' the brain, to
make sure it works well and long enough. Give two suggestions for a good sleep.

79. One or the sheep___(has / have) a bell on its neck.

(b)The teacher together with the students_____
(has / have) come.
(c) Neither the teacher nor the students______(has / have) gone for a walk.
(d) If you invite her, she______(will / would) come.

80. While planning a trip, we have to consider many things. What are the do's and don'ts,
related to this? (2 do's and 2 don'ts).

81. "If thou art worn and hard beset

With sorrows that thou wouldst forget,
If thou wouldst read a lesson, that will keep Thy heart from fainting and thy soul from sleep.
Go to the woods and hills! No tears
Dim the sweet look that nature wears.
- What message do you get from these lines ?

82. a) The police came only after the thief

______(escape).
(b) Last year, I____(walk) back home every evening.
(c) He usually wears pants, but now he (wear) a dhothi.

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(d) Look, the snow______(fall)!

83. Read the excerpt from 'The Serang of Ranaganji' and answer the questions that follow.
"How shall I describe the solace which flowed towards me from him as he stood there in
meditation, with his long arms folded on his bare chest, motionless as a statue? When a sick
man groaned faintly, he would step forward, without sound, to succour him."

1. What makes the narrator feel solaced ?

2. What is the figure of speech used in the expression 'motionless as a statue' ?
3. Pick out two expressions that describe the physical features of the character in the narrative.
4. Find out the word in the passage which means 'give assistance or aid to'.

[Link] appropriate forms of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks.
1.​ Hawking commented in his customary style, 'If I______(get) a first___,I shall go to
Cambridge’.
2.​ Ivan Ivanich said to his brother, "If I were young, I____(follow) my dreams as you did".
85. Complete the following sentences to know how Gupta would report his conversation with
Maggie,
Gupta asked, "What is it, Maggie ?"
Maggie replied, "Come into the sitting room and I will tell you."
I asked Maggie
Maggie replied.

86. Complete the following passage with suitable words selected from those given in the box.
[Although, But, Nevertheless]
Hawking joined University College, his father's college and the oldest at Oxford. (a)
___for about a year and a half, he was lonely and bored.____(b) halfway through his second
year, he began enjoying Oxford.

87. Identify the errors and edit appropriately.

Hawking was confident that he can get through successfully. But he ended up disastrously in the
borderline between a first and a second.

88. What does Rudyard Kipling say about one's attitude to success and failure' in his poem
'If?
89. What are the roles played by science and technology in disaster management?
90. Elaborate the idea in the following lines from the poem, 'To Sleep'.(2)
Come, blessed barrier between day and day, Dear mother of fresh thoughts and joyous health.

91. The passage given below contains a few errors. Edit the passage.
Manipur is a land of several possibility, especially for adventurous activities. The topography of
Manipur offer opportunities for caving, rafting paragliding, rock climbing and wind surfing. Shirui
Hills is one of the most famous treks in Manipur, and nature lovers throngs the roads leading in
the range during the Shirui Lily festival.

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92. Go to the woods and hills! No tears
Dim the sweet look that Nature wears.
What was the sweet look that had captured H. W. Longfellow's attention?
Write a paragraph on the use of imagery in the poem 'Sunrise on the Hills'.

93. The conversation between Maggie and Mr. Gupta in 'The Price of Flowers' is given below.
Report their conversation.
Maggie: Frank is buried at Fort Monroe, near Dera-Ghazi-Khan.
Mr. Gupta : When I go to that part of the country, I shall visit your brother's grave and write to
you.
Maggie: Will it be troublesome for you?
Mr. Gupta: No, Dera-Ghazi-Khan is not very far from my place.

94. Everybody is unique. If you ..........be) confident enough to break the shackles of uncertainty,
you will be successful. Don't brood over your past failures. If you ......... (fail) in the past, you
would learn lessons from it. If you ........ (pass) in all your attempts very easily, you would have
been satisfied with those successes and .
.. (sit) simply with those.

95. Edit the following passage.

'The Price of Flowers' are a story wrote by Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyay.
It speak about the selfless love of a fourteen year old girl towards her family.
The title indicates that though she sacrifices only a shilling, it have a far greater worth. The price
of flowers cannot be measure.

96. Report the following:

Ivan Ivanich said to Bourkin: "I left my brother early the next morning, and from that time on I
found it impossible to live in town. The peace and quiet of it oppress me."

97. Edit the following:

The team are planning to go for a retreat next week. Each member have their own was.
preferences for the venue, but none of them is willing to compromise. Everyone were asked to
provide their suggestions in writing.

98. Read the following passage and edit the errors, if any.
The Postal Assistant was feed up with the silly nature of the customers. She is sure that the
foregin tourist would complaint against her. So, she left for the animal dispensary.

99. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of verb given in the brackets.
a) If water
(freeze), it will turn into ice.
b) If we had taken a taxi, we
(arrive) on time.

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100.
1.​ a) If it rains tomorrow,_____
2.​ b) If I had won the lotiery last year,____
3.​ Report the following.
Mr. Gupta: "How do you know that I am not a yogi, Maggie?
“Maggie: "Yogis do not eat meat."

Possible and Frequently Asked 5 or 6-Mark Questions (Based on PYQs)

1.​ The Serang of Renaganji by Dr. AJ Cronin (Character Sketch; Letter; Email etc..)
2.​ Live TV Report (based on Trip of Le Horla or Sacred Turtles of Kadavu)
3.​ News Paper Report, Letter to the Editor, Email, Profile etc, travel essay,
4.​ Questions from the first two units , From Serang of Renaganji and Price of Flowers,
Gooseberries, General questions about Technology, sleeping, walking.

Possible and Frequently Asked 8-Mark Questions (Based on PYQs)

(Mostly asked from Disaster and Disaster Management; And Then Gandhi Came; Travel
Essay ; Random Poem Appreciation)

1. Random Poem Appreciation (There may be or may not be connection with the poem you’ve
studied)

2. Write a detailed Travel Essay capturing the essence of your adventure.

3. "Non-violence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind, " stated Mahatma Gandhi.
Do you believe that non-violent protests are still effective in today's world? You are asked to
make a speech on this topic to present at the school assembly. Prepare the script of the speech
exploring the relevance of non-violence in a modern social scenario.

4.'Hopes and aspirations are what human beings live on'. In the story,
'The Price of Flowers', Maggie and Mrs. Clifford always hope for better things in their life. Mr.
Gupta helps them to anchor on to their hopes.
Write an essay on the treatment of hope and aspirations in the story,
'The Price of Flowers'.

5. "We haven't created a perfect society on earth and we won't have one in cyberspace either.
But at least we can have individual choice and individual responsibility". Based on this
statement from Esther Dyson's 'The Cyberspace', prepare a speech to be delivered on the topic
'Cyberspace - A World of Unlimited Scope and Hidden Dangers'.

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(Hints: Information -communication - entertainment - other services - lack of monitoring - war of
words - lack of privacy).

6. World Health Organisation opines that "Good Health is a state of complete physical, social
and mental well being, and not the absence of diseases." The unit 'Harmony of Life emphasises
this. Based on your study of the unit, prepare an article for your school magazine about 'Holistic
Concept of Health'.
[Hints : Pursuing one's dreams - self-satisfaction - good sleep - physical exercise - healthy food
- good social relationship)

7. In connection with the 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, an elocution competition
is being conducted for Higher Secondary Students.
Prepare a speech about 'Mahatma Gandhi and his thoughts' to be delivered there.
[Hints: Simplicity - strength of personality - power of thoughts - dreams about India]

8. The recent occurrences of flood and landslides in our state give us a warning that Kerala is
vulnerable to disasters. It is a reality that we cannot prevent disasters, but we can mitigate their
impact by proper management.
Prepare an essay on the 'Role of Local Communities in Disaster Management'.
[Hints: educate to manage - rescue measures - escape techniques - preventive measures -
planning - follow rules and regulations.]

9. Elaborate on the views of Nehru about Mahatma Gandhi in the lesson "And then
Gandhi Came".

10. Kerala State Disaster Management Department organises an essay competition for the
Higher Secondary Students on Disaster and Disaster Management. Write an essay for the
competition.

