6.

THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

Synopsis :
1. The distance between the points (x1, y1, z1) and (x2, y2, z2) is .

2.
If A = (x1, y1, z1), B = (x2, y2, z2), the co-ordinates of point which divides AB in the ratio l:m
lx + mx1 ly2 + my1 lz2 + mz1 
internally is  2 , , .
 
l+m l+m l+m
3. The co-ordinates of the point which divides AB in the ratio l:m externally is
 lx2 − mx1 ly2 − my1 lz2 − mz1 

, ,

.
 l − m l − m l − m 
 x1 + x2 y1 + y2 z1 + z2 
4. Mid point of AB = , , .
 
 2 2 2 

5. The centroid of the triangle formed by the points

x +x +x y +y +y z +z +z 
(x , y , z ), (x , y , z ) and (x , y , z ) is 1 2 3 , 1 2 3 , 1 2 3 .
1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3  
 3 3 3 

6. The centroid of the tetrahedron formed by the points (x1, y1, z1), (x2, y2, z2), (x3, y3, z3) and
 x1 + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 y1 + y 2 + y 3 + y 4 z1 + z2 + z3 + z 4 
(x4, y4, z4) is  , , .
 4 4 4 

7. The line segment joining (x1, y1, z1) and (x2, y2, z2) is divided by
i) YZ plane in the ratio x1:x2
ii) ZX plane in the ratio y1:y2
iii) XY plane in the ratio z1:z2
8. If A = (x1, y1, z1), B = (x2, y2, z2), P = (x3, y3, z3) are the vertices of a triangle and BC = a, CA = b,
 ax1 + bx2 + cx3 ay1 + by2 + cy3 az1 + bz2 + cz3 
AB = c, then the incentre of the triangle ABC is , , .
 
 a+b+c a+b+c a+b+c 

9. If a directed line (ray) makes angle , ,  with positive directions of the axes of x,y and z
respectively the cos, cos, cos are called the direction cosines (d.c’s) of the line and these are
usually denoted by l,m,n.
10. Direction cosines of i) x – axis are (1,0,0) ii) y – axis are (0,1,0) iii) z – axis are (0,0,1)

11. If (l, m, n) are direction cosines of a ling OP and OP = r then the coordinates p are
(lr, mr, nr).
12. If the coordinates of a point P are (x,y, z) and OP=r then the direction Cosines of OP are (x/r, y/r/
z/r).

1
 Three Dimensional Geometry
13. If , ,  are the angles, made by a line with the positive direction of coordinate axes then cos 2 +
cos2 + cos2 = 1
14. If , ,  are the angles, made by a directed line with the positive directions of the coordinate axes,
then sin2  + sin2  + sin2 = 2.
15. If (a, b, c) are direction ratio of a line than
 
a b c
  are direction cosines of the line.
 , , 
a2 + b + c2 a + b2 + c a2 + b2 + c2
 2 

16. Direction ratios of the line joining the points A (x1, y1, z1), B (x2, y2, z2) are (x2–x1, y2–y1, z2– z1).
17. If l1, m1, n1 and l2, m2, n2 are real numbers then
(l12 + m12 + n 12) (l 22 + m 22 + n 22) – (l 1l 2 + m 1m 2 + n 1n 2)2 = (m 1n 2– m 2n 1)2 + (n 1l 2 – n 2l 1) + (l 1m 2–
l2m2)2
18. If (l1, m1,,n1 ) and (l2,,m2,n2) are direction cosines of two lines and  is an angle between then, then
cos = l1l2 + m1m2 + n1n2.
1 1 1
19. If a line makes equal angles with co-ordinate axes, then d.c.’s of a vector are  , , and
3 3 3

number of such lines passing through the origin is 4.

20. If (a1, b1, c1) and (a2, b2, c2) are d.c.’s of two lines and is the angle between the lines, then cos
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2
= .
a 2 +b 2 +c 2 a 2 +b 2
+c 2
1 1 1 2 2 2

21. If two lines are perpendicular, then a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0.

22. If l, m, n be the direction cosines of a line and P = (x1, y1, z1), Q = (x2, y2, z2). The projection of PQ
on a line is l(x2 − x1) + m(y2 − y1) + n(z2 − z1) .

23. If P = (x1, y1, z1), Q = (x2, y2, z2), then

i) The projection of PQ on x-axis is |x2 x1|.
ii) The projection of PQ on y-axis is |y2 y1|.
iii) The projection of PQ on z-axis is |z2 z1|.
24. If l1, m1, n1 and l2, m2, n2 are d.R.’s of a two lines, then the d.R.’s of a line perpendicular to these
-
two lines are m1n2 m2n1, n1l2 n2l1, l1m
2 2l m1.

25. If (l1, m1, n1), (l2, m2, n2), (l3, m3, n3) are d.c.’s of three mutually perpendicular lines, then d.R.’s of
the lines which makes equal angles with the three lines are l1 + l2 + l3, m1 + m2 + m3, n1 + n2 + n3
and each angle is Cos 1(1/ 3 ).

2
 Three Dimensional Geometry
26. Angle between any two diagonals of a cube is Cos–1(1/3).
27. Angle between one diagonal of a cube and a diagonal of one face is Cos-1( 2/3 ).

28. If l, m, n are d.c.’s of a line then the maximum value of lmn is 1/3 .

29. If     are angles made by a line with diagonals of a cube, then cos2 + cos2 + cos2 + cos2
= 4/3.

3
 3D GEOMETRY

OBJECTIVES

1. The direction cosines of the line which is perpendicular to the lines with direction cosines
proportional to 6, 4, –4 and –6, 2, 1 is
236 2 1 3
a) 2, 3, 6 b) , , c) ,1, 2 d) , ,3
7 7 7 3 3 2

2. Angle between the lines whose direction cosine is given by l + m + n = 0 = l2 + m2 – n2 is

 
a) b) c)  d)

6 4 2 3

3. The lines whose direction cosine are given by the relation a2l+ b2m + c2n = 0 and
mn + nl + lm = 0 are parallel if
a) (a2 – b2 + c2)2 = 4a2c2 b) (a2 + b2 + c2)2 = 4a2c2
c) (a2 – b2 + c2)2 = a2c2 d) None of these

