Lesson Note on Computer Programming Languages
Introduction
Computer programming languages are formal languages designed to communicate instructions to a
computer. These languages are used to create software, applications, and systems that operate on
computers and other digital devices.
Types of Programming Languages
Machine Language
The lowest-level programming language.
Consists of binary digits (0s and 1s).
Directly executed by the computer's CPU.
Example: 10110110 00001101.
Assembly Language
A low-level programming language.
Uses symbolic codes or mnemonics to represent machine-level instructions.
Requires an assembler to convert it into machine language.
Example: MOV AX, 1.
High-Level Languages
Easier to learn and use compared to low-level languages.
Requires a compiler or interpreter to translate into machine language.
Examples: Python, Java, C++.
Scripting Languages
Used to automate tasks or enhance the functionality of other programs.
Examples: JavaScript, PHP, Python.
Object-Oriented Languages
Based on the concept of objects, which combine data and methods.
Examples: Java, C#, Python.
Characteristics of Programming Languages
Simplicity: Easy to understand and use.
Portability: Programs can run on different platforms.
Efficiency: Produces fast and optimized code.
Readability: Easy to read and debug.
Error Handling: Provides mechanisms for handling errors effectively.
Examples of High-Level Programming Languages
Python: Used for web development, AI, and scientific computing.
Java: Popular for mobile and web applications.
C++: Commonly used in game development and system programming.
JavaScript: Mainly used for web development.
Importance of Programming Languages
Automation of Tasks: Reduces human effort.
Problem Solving: Enables solving complex problems efficiently.
Innovation: Drives technological advancements.
Career Opportunities: Opens doors to careers in software development, data analysis, etc.
WAEC Past Questions on Programming Languages
WAEC 2021:
Question: Define the term "programming language" and list three examples.
Answer:
A programming language is a formal language comprising instructions that produce various outputs
when executed by a computer.
Examples: Python, Java, C++.
WAEC 2019:
Question: State two differences between high-level and low-level programming languages.
Answer:
High-level languages are easier to read and understand, while low-level languages are machine-
oriented.
High-level languages require a compiler/interpreter, while low-level languages may require an
assembler.
WAEC 2020:
Question: Mention three advantages of using high-level programming languages.
Answer:
Easier to write and understand.
Portable across platforms.
Requires less knowledge of the underlying hardware.
WAEC 2022:
Question: List four features of object-oriented programming languages.
Answer:
Encapsulation.
Inheritance.
Polymorphism.
Abstraction.
WAEC 2018:
Question: Differentiate between a compiler and an interpreter.
Answer:
A compiler translates the entire program into machine language at once, while an interpreter translates
and executes line-by-line.
Practice Questions
Define "machine language" and explain its significance.
List four examples of high-level programming languages.
Compare and contrast assembly language and high-level language.
Explain the role of a compiler in programming.
This lesson provides a foundation for understanding programming languages and prepares students for
WAEC examinations.