11. You visited a hill station during summer vacation. Write a travel essay to be published in the
school magazine.

12. In the poem "If", Rudyard Kipling describes the qualities of an ideal person. How far do you
agree with him ? What are your attributes of an ideal person?
Prepare an article on 'The Qualities of an Ideal Person'.

13. It is not surprising that this astonishingly vital man, full of self-confidence and an unusual
kind of power, standing for equality and freedom for every individual, fascinated the masses of
India and attracted them like a magnet.
Prepare a speech on the sublime qualities of the man mentioned above, to be delivered in a
Function planned in your school in connection with Gandhi Jayanthi Celebration.

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14. Next to flood, bloodshed caused by road accidents is the greatest disaster in Kerala. If flood
occurs occasionally, accidents occur frequently. No day passes without an accident in the state.
Kerala witnessed a higher number of road accidents in 2018 than in previous years.
Write an essay on how to avoid road accidents.
(Hints : Road accidents - man - made disaster - mostly human error - loss of lives - serious
injuries - ways to avoid - traffic rules - strict action by police, etc.)

15. Gandhi dreamt of an India which was free from intoxicating drinks and drugs. However, our
youth is increasingly addicted to these. What are the remedial measures required to create an
awareness about this and build an India as dreamt by Gandhi ? Write an essay.

16. For those who take travelling as a passion, "to travel, is to live. Do you think so?
Narrate any of your travel experiences.

17. "Travel, in fact, an eye-opener, ti opens up new, refreshing snapshots before us and often
helps us change our philosophy of life". Write a travel essay describing the travel experience
you had recently.
18. Elaborate on the views of Nehru about Mahatma Gandhi in the lesson "And then Gandhi
Came".

19. Self-confidence, self-reliance and determination determine the success of a person. The
story of the young seagull is an example. Write an essay on the need for these qualities to
overcome the challenges of life.

20. Gandhiji dreamt of an India in which all communities could live in perfect harmony.
What are your dreams about the future India ? Prepare a speech on the topic to your school
assembly on Gandhi Jayanthi.
[Hints : India political field - racial discrimination - casteism - superstition - technology
- advance in economic and scientific fields - defence - harmony among people]

21. The recent occurrences of flood and landslides in our state give us a warning that Kerala is
vulnerable to disasters. It is a reality that we cannot prevent disasters, but we can mitigate their
impact by proper management.
Prepare an essay on the 'Role of Local Communities in Disaster Management'.

22. The poem, 'Death the Leveller' undermines war heroism. Prepare the script of a speech on
the topic, 'War creates woes and not heroes' to be delivered in the school assembly in
connection with Hiroshima Day.

And Then Gandhi Came by Jawaharlal Nehru

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Gandhi’s Dreams:
“I shall work for an India in which the poorest shall feel that it is their country, in whose making
they have an effective voice, an India in which there shall be no high class and low class of
people, an India in which all communities shall live in perfect harmony.... There can be no room
in such an India for the curse of untouchability or the curse of intoxicating drinks and drugs....
Women will enjoy the same right as men” (And Then Gandhi Came by Jawaharlal Nehru)

Two-fold Action:
One action involved challenging and resisting foreign rule. The other action involved fighting
against our own social evils like untouchability and differentiation of social classes.

Gandhi’s Ideas:
Non-violence (Ahimsa)
Non-cooperation

The Essence of Gandhi’s Teaching: fearlessness and truth.

Other Key Points

●​ Before Gandhi’s arrival, India was in despair, and the people felt helpless under British
rule.
●​ Gandhi's entry brought a "fresh breeze" of hope and energy to the nation.
●​ He connected deeply with the masses, speaking their language and understanding their
struggles.
●​ He empowered even the poorest to join the freedom struggle, making the movement
inclusive.
●​ Abhaya’ means fearlessness. It does not mean just physical courage but the absence of
fear from the mind.
●​ The British ruled India through putting fear into people – fear of the army, the police, the
secret service, the official class, laws, prison, landlord’s agent, moneylender,
unemployment and starvation. Gandhi wanted to remove this fear
●​ He told the people not to be afraid. Fear builds its ghosts which are more fearsome than
reality itself
●​ Gandhiji was compared to a psychologist because he brought a psychological change in
people.
●​ Indian culture, according to Gandhiji, is neither Hindu nor Islamic but a fusion of all.
●​ Truths are relative and absolute truth is beyond us. Each person has their own way of
understanding the truth.

The Relevance of Gandhian Values in Today’s World

"You must be the change you wish to see in the world"– Mahatma Gandhi

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Mahatma Gandhi’s ideals of fearlessness, non-violence, and truth played a crucial role in India’s
freedom struggle and continue to guide humanity today. In "And Then Gandhi Came,"
Jawaharlal Nehru describes how Gandhi’s arrival transformed India’s political landscape, giving
people hope and strength. Even in the modern world, where conflicts, inequality, and injustice
persist, his principles offer valuable solutions to many pressing issues.

One of Gandhi’s greatest dreams was to build an inclusive and just society. He envisioned an
India where the poorest felt empowered, caste divisions did not exist, and all communities lived
in harmony. He strongly opposed untouchability, alcoholism, and gender discrimination, stating
that "women will enjoy the same rights as men." His vision is still relevant today, as societies
across the world continue to struggle with poverty, discrimination, and gender inequality. His
idea of true freedom was not just political independence but also social and economic upliftment
for all.

Gandhi’s movement involved a two-fold action. One part was aimed at challenging British rule
through non-violent resistance, while the other focused on eradicating social evils like
untouchability and class discrimination. His efforts to unite people across religions and
backgrounds are still significant in today’s world, where religious and racial intolerance often
lead to violence and division. His belief in equality and human dignity encourages us to fight
against all forms of discrimination and injustice.

The principles of ahimsa (non-violence) and non-cooperation were central to Gandhi’s strategy.
He believed that true strength lies in moral courage, not in weapons. His Non-Cooperation
Movement encouraged people to boycott British goods, institutions, and services, demonstrating
the power of collective action. Today, peaceful protests and civil resistance movements
worldwide continue to follow this path. Leaders like Martin Luther King Jr., Nelson Mandela, and
the Dalai Lama have drawn inspiration from Gandhi’s methods to fight against oppression and
injustice.

The essence of Gandhi’s teachings was fearlessness (abhaya) and truth. He taught that fear is
the greatest obstacle to freedom. Under British rule, fear was used as a tool of oppression—fear
of the police, army, laws, landlords, unemployment, and starvation. Gandhi aimed to remove this
fear from people's minds, empowering them to stand up against injustice. His message remains
relevant today, as fear and oppression still exist in many forms, from authoritarian governments
to economic exploitation.

Gandhi was also compared to a psychologist because he brought about a psychological

transformation in people. He believed that truth is relative and each individual understands it in
their own way. His idea of Indian culture was not purely Hindu or Islamic but a fusion of all
traditions, emphasizing unity in diversity. In a world where cultural and religious conflicts
continue, his ideas promote peace and harmony. His belief in dialogue and understanding can
help resolve global conflicts and foster cooperation among nations.

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Mahatma Gandhi’s values are not just historical concepts but timeless principles that remain
essential today. His messages of non-violence, fearlessness, truth, and unity can help address
global issues like war, discrimination, and inequality. As societies continue to face moral and
social challenges, Gandhi’s teachings serve as a guiding light for a more just and peaceful
world.

Disaster and Disaster Management by Anjana Majumdar

1. Definition of Disaster:
- A disaster is an event that causes great damage, destruction, and distress. It can be natural
(like earthquakes r floods) or human-made (like industrial accidents).

2. Types of Disasters:
- Natural Disasters: These include earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, droughts, and hurricanes.
- Human-Made Disasters: These are caused by human activities, such as industrial accidents,
oil spills, nuclear accidents, or war.

3. Disaster Management:
- Disaster Management refers to the process of planning and preparing for disasters to reduce
their impact, ensuring the safety of people and the environment.
- It involves four main phases:
- Mitigation: Taking steps to prevent or reduce the impact of disasters (e.g., building
earthquake-resistant buildings).
- Preparedness: Creating plans and systems to handle disasters when they occur (e.g.,
emergency drills).
- Response: The immediate actions taken to help those affected by the disaster (e.g.,
providing food, water, and medical help).
- Recovery:Restoring the affected area to its normal state (e.g., rebuilding homes and
infrastructure).