4. If a line makes the angle , ,  with the axes, the value of sin2 + sin2 + sin2 is equal to
5
a) 1 b) c) 3 d) 2
4 2

5. Consider the following statements

Assertion (A): The points A(5, –1, 1), B(7, –4, 7), C(1, –6, 10) and D(–1, –3, 4) are the
vertices of a rhombus

Reason (R): AB = BC = CD = DA
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but A is not a correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true

6. If a line makes angle , , ,  with the four diagonals of a cube then

sin2 + sin2 + sin2 + sin2 is equal to
4 8
a) b) c) 2 d) 1
3 3
7. The point of intersection of the lines drawn from the vertices of any tetrahedron to the
centroid of opposite faces divide the distance from each vertex to the opposite face in ratio
a) 4:3 b) 3:1 c) 2:1 d) 3:2

8. If vertices of tetrahedron are (1, 2, 3) (2, 3, 5), (3, –1, 2) and (2, 1, 4) then its centroid is
c)  2,5,  d)  2, , 
7 5 7
 8 5 14   − 8 5 14 
a)  , ,  b)  , ,    
333  3 33   4  42

9. If P, Q, A, B are (1, 2, 5), (–2, 1, 3), (4, 4, 2) and (2, 1, –4) then the projection of PQ and AB
is
13
a) b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
4

10. The projection of a line on the axes are 2, 3, 6 then the length of line is
a) 5 b) 2 5 c) 7 d) Cannot determine

11. The distance of the point (–1, 2, 5) from the line which passes through (3, 4, 5) and whose
direction cosines are proportional to 2, –3, 6 is
4 61 2 74 2 37
a) 7 b) 5 c) 5 d) None of these

12. Let the coordinates of A, B, C are (1, 8, 4), (0, –11, 4), (2, –3, 1) respectively. The coordinate
of a point D which is foot of the perpendicular from A on BC is
a) (3, 4, –2) b) (4, –2, 5) c) (4, 5, –2) d) (2, 4, 5)

13. The coordinates of A, B, C are A(–1, 2, –3), B(5, 0, –6), C(0, 4, –1). The direction cosines of
the internal bisector of angle BAC are proportional to
a) 6, –2, 13 b) 21, 2, 2 c) 26, –4, 6 d) 25, 8, 5

14. Three lines with direction ratios 1, 1, 2; 3 −1, 4 and − 3 −1, 3 −1, 4 make

a) A right angled triangle b) An Isosceles Triangle

c) An equilateral triangle d) None of these

15. In three dimensional geometry 2x+ 3 = 0 represents

a) A straight line parallel to y–axis b) a plane parallel to yz plane
c) A plane perpendicular to yz plane d) Either (a) or (b)
16. The equation to the plane passing through P(2, 6, 3) and at right angle to OP, where O is
origin is
a) 2x + 6y + 3z + 49 = 0 b) 2x + 6y + 3z = 49
c) 2x + 6y + 3z= 47 d) 2x+ 6y + 3z + 47 = 0

17. If acute angle between the planes 2x + ky +z = 6 and x + y + 2z = 3 is , then k equals
3
a) –1 b) 1 or 17 c) –1 or 17 d) –17

18. Equation of the plane passing through the points (0, 0, 1), (1, 0, 1) and (1, –1, 0) is
a) x+ y + z = 1 b) y + z = 1 c) x + y = 1 d) y – z +1 = 0

19. Equation of the plane through the point (4, 5, 1) and its normal is the line joining the points
(3, 4, 2) and (1, 1, 1) is
a) 2x + 3y + z = 24 b) 2x + 3y + z + 24 = 0
c) 2x + 3y + z + 15 = 0 d) 2x + 3y + z = 15

20. The equation of the plane through the points (2, 2, 1) and (1, –2, 3) and parallel to the line
joining the points (3, 2, –2) and (0, 6, –7) is
a) 12x + 11y – 16z + 14 = 0 b) 12x – 11y – 16z – 14 = 0
c) 12x + 11y – 16z – 14 = 0 d) 12x – 11y – 16z + 14 = 0

21. Equation of the plane through the points (2, 2, 1) and (1, –2, 3) and parallel to z–axis is
a) 2x + y = 2 b) 2x – y = 2 c) 2x – y + 2 = 0 d) None of these

22. Equation of the plane that passes through point (–1, 1, –4) and is perpendicular to each of
the planes –2x + y + z = 0 and x + y – 3z +1 = 0 is
a) 4x + 5y + 3z = 11 b) 4x – 5y – z = 11
c) 4x– y – 3z = 11 d) 4x + 5y+ 3z + 11 = 0

23. Equation of the plane passing through the point (1, 2, 3) and parallel to the plane
x + 2y + 3z + 4 = 0 also passes through the point
a) (–4, –2, –3) b) (–4, 3, –2) c) (–4, 3, 2) d) (4, 3, 2)

24. Equation of the plane passing through the point (1, 2, 3) and perpendicular to the plane
x + 2y + 3z + 4 = 0 must pass through the point
a) (1, 0, 1) b) (0, 0, 0) c) (0, 0, –1) d) (1, 0, –1)
25. Equation of the plane passes through the line of intersection of the planes 2x + y –4 = 0 and
y + 2z = 0 and perpendicular to the plane 3x + 2y – 3z = 6 is
a) 2x + 3y + 4z + 4 = 0 b) 2x – y – 4z – 4 = 0
c) 2x + 3y + 4z – 4 = 0 d) 2x – y – 4z + 4 = 0

26. The plane x + y + z = 0 is rotated through right angle about its line of intersection with the
plane 2x+ y + 4 = 0 the equation of the plane in its new position is
a) x – z + 4 = 0 b) x + z + 4 = 0 c) x –z + y = 4 d) x – y = 4

27. The equation of plane passing through the point (1, 1, 1), (1, –1, 1) and (–7, –3, –5) is
perpendicular to
a) xy plane b) xz plane c) yz plane d) None of these

28. The equation of the plane passing through the point (–2, –2, 2) and containing the line
joining the points (1, 1, 1) and (1, –1, 2) is
a) x– 3y – 6z + 8 = 0 b) x– 3y– 6z – 8 = 0
c) 2x + 3y + 6z + 8 = 0 d) None of these

