1. What does the Human Poverty Index (HPI) 7.

Standard of living refers to:

primarily measure?
a) Only income levels
a) Economic growth rates b) Only educational attainment
b) Deprivation in health and education c) Overall well-being
c) Industrial productivity d) Government policies
d) Foreign trade balances
8. Which is an example of a social development
2. Which term describes an economic strategy goal?
focused on domestic food production?
a) Increasing military spending
a) Food import dependency b) Expanding healthcare access
b) Food self-sufficiency c) Reducing corporate taxes
c) Agricultural globalization d) Privatizing industries
d) Commercial farming
9. According to the Harrod-Domar model,
3. Absolute poverty refers to: economic growth primarily depends on:

a) Income inequality within a society a) Government spending

b) Inability to meet basic survival needs b) Investment and savings
c) Temporary financial hardship c) Foreign aid
d) Relative deprivation compared to d) Population growth
neighbors
10. Who proposed the stages of economic
4. The Gini Coefficient is used to measure: growth model?

a) Economic growth rate a) Karl Marx

b) Income inequality b) Adam Smith
c) Population growth c) William W. Rostow
d) Employment rates d) John Maynard Keynes

5. Which of these is a primary measure of 11. According to Lewis's dual-sector model,

economic growth? surplus labor comes from:

a) Literacy rate a) Industrial sector

b) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) b) Service sector
c) Life expectancy c) Agricultural sector
d) Internet access d) Government sector

6. Life expectancy is an indicator of: 12. The Solow growth model emphasizes the
importance of:
a) Economic growth
b) Social development a) Population growth
c) Industrial output b) Technological change
d) Technological advancement c) Government intervention
d) Trade barriers
13. Which theory focuses on structural 19. A major challenge to agricultural
dependency between rich and poor nations? development in poor countries is:

a) Modernization theory a) Excess food production

b) Dependency theory b) Limited access to credit
c) Neoclassical theory c) High-tech farming dominance
d) Keynesian theory d) Over-urbanization

14. How does the World Bank define poverty? 20. The Green Revolution primarily focused on:

a) Lack of luxury goods a) Reducing industrial pollution

b) Lack of basic necessities (food, b) Increasing agricultural productivity
shelter) c) Expanding urban housing
c) High inflation rates d) Promoting tourism
d) Low stock market performance
21. Local farming in developing nations is best
described as:
15. Which is NOT a component of the
Multidimensional Poverty Index?
a) Large-scale commercial farming
a) Education b) Small-scale subsistence farming
b) Health c) Fully automated farming
c) Unemployment rate d) Import-dependent farming
d) Living standards
22. Which is NOT a strategy to improve
agricultural productivity?
16. A Gini Coefficient of 0 represents:

a) Irrigation improvements
a) Perfect inequality
b) Reducing farmer education
b) Perfect equality
c) High-yield crop varieties
c) Moderate inequality
d) Mechanization
d) Extreme poverty

23. Which sector dominates many developing

17. Which country typically has a high Gini
economies?
Coefficient, indicating significant inequality?

a) Sweden a) Technology
b) Agriculture
b) Japan
c) Banking
c) United States
d) Entertainment
d) Norway

24. A characteristic of economic development is:

18. What is most crucial for reducing poverty
according to development theories?
a) Growth with inequality
a) Military expansion b) Expansion with equitable distribution
b) Education and healthcare c) Decline in education
c) Stock market growth d) Increased child labor
d) Luxury goods production
25. The main focus of economic development is: 31. The graphical representation of income
distribution is called:
a) Maximizing corporate profits
b) Improving quality of life a) Gini Curve
c) Expanding military power b) Poverty Line
d) Reducing foreign trade c) Lorenz Curve
d) Development Graph
26. The migration of labor to urban areas is
called: 32. Strategies aimed at reducing poverty are
called:
a) Globalization
b) Urbanization a) Poverty alleviation
c) Industrialization b) Economic sanctions
d) Modernization c) Trade liberalization
d) Industrial policy
27. What challenge arises when farmers lack
access to modern equipment? 33. Relative poverty refers to:

a) Food surplus a) Absolute lack of resources

b) Technological gap b) Income inequality within a society
c) Overemployment c) Temporary financial hardship
d) Trade surplus d) Government welfare programs

28. Where did the Green Revolution first take 34.The term for movement of labor between
place? economic sectors is:

a) China a) Economic migration

b) India b) Structural transformation
c) Brazil c) Labor rotation
d) United States d) Workforce fluctuation

29. Which model describes the shift from rural 35. When agricultural production is insufficient,
to urban economies? it leads to:

a) Solow model a) Food surplus

b) Lewis dual-sector model b) Food insecurity
c) Keynesian model c) Trade imbalance
d) Marxist model d) Price stability

30. The term for countries with extreme poverty 36. Economic development particularly focuses
is: on:

a) Developed nations a) Economic equality

b) Industrialized nations b) Military strength
c) Developing nations c) Cultural preservation
d) Post-industrial nations d) Urban concentration
37. The Human Development Index (HDI) 42. A significant benefit of agricultural
includes: development is:

a) Life expectancy, education, income a) Increased urbanization

b) GDP, inflation, unemployment b) Improved food security
c) Industrial output, trade balance c) Reduced industrial output
d) Military spending, infrastructure d) Higher unemployment

38. The transition from traditional to modern 43. A consequence of rural-urban migration is:
economy is central to:
a) Improved rural infrastructure
a) Rostow's theory b) Pressure on urban services
b) Lewis's theory c) Increased agricultural output
c) Solow's theory d) Balanced population distribution
d) Keynes' theory
44. Land reform in developing countries
39. The key difference between absolute and typically involves:
relative poverty is:
a) Privatizing all farmland
a) AP measures survival needs, RP b) Redistributing land to reduce
compares incomes inequality
b) AP is temporary, RP is permanent c) Eliminating small farms
c) AP affects individuals, RP affects d) Encouraging foreign land ownership
nations
d) AP is urban, RP is rural 45. The first country to experience the Green
Revolution was:
40. A poverty trap refers to:
a) China
a) Temporary financial difficulty b) Mexico
b) Cyclical nature of economic c) India
recessions d) Philippines
c) Situation where poverty perpetuates
itself 46. The dual-sector model was developed by:
d) Government welfare programs
a) Walt Rostow
41. Agricultural modernization requires: b) Arthur Lewis
c) Robert Solow
a) Traditional farming methods d) John Maynard Keynes
b) High-yield crops and modern
techniques 47. Which is true about the Gini Coefficient?
c) Reduced education for farmers
d) Elimination of all subsidies a) Higher numbers indicate more
equality
b) Ranges from -1 to +1
c) 0 represents perfect equality
d) Is measured in monetary units
48. Food self-sufficiency means:

a) Relying completely on food imports

b) Producing enough food domestically
c) Eliminating all agricultural exports
d) Focusing only on cash crops

49. Which best describes technological gap in

agriculture?

a) Excess of modern equipment

b) Lack of access to improved tools
c) Over-mechanization of farms
d) Complete automation of farming

50. The Multidimensional Poverty Index

excludes:

a) Health indicators
b) Education indicators
c) Unemployment rates
d) Living standards