4. Importance of Preparedness:
- Being prepared can save lives. This includes having disaster plans, first-aid kits, and
evacuation routes in place.

5. Role of Government and Agencies:

- The government and disaster management agencies play a critical role in coordinating
disaster relief, providing resources, and managing recovery efforts.

6. Community Involvement:
- Local communities should be involved in disaster management. They can provide immediate
support and help in the recovery process.

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7. Technology in Disaster Management:
- Modern technologies, such as satellites, mobile phones, and social media, are crucial in
providing real-time information and coordinating relief efforts.

8. Disaster Awareness and Education:

- Public awareness and education about potential risks and disaster preparedness are
essential for minimizing the impact of disasters.

9. Vulnerable Groups in Disasters:

- Certain groups, such as children, elderly people, and people with disabilities, are more
vulnerable during a disaster. Special attention must be given to them in disaster planning and
relief efforts.

10. Environmental Impact of Disasters:

- Disasters not only harm people but also have severe environmental effects. For example,
earthquakes may lead to landslides, and floods can damage ecosystems, soil, and wildlife.

11. Climate Change and Increased Disaster Risk:

- Climate change is making some natural disasters, like floods, droughts, and hurricanes,
more frequent and intense. Addressing climate change is crucial for disaster risk reduction.

12. Disaster Management Cycle:

- The disaster management cycle is a continuous process that includes:
- Pre-disaster Phase: Preventive measures and preparedness activities.
- During Disaster: Immediate response and management of the situation.
- Post-disaster Phase: Recovery, rehabilitation, and rebuilding.

13. International Cooperation:

- Disasters often require international assistance. Countries and organizations need to
cooperate in sharing resources, expertise, and aid to help affected areas quickly and effectively.

14. Role of Media in Disaster Management:

- The media plays a critical role in informing the public about impending disasters, providing
updates during the event, and helping in spreading awareness about recovery efforts.

15. Disaster Relief Operations:

- Relief operations involve the provision of essential services like medical aid, food, shelter,
and clean water. Coordination between government bodies, NGOs, and international agencies
is crucial.

16. Disaster Recovery:

- Recovery is not just about rebuilding physical infrastructure. It also involves addressing
psychological trauma, providing support to displaced people, and restoring social and economic
activities.

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17. Impact on Economy:
- Disasters can have a long-lasting impact on a country's economy. The damage to
infrastructure, agriculture, and industries may lead to financial instability and hinder
development.

18. Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR):

- DRR focuses on reducing the risk of disasters by implementing policies and practices that
minimize their impact. It involves risk assessment, early warning systems, and building resilient
communities.

19. Role of Volunteers:

- Volunteers play an essential role in disaster management. They help with rescue operations,
distribute aid, and provide emotional support to the affected individuals.

20. Disaster Management Plans at the Local Level:

- Local disaster management plans should be developed in every community. These plans
include setting up emergency shelters, establishing communication networks, and training
community members in first aid and rescue operations.

21. Psychosocial Support:

- After a disaster, the psychological well-being of survivors must be addressed. Providing
counseling and support groups is essential for helping people cope with trauma and loss.

Titles

1. "Navigating the Storm: Understanding Disasters and Their Management"

2. "From Chaos to Control: The Role of Disaster Management"
3. "When Disaster Strikes: A Call for Preparedness and Resilience"
4. "Turning Tragedy into Triumph: The Power of Disaster Management"
5. "A World in Crisis: Managing Disasters with Hope and Action"
6. "Facing the Unpredictable: How Disaster Management Saves Lives"
7. "Resilience in the Face of Disaster: The Importance of Effective Management"

Quotes
1. "Preparedness is the calm before, during, and after the storm." – Anonymous
2. "Disasters teach us humility, resilience, and the importance of unity." – Anonymous
3. "The only thing harder than planning for an emergency is explaining why you didn’t." –
Unknown
4. "We cannot stop natural disasters, but we can arm ourselves with knowledge: so many lives
wouldn’t have to be lost if there was enough disaster preparedness." – Petra Němcová
5. "By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail." – Benjamin Franklin
7. "The greatest tragedy is not the disaster itself, but being unprepared for it." – Anonymous

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8. "Prevention is not just better than cure, it is the only cure when it comes to disasters." –
Anonymous
9. "Resilience is the ability to transform disaster into a stepping stone for growth." – Anonymous
10. "When disaster strikes, the time to prepare has passed." – Steven Cyros
11. “The whole purpose of disaster management is not to prevent these natural or man made
disasters but to mitigate their impact” -Anjana Majumdar (from text)

From Chaos to Control: The Role of Disaster Management

"By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail." – Benjamin Franklin”

A disaster is an event that causes widespread destruction, disruption, and distress, leading to
significant losses of life, property, and livelihood. Disasters can be either natural or
human-made. Natural disasters include earthquakes, floods, droughts, hurricanes, and
tsunamis, while human-made disasters stem from industrial accidents, oil spills, wars, and
nuclear accidents. Regardless of their origin, the impact of disasters is often devastating, both to
the affected communities and to the environment.

Disasters can be categorized into two main types: natural and human-made. Natural disasters
are those caused by natural forces. Earthquakes, floods, and volcanic eruptions are examples
that often result in large-scale loss of life and property. On the other hand, human-made
disasters are those caused by human actions, such as chemical spills, industrial accidents, and
nuclear explosions. These can have long-term environmental and health impacts, causing harm
to communities and ecosystems.

Disaster management refers to the process of reducing the effects of disasters through
proactive planning, preparedness, immediate response, and recovery. The goal is to minimize
loss of life, property, and resources during a disaster and to restore normalcy as quickly as
possible. Disaster management involves four main phases: mitigation, preparedness, response,
and recovery.

Mitigation involves measures taken to reduce the severity of disasters. These may include
constructing buildings that can withstand earthquakes, setting up flood barriers, or enforcing
strict industrial safety regulations. Preparedness is the process of planning and organizing
resources in advance to respond to disasters effectively. It includes making disaster
management plans, conducting mock drills, and training people in first aid and emergency
procedures.

The response phase focuses on the immediate actions taken when a disaster occurs. It involves
providing emergency relief such as food, water, shelter, and medical aid. The response phase is
critical in saving lives and providing urgent assistance to the affected population. After the
disaster, recovery efforts begin, which involve rebuilding infrastructure, restoring services, and
helping people return to their normal lives. Psychological support and financial assistance are
also key components of recovery.

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The role of the government is crucial in disaster management. Governments at all levels—local,
regional, and national—are responsible for coordinating disaster response efforts, providing
funding, and ensuring that adequate resources are available. Governments also work with
non-governmental organizations (NGOs), which often play a vital role in disaster relief by
providing food, medical care, and shelter. The partnership between the government and NGOs
can be highly effective in responding to emergencies and mitigating the effects of disasters.

Modern technology plays an important role in disaster management. Satellite technology,

weather forecasting systems, and mobile communication devices enable early warnings and
rapid response. For instance, weather alerts can give communities time to evacuate before a
cyclone hits. Similarly, social media platforms provide real-time information, which is crucial for
coordinating rescue operations and relief efforts. The media also plays a significant role in
disaster management by informing the public about potential risks, providing updates during the
event, and raising awareness about relief efforts. Through news broadcasts and social media,
the media helps to mobilize resources and volunteers, contributing to timely assistance for
affected communities.

Despite the best efforts, disaster management often faces numerous challenges. One of the
biggest challenges is the coordination between various agencies, governments, and local
communities. The availability of resources like food, water, and medical supplies can also be
limited during large-scale disasters. In addition, some disasters, like earthquakes and tsunamis,
are unpredictable, making it difficult to prepare in advance. Furthermore, vulnerable groups,
such as the elderly, children, and people with disabilities, require special attention during
disaster management.

In conclusion, disasters can have a devastating impact on both people and the environment.
However, with effective disaster management strategies that focus on mitigation, preparedness,
response, and recovery, the damage can be minimized. Governments, NGOs, communities, and
individuals must all work together to build resilience and be better prepared for future disasters.
As the world faces an increasing number of disasters, it is important to continue investing in
disaster risk reduction, technology, and public education to save lives and reduce the impact of
these catastrophic events.