29. For what value of k points (–6, 3, 2), (3, –2, 4), (5, 7, 3) and (–13, k, –1) are coplanar
a) 13 b) 15 c) 0 d) 17

30. The direction cosine of the perpendicular to a plane from origin are proportional to
(3, 4, 5) and length of the perpendicular is 5 2 , the equation of the plane is

a) 3x + 4y + 5z= 1 b) 3x + 4y + 5z = 5 2
c) 3x+ 4y + 5z = 50 d) 3x + 4y + 5z = 25 2

31. Equation of the plane which bisects at right angles to the join of (1, 3, –2) and (3, 1, 6) is
a) x – y + 4z+ 8 = 0 b) x – y + 4z – 8 = 0
c) x – y + 4z – 12 = 0 d) x – y – 4z + 12 = 0

32. A variable plane passes through a fixed point (a, b, c) and meets the coordinate axis in
A, B, C. The locus of midpoint of the plane common through A, B, C and parallel to the
coordinate planes is
a) ax–1+ by–1+ cz–1 = 1 b) ax + by + cz = 1
c) ax–2 + by–2 + cz–2 = 1 d) None of these
33. Locus of the point, the sum of the square of whose distance from the planes x + y + z= 0,
x – z= 0 and x – 2y + z= 0 is
a) 6x2 + 4y2 – 6z2 + 3xy = 0 b) x2 + y2 + z2 = 54
c) x2 + y2 + z2 = 9 d) 2(x2 + y2 + z2) = 3

34. Equation of bisector of acute angle between the planes 7x + 4y + 4z + 3 = 0 and

2x + y + 2z + 2 = 0 is
a) x + y – 2z – 3 = 0 b) 13x + 7y + 10z + 9 = 0
c) x + y – 2z + 3 = 0 d) 13x + 7y + 10z –9 = 0

35. Distance between the parallel planes 2x– 2y + z + 3 = 0 and 4x – 4y + 2z–7 = 0 is

13
a) b) 1 c)
13
d)
1
12 6 6 12

36. Two system of rectangular axes have the same origin. If a plane cuts them at distances a, b,
c and p, q, r from the origin then
a) a–2 + b–2 + c–2 = p–2 + q–2 + r–2 b) a2 + b2 + c2 = p2 + q2 + r2
c) a + b + c = p + q + r d) abc = pqr

37. Area of the triangle whose vertices are (3, 4, –1), (2, 2, 1) and (3, –4, 3) is
a) 29 b) 32 c) 6 d) 7

38. Volume of the tetrahedron whose vertices are (2, 3, 2), (1, 1, 1), (3, –2, 1) and (7, 1, 4) is
47 1 7
a) b) c) d) None of these
6 2 2

39. The volume of the tetrahedron formed by the planes x + y = 0, y+ z = 0, z + x = 0 and

x + y + z = 1 is
a) 0 b) 1/6 c) 1/3 d) 2/3

40. Equation of the plane containing the line 3x + 4y + 6z –3 = 0 = 2x – 4y + z + 6 and passing

through the origin is
a) 2x + 3y + 4z = 0 b) 2x + y + 3z = 0
c) 8x + 4y + 13z = 0 d) None of these
41. The direction cosine of a line which are connected by the relation l – 5m + 3n = 0 and 7l2 +
5m2 – 3n2 = 0 are
−1 1 2 − 2 1 −1 1 2 3 1 −2 3
a) , , b) , , c) , , d) , ,
6 6 6 6 6 6 4 14 14 14 14 14

42. In 3 dimensional geometry ax + by + c = 0 represents

a) A straight line on xy plane b) a plane parallel to z–axis
c) A plane perpendicular to z–axis d) a plane perpendicular to xz plane

43. If ,  ,  be the angles which a line makes with the positive direction of co-ordinate axes,
then sin2  + sin2  + sin2  =

(a) 2 (b) 1
(c) 3 (d) 0
44. If the length of a vector be 21 and direction ratios be 2, – 3, 6 then its direction cosines are
(a) 2 −1 2 (b) 2 −3 6
, , , ,
21 7 7 77 7

(c) 2 3 6
, , (d) None of these
777

45. The point dividing the line joining the points (1, 2, 3) and (3, − 5, 6 ) in the ratio 3 : − 5 is
(a) 2, −25 , 3  (b) − 2, 25 , −3 
   
 2 2  2 2 
 25 3 
(c) 2, , (d) None of these
 
 2 2

46. If the co-ordinates of the points P and Q be (1, –2, 1) and (2, 3, 4) and O be the origin,
then
(a) OP = OQ (b) OP ⊥ OQ
(c) OP || OQ (d) None of these
47. Distance of the point (1, 2, 3) from the co-ordinate axes are
(a) 13, 10, 5 (b) 13 , 10 , 5

1 1 1
(c) 5 , 13 , 10 (d) , ,
13 10 5

48. If the points (–1, 3, 2), (–4, 2, –2) and (5, 5, ) are collinear, then  =
(a) – 10 (b) 5
(c) – 5 (d) 10
49. The projections of a line on the co-ordinate axes are 4, 6, 12. The direction cosines of the
line are
(a) 2 3 6
, , (b) 2, 3, 6
777
(c) 2 3 6 (d) None of these
, ,
11 11 11

50. xy-plane divides the line joining the points (2, 4, 5) and (– 4, 3, – 2) in the ratio

(a) 3 : 5 (b) 5 : 2
(c) 1 : 3 (d) 3 : 4
51. If the co-ordinates of A and B be (1, 2, 3) and (7, 8, 7), then the projections of the line
segment AB on the co-ordinate axes are
(a) 6, 6, 4 (b) 4, 6, 4
(c) 3, 3, 2 (d) 2, 3, 2
52. If the centroid of triangle whose vertices are (a,1, 3), (– 2, b, –5) and (4, 7, c) be the origin,
then the values of a, b, c are
(a) – 2, –8, –2 (b) 2, 8, –2
(c) –2, –8, 2 (d) 7, –1, 0
53. If a straight line in space is equally inclined to the co-ordinate axes, the cosine of its angle
of inclination to any one of the axes
1 1
(a) (b)
3 2

1 1
(c) (d)
3 2

54. If ,, be the direction angles of a vector and

14
cos  = , cos  = 1 then cos  =
15 3
2 1
(a)  (b)
15 5
1
(c)  (d) None of these
15

55. The direction cosines of a line equally inclined to three mutually perpendicular lines
having direction cosines as l1, m1, n1; l2, m2 , n2 and l3, m 3, n3 are
(a) l+l+l,m+m+m,n+n+ n l1 + l2 + l3 m1 + m2 + m3 n1 + n2 + n3
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 (b) , ,
3 3 3
(c) l1 + l2 + l3 m1 + m 2 + m3 n1 + n2 + n3 (d) None of these
, ,
3 3 3
56. A line makes angles ,  ,  with the co-ordinate axes. If  +  = 90 o , then  =
(a) 0 (b) 90 
(c) 180  (d) None of these
57. If a line makes the angle , ,  with three dimensional co-ordinate axes respectively, then
cos 2 + cos 2  + cos 2 =

(a) – 2 (b) – 1

(c) 1 (d) 2

58. If l1 , m 1 , n 1 and l2, m 2, n2 are the direction cosines of two perpendicular lines, then the
direction cosine of the line which is perpendicular to both the lines, will be
(a) (m1n2 − m2n1 ), (n1l2 − n2l1 ),(l1m2 − l2m1 )

(b) (l1l2 − m1m 2),(m1m2 − n1n2),(n1n2 − l1l2)

1 1 1
(c) , ,
l12 + m 12 + n 12 l 22 + m 22 + n 22 3

1 1 1
(d) , ,
3 3 3

59. The co-ordinates of a point P are (3, 12, 4) with respect to origin O, then the direction
cosines of OP are
(a) 3, 12, 4 (b) 1 1 1
, ,
432

(c) 3 , 1 , 2 (d) 3 12 4
, ,
13 13 13 13 13 13

60. The locus of a first degree equation in x, y, z is a

(a) Straight line (b) Sphere

(c) Plane (d) None of these

61. The projection of a line on a co-ordinate axes are 2, 3, 6. Then the length of the line is

(a) 7 (b) 5

(c) 1 (d) 11
62. A line makes angles of 45  and 60  with the positive axes of X and Y respectively. The angle
made by the same line with the positive axis of Z, is
(a) 30  Or 60  (b) 60  or 90 
(c) 90  Or 120  (d) 60  or 120 
63. If  1 1
, , n

are the direction cosines of a line, then the value of n is
2 3 

23 23
(a) (b)
6 6

2 3
(c) (d)
3 2

64. The direction cosines of the normal to the plane x + 2y − 3z + 4 = 0

1 2 3
(a) − 1 ,− 2 , 3 (b) 1 , 2 , 3 (c) −
1
,
2
,
3
(d) , ,
14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14

65. The number of straight lines that are equally inclined to the three dimensional co-
ordinate axes, is
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8

66. If O is the origin and OP = 3 with direction ratios −1, 2,−2 , then co-ordinates of P are

(a) (1, 2, 2) (b) (−1, 2, − 2) (c) (–3, 6, –9) (d) (−1 / 3 , 2 / 3, − 2 / 3)

67. If projection of any line on co-ordinate axis 3, 4, and 5, then its length is
(a) 12 (b) 50
(c) 5 2 (d) 3 2

68. If a line makes angles , ,  ,  with four diagonals of a cube, then the value of sin 2  + sin 2  +

sin2  + sin2  is

4
(a) (b) 1
3
8 7
(c) (d)
3 3
69. If a line lies in the octant OXYZ and it makes equal angles with the axes, then
1 1
(a) l = m =n = (b) l = m =n=
3 3

1 1
(c) l = m =n=− (d) l = m =n=
3 2

70. The equation of the plane passing through the point (–1, 3, 2) and perpendicular to each
of the planes x + 2y + 3z = 5 and 3 x + 3y + z = 0 , is
(a) 7 x − 8 y + 3z − 25 = 0 (b) 7 x − 8 y + 3z + 25 =0

(c) −7 x + 8 y − 3 z + 5 = 0 (d) 7 x − 8 y − 3z + 5 = 0

71. If a plane cuts off intercepts OA = a, OB = b, OC = c from the co-ordinate axes, then the area of
the triangle ABC =
(a) 1 1
b 2c2 + c2a2 + a2b 2 (b) (bc + ca + ab)
2 2
1
(c) abc (d) 1 (b − c)2 + (c − a)2 + (a − b)2
2 2

72. A plane meets the co-ordinate axes in A, B, C and (,  , ) is the centered of the triangle ABC .
Then the equation of the plane is
x y z x y z
(a) + + =3 (b) + + =1
     

(c) 3x
+
3y
+
3z
=1 (d) x + y + z = 1
  

73. Distance of the point (2,3,4) from the plane 3 x − 6 y + 2z + 11 = 0 is

(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 0
x y z
74. The plane + + =3 meets the co-ordinate axes in A, B, C . The centroid of the triangle
a b c

ABC is
a b c 3 3 3
(a)  , ,  (b) , , 
3 3 3 a b c

 1 1 1
(c) (d)
 a b c 
, , (a, b, c)
75. If O is the origin and A is the point (a, b, c) then the equation of the plane through A and
at right angles to OA is
(a) a(x − a) − b(y − b) − c(z − c) = 0
(b) a(x + a) + b(y + b) + c(z + c) = 0
(c) a(x − a) + b(y − b) + c(z − c) = 0
(d) None of these
76. The equation of the plane passing through the intersection of the planes x+y+z=6 and
2 x + 3y + 4 z + 5 = 0 the point (1, 1, 1), is
(a) 20 x + 23 y + 26 z − 69 = 0
(b) 20 x + 23 y + 26z + 69 = 0
(c) 23 x + 20 y + 26 z − 69 = 0
(d) None of these
77. The plane ax + by + cz = 1 meets the co-ordinate axes in A, B and C. The centroid of the
triangle is

(a) (3a,3b,3c) (b)  a , b , c 

3 3 3

(c)  3 3 3 1 1 1 
 , ,  (d)  , , 
 a b c  3a 3b 3c 

78. The equation of the plane through (1, 2, 3) and parallel to the plane 2 x + 3y − 4 z = 0 is

(a) 2 x + 3y + 4 z = 4 (b) 2 x + 3y + 4 z + 4 =0

(c) 2 x − 3y + 4 z + 4 = 0 (d) 2 x + 3y − 4 z + 4 = 0
79. In the space the equation by + cz + d = 0 represents a plane perpendicular to the plane