Quotes related to Travel

1. "The world is a book, and those who do not travel read only one page." – Saint Augustine
2. "Not all those who wander are lost." – J.R.R. Tolkien
3. "Travel is the only thing you buy that makes you richer." – Anonymous
4. "To travel is to take a journey into yourself." – Danny Kaye
5. "The journey, not the arrival, matters." – T.S. Eliot
7. "Travel far enough, you meet yourself." – David Mitchell

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Travel Essay format

1. A Catchy Title
- Choose an engaging and relevant title that captures the essence of your journey.
- Example: A Walk Through History: My Visit to Jaipur

2. Strong Introduction
- Begin with an interesting hook (question, quote, or anecdote).
- Provide brief background information about the place and the reason for your visit.
- Example: As I stepped onto the sun-kissed streets of Jaipur, the scent of spices and the
echoes of ancient stories welcomed me. It should be in informal and conversational tone.

3. Vivid Description & Personal Experience

- Use sensory details (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch) to create a lively picture.
- Write in first person and use an engaging, natural tone.
- Include personal experiences, cultural interactions, and challenges you faced.
- Example: The towering Amer Fort, standing against the golden sky, felt like a gateway to the
past. The intricate carvings whispered tales of Rajput grandeur.

4. Reflection & Conclusion

- Reflect on what you learned or how the journey impacted you.
- End with a strong, memorable closing line.
- Example: As I left Jaipur, I carried not just souvenirs but a heart full of stories and a newfound
appreciation for India's royal past.

5. Language & Coherence

- Maintain a clear structure (Introduction, Body, Conclusion).
- Use correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation.
- Avoid unnecessary repetition and ensure smooth transitions between ideas.

Common sentences you can use in any travel essay:

Introduction:
- Traveling opens the door to new experiences,
cultures, and breathtaking landscapes.
Body Paragraphs:
- The natural beauty of [destination] was breathtaking, with [mention scenic features like
mountains, rivers, lakes, or forests].
Conclusion:
- "Travel leaves you speechless, then turns you into a storyteller," and my journey to
[destination] was truly a story worth sharing.

Travel Essay:
A Journey to Paradise: My Visit to Kashmir

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"The world is a book, and those who do not travel read only one page." – Saint Augustine

Kashmir, often called "Paradise on Earth," had always been on my travel bucket list. When I
finally got the opportunity to visit, I knew it would be an unforgettable experience. The
mesmerizing valleys, snow-capped mountains, and serene lakes made me feel as if I had
stepped into a painting. Our journey began in Srinagar, the heart of Kashmir, where we explored
breathtaking landscapes and embraced the rich cultural heritage of the region.

The journey to Kashmir was as exciting as the destination itself. We traveled by flight to
Srinagar, and from the moment we landed, the cool breeze and scenic beauty left us
spellbound. Our first stop was the famous Dal Lake, where we took a shikara ride. Floating on
the calm waters with the reflection of the Himalayas was a magical experience. The Mughal
Gardens, with their vibrant flowers and flowing fountains, were a treat to the eyes. We then
headed to Gulmarg, a paradise for adventure lovers. Riding the Gondola cable car to the
snow-covered peaks was exhilarating, and I even tried skiing for the first time.

Our next destination was Pahalgam, a place straight out of a dream. The Lidder River flowed
gracefully through the valley, and the lush meadows stretched endlessly. A pony ride through
the Betaab Valley gave us panoramic views of the majestic mountains. The locals were warm
and welcoming, and I enjoyed tasting the delicious Kashmiri kahwa and rogan josh. Every
corner of Kashmir had a story to tell, and I wished time would slow down so I could take in more
of its beauty.

As we bid farewell to Kashmir, I realized that this trip was more than just sightseeing; it was an
experience that touched my soul. The stunning landscapes, the peaceful environment, and the
hospitality of the people made it a journey to remember. Travel leaves you speechless, then
turns you into a storyteller," and Kashmir gave me a story worth sharing. I would recommend
this paradise to anyone who seeks nature’s wonders and a piece of heaven on earth.

Travel Information: One-Day Trip to Munnar

Destination: Munnar, Kerala

Organized by: [Insert Organizer’s Name]
Date: [Insert Date]
Duration: One day

Itinerary:
- 5:30 AM: Departure from [Starting Location]
- 8:00 AM: Breakfast stop at Adimali
- 10:00 AM - 12:00 PM: Visit to Tata Tea Museum
- 12:30 PM - 2:00 PM: Visit to Eravikulam National Park

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- 2:30 PM - 3:30 PM: Lunch at a local restaurant
- 4:00 PM - 5:30 PM: Sightseeing at Mattupetty Dam and Echo Point
- 6:00 PM: Departure from Munnar
- 9:00 PM: Arrival back at [Destination]

Key Highlights:
- Tata Tea Museum: A fascinating insight into the history of tea plantations in Munnar, including
tea processing demonstrations.
- Eravikulam National Park: Home to the endangered Nilgiri Tahr and breathtaking views of
rolling hills covered in lush greenery.
- Mattupetty Dam & Echo Point: A scenic spot offering boating opportunities and a natural echo
phenomenon that attracts visitors.

Travel Tips:
- Wear comfortable clothes and walking shoes for exploring hilly areas.
- Carry essentials like water bottles, snacks, and a raincoat, as the weather can change quickly.
- Follow safety guidelines while visiting the national park.
- Keep the environment clean and respect nature.

Conclusion:
This one-day trip to Munnar was a perfect blend of learning and adventure. From exploring tea
gardens to witnessing wildlife and enjoying scenic landscapes, the journey offered unforgettable
experiences. Munnar’s charm and tranquility made the trip truly memorable.

1-100 Detailed Answer Key

Questions 1 - 4)
1. Name of the poem: The lines are from the poem "Death the Leveller".
2. Name of the poet: The poet is James Shirley.
3. Meaning of 'Death’s purple altar': This phrase symbolizes the inevitable death that everyone
faces, regardless of their status or achievements. 'Purple' often denotes royalty or high status,
and 'altar' suggests a place of sacrifice, indicating that death is the great equalizer.
4. Figure of speech: The figure of speech used here is a metaphor. 'Death's purple altar'
metaphorically represents the concept of death as an altar where all are equal in the end.

(Questions 5 - 8)
5. The 'man' mentioned: The passage refers to Mahatma Gandhi.
6. His unusual power: Gandhi possessed an extraordinary ability to inspire and mobilize the
masses towards the cause of India's freedom, demonstrating immense charisma and
leadership.

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7. Word meaning 'full of energy': The word is vital.
8. The passage is from the lesson "And Then Gandhi Came" by Jawaharlal Nehru.

(Questions 9 - 12)
9. - "You should really trust your instincts and take the plunge; your wings are strong enough to
support you."
- "You ought to overcome your fear and embrace the skies; flying is in your nature."
10. Fill in the blanks:
(a) Eight miles is not a short distance.
(b) Cycling is a good exercise. Moreover, it helps you save money.
11. Questions to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam:
- What inspired you to pursue a career in aerospace and contribute significantly to India's
missile development?
- Could you share some advice on how students can cultivate innovative thinking and achieve
their goals?
12. Reported speech conversion:
Greta said that she had thought he could make real peaches, to which Dad responded that
she had to go to the store for those.

13. Passage correction:

In the end, our society needs to grow. Growing up means understanding that there are no
perfect answers. We haven’t created a perfect society on earth and won’t have one in
cyberspace either.

14.1) ‘I’ refers to Stephen Hawking.

2) His dreams were rather confused because before his condition was diagnosed, he felt bored
with life and lacked motivation.
3) His recurring dream was the idea of sacrificing his life to save others.
4) The word that means ‘released’ is ‘reprieved’ or ‘executed’.

15. [Link] brave commander of the ship is Captain Edward John Smith.
[Link] line that suggests the ideal quality of the captain is: "Thought not one moment, his own
life to save," This line highlights Captain Smith's selflessness and dedication to his duty.
[Link] poetic device used in this line is Personification and epithet, where the adjective "brave"
describes the noun "commander," emphasizing Captain Smith's courage.
[Link] top priority for rescue from the sinking Titanic was given to "The women and children
first," as indicated by the crew's cry and actions during the disaster.