(a) YOZ (b) Z = k

(c) ZOX (d) XOY

80. A variable plane is at a constant distance p from the origin and meets the axes in A, B and
C. The locus of the centroid of the tetrahedron OABC is
(a) x −2 + y −2 + z −2 = 16 p −2 (b) x −2 + y −2 + z −2 = 16 p −1
(c) x −2 + y −2 + z −2 = 16 (d)None of these
81. If the given planes ax + by + cz + d = 0 and a' x + b' y + c' z + d' = 0 be mutually perpendicular, then
a b c
(a) a
=
b
=
c (b) + + =0
a' b' c' a' b' c'

(c) aa '+ bb '+ cc '+ dd '= 0 (d) aa '+ bb '+ cc ' = 0

82. The points A(−1,3,0) , B (2, 2,1) and C (1,1,3) determine a plane. The distance from the plane to
the point D(5, 7,8) is

(a) 66 (b) 71

(c) 73 (d) 76

83. If P be the point (2, 6, 3), then the equation of the plane through P at right angle to OP, O
being the origin, is
(a) 2 x + 6y + 3z = 7 (b) 2 x − 6y + 3 z = 7
(c) 2 x + 6y − 3z = 49 (d) 2 x + 6 y + 3 z = 49
84. Distance between parallel planes 2 x − 2y + z + 3 = 0 and 4 x − 4 y + 2z + 5 = 0 is

2 1
(a) (b)
3 3

1
(c) (d) 2
6

85. The length of the perpendicular from the origin to the plane 3 x + 4 y + 12 z = 52 is

(a) 3 (b) –4
(c) 5 (d) None of these
86. If the points (1,1, k) and (−3, 0,1) be equidistant from the plane 3 x + 4 y − 12 z + 13 = 0 ,then k=
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) None of these
87. If a plane meets the co-ordinate axes at A,B and C such that the centroid of the triangle is
(1, 2, 4) then the equation of the plane is
(a) x + 2y + 4 z = 12 (b) 4 x + 2y + z = 12
(c) x + 2y + 4 z = 3 (d) 4 x + 2y + z = 3
88. A plane  makes intercepts 3 and 4 respectively on z-axis and x-axis. If  is parallel to
y-axis, then its equation is
(a) 3 x + 4 z = 12 (b) 3 z + 4 x = 12
(c) 3y + 4 z = 12 (d) 3z + 4 y = 12
89. Distance between two parallel planes 2 x + y + 2z = 8 and 4 x + 2y + 4 z + 5 = 0 is

9 5
(a) (b)
2 2

7 3
(c) (d)
2 2

90. The angle between the planes 3x − 4y + 5z = 0 and 2 x − y − 2z = 5 is


(a) (b) 
3 2


(c) (d) None of these
6

91. The equation of the plane passing through (1, 1, 1) and (1, –1, –1) and perpendicular to
2 x − y + z + 5 = 0 is

(a) 2 x + 5y + z − 8 =0 (b) x + y − z − 1 = 0
(c) 2x+5y+z+4=0 (d) x−y+z−1=0
 3D GEOMETRY

HINTS AND SOLUTIONS

1. (b) Let l, m, n be the d.c. of required lines

Solving 6l + 4m – 4n = 0 and – 6l + 2m + n = 0 by cross multiplication, we have

l m n l m n
= = or = =
12 18 36 2 3 6

2 3 6
 d.c. are , ,
22 + 32 + 62 22 + 32 + 62 22 + 32 + 6

2. (d) Given l + m + n = 0 .............................................. (1)

l2 + m2 – n2 = 0 ............................................ (2)

Eliminating n from (1) & (2)

l2 + m2 – (–l – m)2 = 0 or lm = 0

Either l = 0 or m = 0 when l = 0 from (1) & (2)

m + n = 0 or m = n

m2 = n2 = 0

 d.c. or one line is 0, –n, n or (0, –1, 1) and when m = 0

d.r. of the second line is (1, 0, –1)

11 −1 0 −11

 cos = 
02 + (−1)2 + (1)2 12 + (0)2 + (−1)2

1 
= ,= or
2
2 3 3

3. (a) Given relation a2l+ b2m+ c2n= 0 ............................. (1)

mn + nl + bn = 0 ............................ (2)

Eliminating m from (1) and (2)

1 1
− (a2l + c2n)n + nl − (a2l + c 2n)l = 0 ............................. (3)
2 2
b b
 Lines are parallel if roots of (3) are equal (a2 – b2) + c2) – 4a2c2 = 0

4. (d) □ cos2 + cos2 + cos2 = 1 (sum of d.c.)

 (1 – sin2) + (1 – sin2) + (1 – sin2) = 1

Or sin2 + sin2 + sin2 = 2

5. (a) By distance formula

AB = BC = CD = DA = 7

(Not that a square is also a rhombus)

6. (a) From figure OG, AD, BE and CF are four diagonals whose d.c. are
1  1 1 1   1 1 , 1 and −
 1 , 1 ,  , − 
  , 1 1 1
,
, ,  , , 
 3 3 3 3 3 3   3 3 3   3 3 3

E(0, 0, a)
D(0, a, a)

F(a, 0, a)
G(a, a, a)

A(a, 0, 0) B(a, a, 0)

Let a line will d.c. l, m, n makes an angle , , ,  with the line OG, AD, BE and CF
respectively.

Using cos = l1l2 + m1m2 + n1n2

We have cos2 + cos2 + cos2 + cos2

l +m+n −l +m+ n l +m−n  l − m − n 
2 2 2 2

=  +  +  + 
 3   3   3   3 

=
4
(l
2
)
+ m 2 + n2 =
4
3 3

 sin2 + sin2 + sin2  + sin2 = 4 – 4 = 8

3 3
7. (b)
  xi  yi  zi 
8. (d) centroid = , ,
 
 4 4 4 

9. (c) d.r. of AB is 2, 3, 6. Its d.c. is 2 , 3 , 6

7 7 7
2 3 6
Projection of PQ on AB = (1 + 2) + (2 − 1) + (5 − 3) = 3
7 7 7

10. (c) Let the length of the line is r and direction cosine of the line are l, m, n

 r cos = 2 = rl; rcos = 3 = rm; rcos = 6 = rm

 (rl)2 + (rm)2 + (m)2 = 22 + 32 + 62

Or r2 (l2 + m2 + n2) = 49

r=7

11. (a) d.c. of the line AN are 2 , − 3 and

6
7 7 7

P(–1, 2, 5)

A N
(3, 4, 5)