16. Reported Dialogue:

Mrs. Clifford asked Mr. Gupta if he had seen that in the crystal. Mr. Gupta affirmed that he
had/[Link] said positively that he had seen.

17. Completing the Passage:

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Unfortunately, Stephen was ill at the time of the scholarship examination for Westminster;
therefore, he attended the local Saint Alban's School.

18. In these lines from the poem "If," Rudyard Kipling refers to Triumph and Disaster as
"impostors," suggesting that both success and failure are fleeting and deceptive experiences.
He advises treating them equally, implying that one should maintain composure and not be
swayed by either. This perspective emphasizes the importance of equanimity and resilience in
the face of life's ups and downs.

19. Edit the following passage:

Last year, I paid him a visit. I thought I'd go and see how things were with him. In his letters, my
brother called his estate Tchimbarshov Corner, or Himalayskoe. I arrived at Himalayskoe in the
afternoon.
20. In James Shirley's poem "Death the Leveller," these lines convey that after death, material
achievements and statuses fade away, but the righteous deeds of just individuals leave a
lasting, positive legacy. The metaphor "smell sweet and blossom in their dust" suggests that
virtuous actions continue to be remembered and honored, even after one's physical demise,
highlighting the enduring nature of moral integrity.

21. Questions 1-4: Answer ALL questions. Each question carries 1 scor

●​ 1. The excerpt is taken from the lesson: "The Trip of Le Horla."

●​ [Link] "We" refers to the narrator and the crew aboard the hot-air balloon

22.
1.​ Death’s Purple Altar: Metaphor.
2.​ Victor-Victim Oxymoron/Alliteration

4. The phrase "Death's purple altar" means: It symbolizes ‘Royalty, the grave or the place where
all, regardless of their earthly victories, ultimately meet their end, highlighting death as the great
equalizer.
23. To be unique, one should:
Identify and nurture personal talents and passions, allowing them to guide one's pursuits.
Embrace individuality by thinking independently and not succumbing to societal pressures.
Continuously seek knowledge and self-improvement, fostering a distinctive perspective and skill
set.
24. Maggie told Mr. Gupta that she had heard there were many people in India who had occult
powers and that they were called yogis.
25. It is of course a miracle that Hawking has been able to achieve everything he has; and, he
is still alive. However, when you experience his intelligence and humour, you begin to take his
problems no more seriously than he seems to himself.
26. [Link] speaker is Ivan Ivanich, a character from Anton Chekhov's short story "Gooseberries."
[Link] excerpt is taken from the lesson "Gooseberries" by Anton Chekhov.

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27. The "awfully grand" scene refers to the sinking of the Titanic. Even as the ship was going
down, the band continued to play, and the crew showed great bravery, ensuring that women and
children were saved first.
Chapter:The Wreck of the Titanic
Poet: Benjamin Peck Keith
28. The speaker had this experience while traveling on a subway. After a long time of feeling
disconnected, they suddenly noticed the people around them, which made them feel a little
more connected to society again.
Chapter:Is Society Dead?
Author: Andrew Sullivan

29. It is a very melodious song.

[Link]: Where does Greta want a bowl?
31. Something in the modern psyche loves new frontiers. We hanker for wide-open spaces; we
like to explore; we like to make rules instead of following them.
[Link] poet emphasizes the exceptional bravery demonstrated by the Titanic's crew during the
tragic sinking. Despite facing imminent peril, these men upheld their duty, assisting passengers
and striving to maintain order amidst chaos. Their actions exemplify noble and true courage,
serving as a testament to human resilience and selflessness in the face of disaster.
This portrayal serves as a poignant reminder of the sacrifices made by the crew, honoring their
legacy and inspiring future generations to value duty and bravery.

33. [Link] given excerpt is from the lesson "His First Flight" by Liam O'Flaherty.
[Link] this passage, the young seagull, hesitant to fly, paces nervously along the ledge, seeking a
way to reach his parents without taking flight. His reluctance stems from fear, contrasting with
his siblings who have already mastered flying. This scenario highlights the universal struggle of
overcoming fear to embrace new challenges.

34. The provided excerpt is from Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem "Sunrise on the Hills."
a.​ In this context, "they" refers to the clouds. The poet describes how these clouds gather
around the midsection of the wooded hill, illuminated by the morning light.
b.​ The last line employs a simile, comparing the appearance of the clouds to "hosts in
battle overthrown." This comparison suggests that the clouds, in their fading splendor,
resemble defeated armies sprawled across a battlefield.

35. a) (The phrase "Each of the players" emphasizes individuality within the group. In English,
when "each" precedes a plural noun, it is treated as a singular subject, requiring a singular
verb.) Correct sentence: Each of the players has a specific role to play.

b) When subjects are connected by "either...or," the verb should agree with the subject closest
to it. In this case, "his assistants" is plural and nearest to the verb, so a plural verb)
Correct sentence: Either the manager or his assistants have made a decision.
36. a) Would you mind if I took the book for you?
b) If my little brother had not come with us, I would have boarded bus.

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37.a. In this excerpt from "His First Flight" by Liam O'Flaherty, 'she' refers to the young seagull's
mother. She plays a pivotal role in encouraging her hesitant offspring to take his first flight by
using food as motivation
[Link] young seagull was initially fearful of flying, leading to his reluctance to leave the safety of
the ledge. His mother, recognizing his hunger and hesitation, devised a plan to encourage him.
She approached him with a piece of fish, deliberately staying just out of his reach. Driven by
intense hunger and the instinct to survive, the seagull lunged toward the fish, inadvertently
launching himself into flight. This desperate act led to the discovery of his innate ability to fly,
overcoming his initial fears.

38. In developing countries, only 30% of the buildings are constructed in accordance with the
regulations laid down for ensuring safety and security. Moreover, the lack of a master plan and
the inferior quality of materials used for construction also aggravate the casualties arising out of
disasters. Therefore, both private and public buildings should be constructed according to the
guidelines prescribed by law. Similarly, constructions should strictly adhere to the master plan
approved by the authorities.

Explanation of Word Choices:

in accordance: This phrase means "in agreement with" or "following" specific guidelines or
regulations. It's used here to indicate that only 30% of buildings comply with safety and security
regulations.
Moreover: This conjunctive adverb is used to add information, emphasizing that, in addition to
low compliance, other factors like the lack of a master plan and poor-quality materials worsen
the situation.
Therefore: This word indicates a logical consequence. Given the issues mentioned, it follows
that buildings should adhere to legal guidelines.
Similarly: This word is used to draw a parallel

39.
●​ Social networking sites collect and store vast amounts of personal data without users'
full awareness.
●​ Many platforms share user information with third parties, risking privacy breaches.
●​ Hacking and data leaks expose private details to unauthorized individuals.
●​ Once shared, personal content remains online and can be misused.
40. In the poem "Death, the Leveller" by James Shirley, the expression "cold tomb" symbolizes
the grave, representing the final resting place where all individuals, regardless of their social
status or achievements, are laid to rest. The adjective "cold" emphasizes the lifelessness and
the absence of warmth associated with death, highlighting the inevitable end that all humans
face.

41. The lines from Shirley's poem convey the theme of the inevitability and impartiality of death.
They suggest that earthly distinctions—such as power, wealth, and honor—are transient and
ultimately insignificant in the face of mortality. While everyone must succumb to death ("Your

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heads must come to the cold tomb"), the poet asserts that the virtuous deeds of just individuals
endure beyond their physical demise ("Only the actions of the just smell sweet and blossom in
their dust"). This metaphor implies that righteous actions leave a lasting, positive legacy,
symbolically blossoming even after one's death, and are remembered and cherished by the
living. Thus, the poem encourages readers to pursue justice and virtue, as these are the
qualities that transcend the finality of death.

42. ABCD Higher Secondary School celebrated Gandhi Jayanthi on 2nd October, 2014. The
school principal welcomed the gathering. The meeting was presided over by the PTA
president, and the local freedom fighter, Appu Asan, inaugurated the function.

42.1The pronoun 'I' refers to the narrator in the story "The Serang of Ranaganji" by A.J. Cronin.
[Link] phrase describes the young seagull's extreme hunger and reluctance to fly in "His First
Flight" by Liam O'Flaherty. The seagull's fear prevents him from flying to obtain food, leading to
a desperate situation where he feels as though consuming food is akin to consuming a part of
himself.
3. The Titanic is remembered for its tragic sinking on its maiden voyage in 1912, symbolizing
human ambition and vulnerability. The disaster serves as a poignant reminder of the limits of
technological advancement and the enduring tales of heroism and loss associated with the
event.

4. In Rudyard Kipling's poem "If—," this line emphasizes the virtue of patience, encouraging
individuals to remain steadfast and composed while awaiting outcomes without succumbing to
frustration or fatigue.

[Link] James Shirley's poem "Death the Leveller," it is asserted that only the just actions of
individuals endure beyond death, leaving a lasting legacy that outlives their mortal existence.

6. a)This phrase refers to the expansive sky or firmament or rainbow

b) Sunrise.

7. Powerful current of fresh air.

A Beam of Light Piercing the Darkness
Emerging from the masses

8. - Physical Health: Adequate sleep supports bodily functions, strengthens the immune system,
and promotes healing and recovery.
- Mental Well-being: Quality sleep enhances cognitive functions, improves mood, and
reduces stress, contributing to overall mental health.

43. In Rudyard Kipling's poem "If—," the line "And never breathe a word about your loss"
advises maintaining composure and resilience in the face of unexpected losses. Kipling
emphasizes the importance of accepting setbacks with grace and dignity, without complaint or

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dwelling on misfortunes. This stoic approach reflects the Victorian-era virtue of emotional
restraint, encouraging individuals to focus on moving forward rather than lamenting past losses.

44. Complete the sentence correctly:

a) One should do one's duty for one's country
b) If I were you, I would buy a new one.
(Explanation:In conditional sentences expressing hypothetical situations contrary to fact, the
past subjunctive "were" is used with "I," and "would" is used in the main clause. Therefore, "If I
were you, I would buy a new one")
45. a. The teacher asked Meera why she was late. Meera replied that she had overslept.
[Link] dog is a very faithful animal.
What a faithful animal the dog is!
46. In the opening lines of James Shirley's poem "Death the Leveller," the poet asserts that "The
glories of our blood and state / Are shadows, not substantial things." Here, Shirley employs a
metaphor to convey the fleeting and insubstantial nature of human achievements and social
status. By comparing these "glories" to "shadows," he emphasizes their lack of permanence and
real substance.
This perspective serves as a poignant reminder of the transitory nature of worldly success and
the universal reality of death. Shirley's metaphor encourages readers to reflect on the true value
of their pursuits, suggesting that only virtuous actions endure beyond the grave, while superficial
honors fade like shadows.

[Link] Media Do's:

1.- Regularly update your privacy settings to control who can access your personal information.
-Interact courteously with others, fostering a positive online environment.
Social Media Don'ts:

1. -Don’t share personal details

-Don’t post sensitive personal details that could compromise your safety.
-Don't Engage in Online Arguments

48.
1. The phrase "Death's purple altar" metaphorically represents the concept of death as an
inevitable and impartial force that claims all individuals, regardless of their status or
accomplishments. The color "purple" traditionally symbolizes royalty, nobility, and power. By
associating death with a "purple altar," Shirley suggests that death serves as a grand equalizer,
bringing both the mighty and the humble to the same end. The "altar" signifies a place of
sacrifice, implying that in death, everyone becomes a sacrificial offering, highlighting the
universality and inevitability of mortality.

2. Message conveyed by the lines:

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Shirley emphasizes the fleeting nature of earthly accolades and the futility of pride in one's
achievements. The "garlands," symbolizing honors and triumphs, "wither on your brow,"
indicating that such distinctions are temporary and lose significance over time. The admonition
to "boast no more your mighty deeds" serves as a reminder that pride is futile in the face of
death. The imagery of the "victor-victim" bleeding upon death's altar underscores that both
conquerors and the conquered share the same fate. Ultimately, Shirley asserts that only the
righteous actions ("the actions of the just") endure beyond death, leaving a lasting, positive
legacy ("smell sweet and blossom in their dust").

[Link] Dr. Abdul Kalam was really a wonderful experience. Now, I feel very confident. He
said, "If you have a great aim and work hard with perseverance, you will succeed." His words
ignited my mind. If I had not attended the meeting, I would have missed the most inspiring
moment of my life.

50. Esther Dyson's observation that the modern psyche is drawn to new frontiers and prefers
creating rules over merely following them resonates with contemporary societal behaviors. In
today's digital age, individuals increasingly seek innovative platforms and technologies,
reflecting a desire to explore uncharted territories. This inclination is evident in the rapid
adoption of social media, virtual realities, and other online communities, where users often
establish their own norms and guidelines, embodying the spirit of rule-making rather than
passive compliance.

51. I prefer Ivan Ivanich over his brother, Nikolai Ivanich, in Anton Chekhov's "Gooseberries."
Ivan is a veterinary surgeon who values freedom and a close connection to nature, embodying a
romantic perspective that appreciates the virtues of rural life. In contrast, Nikolai becomes
consumed by materialistic desires, aspiring to landownership and noble status, which leads him
to adopt an authoritarian demeanor. Ivan's awareness of societal issues and empathy towards
the less fortunate highlight his moral depth. His critical view of his brother's pursuit of personal
happiness at the expense of broader social awareness resonates with contemporary
discussions on privilege and responsibility.

52. Then a monstrous terror seized him and his heart stood still. He could hear nothing, but it
only lasted a moment

53. Gupta asked the waitress if she knew the girl who had been sitting over there. The waitress
replied respectfully that she did not know her well but had noticed that she had lunch there on
Saturdays. Gupta then asked if she came on any other day. The waitress responded that she
never saw her on other days.

54. 1. What we do get from this? → What do we get from this?

2. to give your lives its own sound tracks → to give our lives their own soundtracks
3. to still the monotony of the comute → to still the monotony of the commute

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4. to listen more closely and carefully on music that can lift you up and can keep you go. → to
listen more closely and carefully to music that can lift you up and keep you going.
Corrected Passage:
"What do we get from this? The chance to slip away for a while from everydayness, to give our
lives their own soundtracks, to still the monotony of the commute, to listen more closely and
carefully to music that can lift you up and keep you going.

55.
1. The speaker is Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam.
2. Every youth wants to be unique.
3. The world around us is trying its best, day and night, to make us just like everybody else.
4. The word that means 'a period of ten years' is 'decade'.
5. The poem is *"Death the Leveller"* by James Shirley.

6. According to the poet, the glories of our blood and state* are not substantial things; they are
mere shadows.

7. The figure of speech in *"Death lays his icy hand on kings"* is **personification**, as death is
given human qualities by describing it as having an "icy hand."

8. An example of **metonymy** is *"Sceptre and Crown"*, which represent kings and their
power.

57. Try to use your phone wisely

●​ set time limits, take breaks,
●​ focus on more productive activities like reading, exercising, or spending quality time with
family and friends.
●​ Mobile phones are useful, but only when used in moderation. Let’s make sure they add
value to our lives rather than control them.

58. The poet, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, conveys the message that nature has the power to
inspire, heal, and uplift the human spirit. He suggests that if one seeks wisdom and strength,
they should turn to nature, as it teaches resilience and peace without sorrow or distress.

59. Edited Passage:

The young seagull was not confident about/in flying. It was his mother who helped him at last.
After making his first flight, he realized his strength.
60. 1. The 'man' mentioned in this passage is Mahatma Gandhi.
2. He has an unusual kind of power that comes from his self-confidence, belief in equality and
freedom, and his ability to inspire and attract the masses like a magnet.
3. The word that means 'full of energy' is ‘Vital'.
4. This passage is taken from the lesson "And Then Gandhi Came", written by Jawaharlal
Nehru.

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61. a. ‘Thee’ is the old form of the word (b) you.
[Link] poet calls sleep the "mother of fresh thoughts and joyous health."
[Link] poetic device used in the second line is metaphor, as "blessed barrier between day
by day" compares sleep to a protective barrier without using "like" or "as."
D. The rhyming words in the given lines are "wealth" and "health," and "day by day" and
"Thee."
62.a. You have a beautiful smile!
[Link] you treat triumph and disaster just the same, you will be a man, and the earth will be
yours.