From figure AP = (3 +1)2 + (4 − 2)2 + (5 − 5)2 = 20

2 3 6 2
AN = projection of AP on the line = (3 +1) + (4 − 2) + (5 − 5) =
7 7 7 7

 Required distance PN = AP2 − (PN )2

4
= 20 − =
4 16
49 7
12. (c)

A(1, 8, 4)

B D C
(0, –11, 4) (, , ) (2, –3, 1)

Let D  (, , ) since B, C, D lie on the same line

−0  + 11 =  − 4 = k (say)
 =
2−0 − 3 + 11 1−4

  = 2k,  = 8k – 11,  –3k + 4

Also AD is perpendicular to BC

(2 – 0) (2k –10 + (–3 + 11) (8k –11 – 8) + (1– 4) (4 + 3k – 4) = 0

Or k = 2

 Point is (2k, 8k –11, –3k + 4) = (4, 5, –2)

13.(d) d.r. of AB = 6, –2, –3

6 −2 −3
 d.c. of AB = , , = l , m , n (say)
1 1 1
7 7 7
122
Similarly d.c. of AC = = l , m , n (say)
, , 2 2 2
333

If  be the angle between AB and AC, then d.c.of internal bisector is

l1 + l2 m1 + m2 n1 + n2
, +
2 cos/ 2 2 cos / 2 2 cos/ 2

 d.r. of internal bisector is l1 + l2 .m1 +m2, n1 + n2

25 8 5
i.e., , , or 25, 8, 5
21 21 21
14. (c) Find d.r. of each side and then find the angle between two sides. Each angle is equal to

3

15. (b)

16. (b) d.r. of normal to the plane

2 – 0, 6 – 0, 3– 0 = 2, 6, 3

Its equation is 2(x – 2) + 6(y – 6) + 3(z – 3) = 0

Or 2x + 6y + 3z = 49

17. (c) d.r. of planes are 2, k, 1 and 1, 1, 2

 2 1 + k 1 +1 2
 cos = or (5 + k2)6 = {2(k + 4)}2
3 4 + k +1 1 +1 + 4
2

Or 6k2 + 30 = 4(k2 + 8k +6) or 2k2 – 32k – 34 = 0

k2 – 16k – 17 = 0

(k – 17) (k +1) = 0

k = –1, 17

18. (d) Equation of a plane through the point (0, 0, 1) is

a(x – 0) + b(y – 0) + c(z –1) = 0

Or ax + by + cz – c = 0

Since it passes through (1, 0, 1) and (1, –1, 0) then

a = 0, a– b – c = 0

Solving a + 0b + 0c = 0

a–b–c=0
a b c
By cross multiplication we have = =
0 +1 −1

 Reqd. equation is + y – z +1 = 0

Or y – z +1 = 0
19. (a) d.r. of normal to the plane is 3 –1, 4–1, 2–1 = 2, 3, 1

 Equation of plane is 2(x –4) + 3(y –5) +1(z –1) = 0 or 2x + 3y + z = 24

20.(d) Any plane through (2, 2, 1) is a(x–2) + b(y –2) + c(z–1) = 0 ...................... (1)

Since it passes through (1, –2, 3)

a(1 –2) + b(–2 –2) + c(3 –1) = 0

Or –a – 4b + 2c = 0 ............................. (2)

d.r. of the parallel line is 3, –4, 5

As a, b, c is the d.r. of normal to the plane which is parallel to the line with d.r. 3, –4, 5

 3a – 4b + 5c = 0 ....................... (3)
a 6
On solving (2) & (3) we get = = c
12 −11 −16

 From (1), required equation is 12(x–2) –11(y –2) – 15(z–1) = 0

21. (b) Proceed same as 20, note that d.r. of z–axis is (0, 0, 1)

The normal to plane is perpendicular to z–axis a.0 + b.0+ c= 0 ........................ (A)

Solve (A) with equation (2) of Q.N. 20 and put the value of a, b, c in (1) of Q.N. 20

22. (d) Any plane passing through (–1, 1, –4) is

a(x +1) + b(y –1) + c(z + 4) = 0 ......................... (1)

Since –2x + y + z = 0 & x + y – 3z +1 = 0 are perpendicular to (1) then

– 2a + b + c = 0 and a + b – 3c = 0

a b
Solving = = c
− 3 −1 1 − 6 − 2 −1

Putting value of (a, b, c) = (–4, –5, –3) in (1) we get the result.

23. (c) Equation of any plane parallel to x + 2y – 3z + 4 = 0 is x + 2y – 3z = 

Since it passes through (1, 2, 3)

1 + 4 – 9 =  or  = –4

 Equation of plane is x + 2y – 3z + 4 = 0 clearly (–4, 3, 2) satisfies it

24. (c) Let equation of plane be

a(x–1) + b(y– 2) + c(z – 3) = 0 ........................... (1)

Since it is perpendicular to the plane

x + 2y + 3z + 4 = 0

 a.1 + b.2 + c.3 = 0

a= –(2b + 3c)

From (1)

–(2b + 3c) (x–1) + b(y –2) + c(z –3) = 0

Or b{–2x + 2 + y –2} + c(–3x + 3 + z –3) = 0

(y – 2x) + c/b(z – 3x) = 0

Clearly it is always satisfied by (0, 0, 0)

25. (c) Any plane through line of intersection of the plane 2x + y –4 = 0 and y + 2z = 0 is

(2x + y –4) + (y + 2z) = 0 .................................. (1)

d.r. of its normal are 2, 1 + , 2

Since it is perpendicular to 3x + 2y – 3z = 6

Hence 2  3 + (1 + ) 2 + 2 (–3) = 0

Or 6 + 2 + 2 – 6 = 0

Or  = 2

Putting  = 2 in (1) we get the required equation.