63. Esther Dyson highlights several wonderful possibilities of cyberspace:

1. Private Email Conversations: Cyberspace facilitates private email exchanges, allowing
individuals to communicate directly and confidentially, similar to telephone conversations.
2. Information and Entertainment Services: It offers vast resources for information and
entertainment, enabling users to access a wide array of content, from educational materials to
multimedia entertainment.

64. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam believed that every individual is born unique, but societal pressures
often force people to conform. He urged the youth to break free from this tendency and embrace
their individuality. According to him, being unique means striving for excellence, thinking
independently, and nurturing one’s creativity instead of simply following the crowd.

To achieve this uniqueness, Dr. Kalam encouraged young people to set high standards for
themselves, take risks, and learn from failures. He believed that true success comes from
continuous self-improvement and dedication to one's passion. By being unique, individuals can
contribute meaningfully to society and lead a fulfilling life.

65. In his article Is Society Dead?, Andrew Sullivan refers to "iPod people" as individuals who
are constantly immersed in their personal digital world, isolating themselves from their
surroundings. They move through public spaces with earphones plugged in, disconnected from
real-life interactions and the world around them.

Sullivan criticizes this trend, suggesting that such people create their own private bubbles,
avoiding social engagement and missing out on spontaneous human connections. He argues
that while technology offers convenience and entertainment, it also contributes to a decline in
face-to-face communication and shared experiences in society.

66. Max Beerbohm, in his essay Going Out for a Walk, says that walking just for the sake of it is
not useful because it stops the brain from thinking properly. He believes that while walking is
good for health, it can disturb deep thoughts and ideas.

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He jokingly says that when people walk without any real purpose, their minds stop working as
well as they do when sitting still. Unlike some people who get new ideas while walking,
Beerbohm feels that he can think better when he is sitting comfortably. Through this, he shares
his funny yet strong opinion that walking is not the best way to think.

67. According to Rudyard Kipling in his poem If, one should face unexpected loss with calmness
and resilience. He advises that if a person loses everything they have worked for, they should
accept it without complaint and start over without being discouraged.

Kipling emphasizes that true strength lies in not letting failure defeat you. Instead of mourning
the loss, one should have the courage to rebuild with the same dedication and effort, showing
determination and an unbreakable spirit.

68. The essence of Gandhi’s teaching was fearlessness and truth. He believed that truth (Satya)
was the highest principle, and one must always stand by it, no matter the consequences. To
uphold truth, a person must be fearless, as fear leads to dishonesty and injustice.

According to Gandhi, true freedom comes when individuals overcome fear—whether it is fear of
oppression, failure, or even death. He encouraged people to speak the truth boldly and resist
injustice through non-violent means. For him, truth and fearlessness were deeply connected, as
only a fearless person could remain committed to truth in all situations.

69. The lines suggest that power, wealth, and noble birth are temporary and insignificant in the
face of [Link] so-called "glories" of status and lineage are mere illusions, like shadows,
without any real substance. No matter how powerful or rich a person is, they cannot escape
their destiny.

The phrase "There is no armour against fate" means that no protection, strength, or influence
can shield a person from death. Fate is inevitable, and every human being, regardless of their
position in society, must face it.

70. Figure of Speech:

The line "Death lays its icy hand on kings" is an example of Personification. Here, death is given
human qualities, as if it has hands and can physically touch people. The phrase "icy hand"
symbolizes the cold and inescapable nature of death, emphasizing that even the most powerful
individuals cannot avoid it.
71. Five kilometres is not a short distance.
(Explanation: "Five kilometres" is considered a singular unit of measurement, so the singular
verb "is" is used.)
72. If I had tried again, I could have solved the problem.
(Explanation: This sentence is a third conditional (past hypothetical) statement. The correct
structure is: If + past perfect, + subject + could have + past participle.)

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73. Passive Voice:
Dr. Cronin was assisted by Hasan to help the patients.
74. The Two Impostors:
The two impostors mentioned in Rudyard Kipling’s poem If are Triumph and Disaster. Kipling
calls them impostors because both success (Triumph) and failure (Disaster) are temporary
and should be treated with the same level-headed attitude.
75. During the Covid-19 pandemic, cyberspace became essential in many ways. Two important
uses were:
1. Online Education– Schools and colleges conducted virtual classes, ensuring that students
could continue their studies from home.
2. Digital Communication – People used video calls, social media, and messaging apps to
stay connected with family, friends, and colleagues while maintaining social distancing.

76. [Link] two impostors, according to the poet, are Triumph and Disaster. Kipling calls them
impostors because both success (Triumph) and failure (Disaster) are temporary and should be
treated with the same balanced mindset.
[Link] represent dishonest and deceitful people who twist the truth for their own benefit,
misleading others and causing harm.
c. The poet conveys the message of emotional resilience and balance. One should dream
but not be controlled by dreams, think but not be lost in thoughts, and treat both success and
failure equally. He also advises remaining strong even when others distort one’s words or when
one’s hard work seems to be destroyed. True strength lies in rebuilding and moving forward
despite challenges.
d. Identify the figure of speech in the phrase ‘Triumph and Disaster’.
The figure of speech used is Personification, as Triumph and Disaster are treated as human-like
figures (impostors) who deceive people by making them overly happy or sad.

77. In A.J. Cronin's "The Serang of Ranaganji," the remark "the animals were all outside"
reflects the author's observation that the true uncivilized behavior was exhibited by some of the
passengers, not the crew members. Despite facing a smallpox outbreak on the ship, the Indian
crew, led by the serang Hasan, displayed remarkable courage, discipline, and compassion. In
contrast, certain passengers, such as Madge Jope-Smith, exhibited arrogance and insensitivity,
highlighting a lack of empathy and moral integrity. This contrast underscores the idea that true
civility is determined by one's actions and character, rather than social status or appearance.

78. Achieving quality sleep is vital for maintaining overall health and ensuring optimal brain
function.
1. Maintain a Consistent Sleep Schedule: Going to bed and waking up at the same time every
day, including weekends, helps regulate your body's internal clock, making it easier to fall
asleep and wake up naturally.
2. Create a Relaxing Pre-Bedtime Routine: Engage in calming activities before bedtime, such
as reading, taking a warm bath, or practicing relaxation exercises. This signals to your body that
it's time to wind down, facilitating a smoother transition to sleep.

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79.a. One of the sheep _has_ a bell on its neck.
Explanation: The subject "One" is singular; therefore, the verb should also be singular ("has").
b. The teacher, together with the students, _has_ come.
Explanation:The phrase "together with the students" is a parenthetical element. The main
subject "The teacher" is singular, so the verb should be singular ("has").
c. Neither the teacher nor the students _have_ gone for a walk.
Explanation: When subjects are joined by "neither...nor," the verb agrees with the subject
closest to it. Here, "students" is plural, so the verb should be plural ("have").
d. If you invite her, she _will_ come.
Explanation: This is a first conditional sentence, indicating a real possibility in the future. The
structure is: "If" + present simple, "will" + base verb.

80.
Do's:
-Research your destination thoroughly.
- Set a realistic budget and adhere to it.
Don'ts:
- Don’t overpack; pack only essentials.
- Don't leave packing to the last minute.

81. The lines convey the message that nature has a healing and comforting power. When one is
burdened with sorrow and struggles, spending time in nature can provide relief, inspiration, and
inner peace. Nature remains calm and beautiful, offering solace and strength to those who seek
it.

82. a) escaped
b) walked
c) is wearing
d) is falling

83. [Link] narrator feels solaced by the Serang’s calm and composed presence. His silent
meditation, folded arms, and unwavering dedication to helping the sick provide comfort and
reassurance in the distressing situation.
b. What is the figure of speech used in the expression 'motionless as a statue'?
The figure of speech used is simile, as it directly compares the Serang’s stillness to that of a
statue using the word 'as.'
c.​ "his long arms folded on his bare chest"
- "motionless as a statue
d.​ 'give assistance or aid to'. The word is succour.

84. Correct answer:

a."If I get a first, I shall go to Cambridge." (First conditional: If + present simple → will/shall +
verb)
b. Correct answer: "If I were young, I would follow my dreams as you did."

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85. I asked Maggie what it was.
Maggie told/asked/requested me to come/go into the sitting room and (then) she would tell me.
(We can also give mark if the student writes any correct/meaningful sentence with the reporting
verb ‘replied’ since the question paper contains that word).

86. Hawking joined University College, his father's college and the oldest at Oxford.
(a) But for about a year and a half, he was lonely and bored.
- Explanation: But is used here to contrast two ideas: although he joined a prestigious college,
he did not enjoy his time initially.
(b) Nevertheless, halfway through his second year, he began enjoying Oxford.
- Explanation: Nevertheless is used to show that despite feeling lonely and bored earlier, he
eventually started enjoying his time at Oxford. It emphasizes a shift from a negative experience
to a positive one.

87. "Hawking was confident that he could get through successfully, but he ended up on the
borderline between a First and a Second."

88. In If, Rudyard Kipling emphasizes that one should maintain an unwavering and balanced
attitude toward both success and failure. He personifies them as "two impostors" and advises
that neither triumph nor disaster should overly affect a person. Kipling suggests that true
maturity and resilience come from treating both experiences equally, without being overly elated
by success or disheartened by failure. This perspective reflects emotional stability,
self-discipline, and wisdom—key qualities of an ideal person according to the poem.

89. Science and technology play a crucial role in disaster management by improving
preparedness, response, and recovery efforts. Here are some key roles they play:

1. Early Warning Systems – Advanced technologies like satellites, sensors, and AI-based
forecasting help detect and predict disasters such as cyclones, earthquakes, and tsunamis,
allowing timely evacuation and risk reduction.
2. Communication and Information Dissemination– Mobile networks, satellite communication,
and emergency broadcasting systems help spread critical information quickly during disasters.
3. Geospatial and Remote Sensing Technology – GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and
remote sensing help map disaster-prone areas, assess damage, and plan rescue operations
efficiently.
4. Search and Rescue Operations – Drones, robotics, and thermal imaging help locate victims
and deliver essential supplies in disaster-hit areas.
5. Disaster-Resistant Infrastructure – Engineering advancements contribute to building
earthquake-resistant buildings, flood barriers, and other resilient infrastructure to minimize
damage.
6. Medical and Relief Support – Telemedicine, portable medical devices, and AI-driven
diagnostics aid in providing quick healthcare assistance to affected people.
7. Data Analysis and Risk Assessment – Big data and AI analyze historical disaster patterns to
improve disaster response strategies and preparedness plans.

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By integrating scientific advancements with disaster management strategies, the impact of
natural and man-made disasters can be significantly reduced, saving lives and resources.

90. In these lines from To Sleep, the poet personifies sleep as a "blessed barrier" that separates
one day from another, providing a much-needed break from the worries and exhaustion of life.
Sleep is described as a "dear mother" because it nurtures the mind and body, refreshing a
person with "fresh thoughts" and restoring "joyous health." This highlights the essential role of
sleep in maintaining mental clarity, emotional well-being, and physical health. The poet
emphasizes that sleep is not just a necessity but a source of renewal and rejuvenation.

91. Edited Passage:

Manipur is a land of several possibilities, especially for adventurous activities. The topography
of Manipur offers opportunities for caving, rafting, paragliding, rock climbing, and windsurfing.
Shirui Hills is one of the most famous treks in Manipur, and nature lovers throng the roads
leading to the range during the Shirui Lily Festival.
Errors and Corrections:
1. "possibility" → "possibilities" (Plural form needed for multiple opportunities)
2. "offer" → "offers" (Singular subject "topography" requires singular verb)
3. "paragliding" → missing comma** (Comma added for consistency in the list)
4. "wind surfing" → "windsurfing"** (Correct spelling as a single word)
5. "throngs" → "throng" (Plural subject "nature lovers" requires plural verb)
6. "leading in the range" → "leading to the range"** (Correct preposition usage)

92. In Sunrise on the Hills, H. W. Longfellow admires the beauty and serenity of nature. The
"sweet look" refers to the peaceful and uplifting appearance of nature, which remains untouched
by human sorrow. The poet finds comfort in the woods and hills, where nature radiates joy and
tranquility. The landscape, bathed in golden sunlight, remains ever fresh and welcoming,
offering solace to those who seek refuge in its beauty.

Use of Imagery in ‘Sunrise on the Hills’

Longfellow’s poem Sunrise on the Hills is rich in vivid imagery that brings the beauty of nature to
life. The poet uses visual imagery to describe the rising sun casting golden light over the hills,
the auditory imagery of birds singing and winds whispering, and the kinesthetic imagery of
waves moving in the distance. Through these descriptions, he paints a picture of a serene and
divine landscape, evoking a sense of peace and harmony. The imagery not only enhances the
beauty of the poem but also conveys the idea that nature has a soothing and restorative power,
offering comfort to the human soul.

93. Maggie told Mr. Gupta that Frank was buried at Fort Monroe, near Dera-Ghazi-Khan. Mr.
Gupta assured her that when he went to that part of the country, he would visit her brother’s
grave and write to her. Maggie asked him if it would be troublesome for him. Mr. Gupta replied
that it would not be, as Dera-Ghazi-Khan was not very far from his place.

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94. Everybody is unique. If you are confident enough to break the shackles of uncertainty, you
will be successful. Don't brood over your past failures. If you failed in the past, you would learn
lessons from it. If you had passed all your attempts very easily, you would have been satisfied
with those successes and sat simply with those.

Explanation of Verb Forms:

1. "are" (Simple present) – Used in the first conditional to indicate a real possibility in the
present/future.
2. "failed" (Simple past) – Used in the second conditional to talk about an unreal or hypothetical
situation in the present.
3. "had passed" (Past perfect) – Used in the third conditional to talk about an unreal past
situation.
4. "sat" (Past participle) – Follows "would have been" in the third conditional to indicate the
consequence of the unreal past event.

96. "The Price of Flowers" is a story written by Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyay.

It speaks about the selfless love of a fourteen-year-old girl towards her family.
The title indicates that though she sacrifices only a shilling, it has a far greater worth.
The price of flowers cannot be measured.
Errors and Corrections:
1. "are" → "is" (Singular subject "The Price of Flowers" requires singular verb)
2. "wrote" → "written" (Past participle needed for passive voice)
3. "speak" → "speaks" (Singular subject "It" requires singular verb)
4. "have" → "has" (Singular subject "it" requires singular verb)
5. "measure" → "measured" (Past participle needed for passive voice)

96. Reported Speech:

Ivan Ivanich told Bourkin that he had left his brother early the next morning and that from that
time on, he had found it impossible to live in town. He added that the peace and quiet of it
oppressed him.
Edited Passage:
The team is planning to go for a retreat next week. Each member has their own way and
preferences for the venue, but none of them are willing to compromise. Everyone was asked to
provide their suggestions in writing.

Errors and Corrections:

1. “are" → "is" (Singular subject "team" requires singular verb)
2. "have" → "has" (Singular subject "Each member" requires singular verb)
3. "was" → "way" (Typo; "was" should be "way" for proper meaning)
4. "is" → "are" (Plural subject "none of them" requires plural verb)
5. "were" → "was" (Singular subject "Everyone" requires singular verb)

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97. The Postal Assistant was fed up with the silly nature of the customers. She was sure that
the foreign tourist would complain against her. So, she left for the animal dispensary.
Errors and Corrections:
1. "feed" → "fed" (Past participle needed for past tense)
2. "is" → "was" (Past tense to match the rest of the passage)
3. "foregin" → "foreign" (Correct spelling)
4. "complaint" → "complain" (Verb form needed, not noun)

99. Fill in the blanks with appropriate verb forms:

a) If water freezes, it will turn into ice. (First conditional – general truth, simple present + simple
future) b) If we had taken a taxi, we would have arrived on time. (Third conditional – past
hypothetical, past perfect + "would have" + past participle)

100. Sentence Completions: a) If it rains tomorrow, we will stay indoors. (First conditional – real
possibility, simple present + simple future)
b) If I had won the lottery last year, I would have bought a new car.(Third conditional – past
hypothetical, past perfect + "would have" + past participle)

101. Reported Speech:

Mr. Gupta asked Maggie how she knew that he was not a yogi. Maggie replied that yogis did not
eat meat.

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