26. (a) Equation of a plane passing through the line of intersection of the plane

x + y + z = 0 and 2x + y + 4 = 0 is

(x + y + z) + k(2x + y + 4) = 0 ............................... (1)

If d.r. is 1 + 2k, 1 + k , 1

d.r of x + y + z = 0 is 1, 1, 1

Since both are at right angles thus 1(1 + 2k) + (1 + k) + 1  1 = 0

Or 3k + 3 = 0 or k = –1
 Thus from (1) the required equation is – x + z –4 = 0

27. (a) Equation of a plane passing through the point (–7, –3, –5) is

a(x + 7) + b(y + 3) + c(x + 5) = 0

Since it passes through the points (1, 1, 1) and (1, –1, 1)

8a + 4b + 6c = 0 and 8a – 4b + 6c = 0
a b
Solving we get = = c
48 0 − 64

d.r. of normal to the plane is 3, 0, –4 hence is perpendicular to xz plane

28. (a) Equation of any plane passing through (–2, –2, 2) is

a(x + 2) + b(y +2) + c(z –2) = 0 ......................... 91)

Since it contains the line joining the points (1, 1, 1) and (1, –1, 2) we get

3a + 3b – c = 0 and 3a + b + 0c = 0
a
Solving by cross multiplication = b = c
0 + 1 −3+0 3 − 9

Put a = 1, b = –3, c = –6 in (1) to get the required equation

−6 3 2 1
3 −2 4 1
29. (d) Four given points are coplanar it =0
5 7 3 1
−13 k −1 1

−9 5 −2 0
−2 −9 1 0
Or =0
18 7 − k 4 1
−13 k −1 1

(R1 → R1 → R2

R2 → R2 – R3

R3 → R3 – R4)

−9 5 −2
Or − 2 − 9 1 =0 (R3 → R3 + 2R1)
0 17 − k 0
 Or – (17 – k) (–13) = 0 or k = 17

30. (c) d.c. of normal is

3 4 5 3 4 5
, , = , ,
32 + 42 + 52 32 + 42 + 52 32 + 42 + 52 52 52 52

Using lx + my + nz = p the required equation is

3 4 5z
x+ y+ =5 2
52 52 52

Or 3x + 4y + 5z = 50

31. (b) d.r. of the line joining the points (1, 3, –2) and (3, 1, 6) is 2, –2, 8 or 1, –1, 4 it is also the
d.r. of normal to the plane
1 + 3 3 +1 − 2 + 6 
Also plane passes through the points  , , is (2, 2, 2)
 
 2 2 2 

Thus its equation is 1(x –2) –1(y –2) + 4(z–2) = 0

x – y + 4z –8 = 0
x y z
32. (a) Let the equation of plane be + + =1
  

Where OA = .OB =  and OC = 

Since (1) passes through (a, b, c)

a  c
 + + =1 ……………(2)
  

The equation of the plane through A(, 0, 0) and parallel to yz plane is x= . The equation of
the plane passing through B(0, , 0) and parallel to xz plane is y = . The equation of the
plane through C(0, 0, ) and parallel to xy plane is z = 

 Coordinate of the common point to the plane is (, , )

We have to find locus of , ,  which can be obtained by replacing (, , ) by

(x, y, z) in (2)
33. (c) Required locus is
x+y+z x−z x−2y+z
2 3 2

  +  +  =9
 3   2   6 

On simplification, it gives x2 + y2 + z2 = 9

34. (b) Equation of the planes bisecting the angle between the given planes are

7x + 4 y + 4z + 3 2x + y + 2z + 2
=
72 + 42 + 42 22 +12 + 22

7x + 4 y + 4z + 3 2x + y + 2z + 2
Or =
9 3

Or x + y – 2z –3 = 0, 13x + 7y + 10z + 9 = 0

Let  be the angle between 2x + y + 2z + 2 = 0 and x + y – 2z – 3 = 0

−2
cos =  1   + −1 + − 
1 2 2  1
− =
3  6  3  6   3  6 36

tan  = 53  1   = 45

 x + y – 2z –3 = 0 is the bisector of obtuse angle, hence 13x + 7y + 10z + 9 = 0 is the

bisector of acute angle.

35. (c) The given planes are 4x – 4y + 2z + 6 = 0 and 4x – 4y + 2z – 7 = 0

6 −(−7) 13
Required distance = =
42 + 42 + 22 6

36. (a) Let the coordinate in two systems be (x, y, z) & (X, Y, Z) so that the equations of the
plane in the two systems are
x y z X Y Z
+ + = 1 and + + = 1
a b c p q r

Since origin is the same point in both system, the length of perpendicular from origin to both
planes are equal i.e.

1 1
= Or a–2 + b–2 + c–2 = p–2 + q–2 + r –2
1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + + +
a 2 b2 c2 p2 q2 r 2
37. (c) The vertices of the projection of the triangle on XY plane are (3, 4, 0), (2, 2, 0),
(3, –4, 0).
1 3 4
1 1
 xy = 1 = 8=4
2 2
2 2
3 −4 1

4 −1 1 1 3 −1 1
Similarly yz = 1 2 1 1 =  8 = 4 and xz = 2 1 1 = 1 − 4 = 2
1
2 2 2 2
−4 3 1 3 3 1

 Required area = 2 xy + 2 yz + 2 zx = 42 + 42 + 22 = 6

38. (c) For a tetrahedron

2 3 2 1
11 1 1 1
V=
6 3 −2 1 1
7 1 4 0

1 2 1 0
− 2 3 0 0 (R1 → R1 − R2
1
= R2 → R2 − R3
6 −4 −3 −3 0
R3 → R3 − R4 )
7 1 4 1

1 2 1 1 1
1
= 1 −2 3 0 = 1(−9) − 2(−6) + 1(6 + 12) = | −3 |=
6 6 6 2
−4 −3 −3

39. (d) Let plane ABC be x + y = 0

plane ACD be y + z = 0 A

plane ABD be z + x = 0

plane BCD be x + y + z = 1 D

solving three faces at a time we get the point of B

intersection as C

A = (0, 0, 0)

B = (–1, 1, 1); C = (1, –1, 1); D = (1, 1, –1)

 0 0 0 1
0 2 1
 V = 1 −1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 (C1 → C1 + C2
=
6 1 −1 1 1 6
2 0 1 C2 → C2 + C3 )
1 −1 −1 1

1 2
= (2  2) =
6 3

40. (c) Any plane passing through point of intersection of the plane

3x + 4y + 6z –3 = 0 and (2x – 4y + z + 6) = 0 is

(2x – 4y + z + 6) + (3x + 4y + 6z – 3) = 0....................................(1)

Since if passes through origin 6 – 3 = 0

 Putting  = 2 in (1) we get the required equation as 8x + 4y + 13z = 0

41. (a) Given that l – 5m + 3n = 0...................... (1)

7l2 + 5m2 – 3n2 = 0 ........................ (2)

Putting l = 5m – 3n in (2) we get

7(5m – 3n)2 + 5m2 – 3n2 = 0

Or 1800m2 – 210mn + 60n2 = 0

m 2 1
Or = ,
n 3 2
m 2
When = , let m = 2k, n = 3k
n 3

 From (1), l = 5m – 3n = k

Also, l2 + m2 +n2 = 1

1
 k2 + 4k2 + 9k2 = 1  k = 
14

1 2 2 −1 2 2
Also l, m, n = , , or , ,
14 14 6 14 14 14
 Similarly when m = 1
n 2

1 −1 − 2 −1 1 2
□l, m, n= , , Or , ,
6 6 6 6 6 6

42. (b )

43. (a) cos 2

 + cos 2  + cos 2  = 1   sin 2  = 3 − 1 = 2 .

44. (b) D.c.'s are 2

,
−3
and
6 or 2 , −3 , 6 .
7 7 7
22 + (−3)2 + 6 2 49 49

45. (b) x = −5 + 92 = −2, y = −5 (2) + 3 (−5) =

25
− 2 − 2

−5 (3) + 3 (6) 3
z= =− .
−2 2

46. (b) a1 a 2 + b1 b 2 + c1 c 2 = 0, so OP⊥ OQ .

47. (b) From x-axis = y2+z2 = 4 + 9 = 13

From y-axis = 1 + 9 = 10

From z-axis = 1+4 = 5 .

48. (d) −4 + 1 = 2 − 3 = −2 − 2 or  + 2 = 12 or  = 10 .
5 +4 5−2 +2
 4 6 12 
49. (a) Direction cosines =  , , 
 16 + 36 + 144 14 14 

or  2 , 3 , 6  .
 7 7 7
50. (b) Required ratio = − 5  = 5 i.e., 5 : 2.
−2 2
 

51. (a) Here, x 2 − x1 = 6 , y 2 − y1 = 6 , z 2 − z1 = 4 and d.c's of x, y, z -axes are (1,0,0), (0,1,0), (0, 0, 1)
respectively.
Now projection = (x 2 − x1 )l + (y 2 − y1 )m + (z 2 − z1 )n
 Projections of line AB on co-ordinate axes are 6, 6, 4 respectively.

52. (c) 0 = a − 2 + 4  a = −2, 0 = 1 + b + 7  b = − 8

3 3
3−5+c
And 0= c=2.
3
53. (c) Here, cos  = cos  = cos 
2 −1  1 
 3 cos  = 1   =cos  .
 3

54. (a) cos 2  + cos 2  + cos 2  = 1

 14  2  1  2 8  196  =  2 .
 cos  = 1− − = − 
 15  3 9  225  15

55. (b) Standard Problem

56. b) Here, cos 2  + cos 2 (90 − ) + cos 2  = 1

 cos 2  + sin 2  + cos 2  = 1

 cos 2  + 1 = 1   = 90 o .
57. (b) cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2
= 2 cos 2  − 1 + 2 cos 2  − 1 + 2 cos 2  − 1

= 2 (cos 2  + cos 2  + cos 2  ) − 3 = 2 − 3 = −1.

58. (a) Let lines are l1 x + m 1 y + n1 z + d = 0 …..(i)

And l2 x + m 2 y + n 2 z + d = 0 ........................ (ii)
If lx + my + nz + d = 0 is perpendicular to (i) and (ii), then, ll1 + mm 1 + nn1 = 0, ll2 + mm 2 + nn 2 = 0
l m n
 = = =d
m1n2 − m 2n1 n1l2 − l1n2 l1m2 − l2m1

Therefore, direction cosines are

(m 1 n 2 − m 2 n1 ), (n1 l2 − l1 n 2 ),(l1 m 2 − l2 m1 ) .

59. (d) Required direction cosines are

3 12 4
, ,
3 + 12 + 4
2 2 2 3 + 12 + 4
2 2 2 3 + 12 2 + 4 2
2

i.e., 3 12 4
, , .
13 13 13

60. (c) Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 always represents a plane.

61. (a) Let d be the length of line, then projection on x-axis = dl = 2, projection on y-axis = dm
= 3, Projection on z-axis = dn = 6
Now d 2 (l 2 + m 2 + n 2 ) = 4 + 9 + 36

 d 2 (1) = 49  d = 7 .
62. (d) Given  = 45 o ,  = 60 o ,  = ?
□ cos 2  + cos 2  + cos 2  = 1

1 1 1
 cos 2  = 1 − − =   = 60 o or 120 o .
2 4 4
63. (a) If  1 1 
 1  2  1 2 2 23
are the d.c’s of line then, =1 n=  23
,,n + +n 2
n= .
2 3  2 3 36 6

64. (a) The direction cosines of the normal to the plane are
1 2 −3
, ,
12 +2 +3
2 2 12 +2 +3 2 2 12 +22+32

1 2 −3
i.e., , , .
14 14 14

But x + 2y − 3 z + 4 = 0 can be written as −x − 2y + 3z − 4 = 0 .

−1 −2 3
Thus the direction cosines are , , .
14 14 14

65. (b) Since  =  =   cos 2  + cos 2  + cos 2  = 1

 1
 = cos −1 
  
 3

So, there are four lines whose direction cosines are

 1 1 1   −1 1 11 −1 1 
,, ,  , , ,  , , ,
 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
 1 1 − 1
,
 ,  .
 3 3 3

66. (b) Co-ordinates of P are (lr, mr , nr)

Here l = −1 −1 2 −2
= ,m= ,n=
12 + 22 + 22 3 3 3

And r=3 , (given)

 Co-ordinates of P are (–1, 2, –2).
67. (c) Let d be the length of line, then projection on x-axis = dl = 3 , projection on y-axis =
dm = 4 and projection on z-axis = dn = 5 .
= 4  sin2  + sin2  + sin2  + sin2  = .
8
68.(c) cos 2  + cos 2  + cos 2  + cos 2 
3 3
68. (b) Concept
69. (b) Given, equation of plane is passing through the point (–1, 3, 2)
 A(x + 1) + B(y − 3) + C (z − 2) = 0 ........................ (i)

Since plane (i) is perpendicular to each of the planes x + 2y + 3 z = 5 and 3 x + 3y + z = 0

So, A + 2B + 3C = 0 and 3A+3B+C=0

71. (a) Length of sides are a2+b2, b2+c2,c2+a2 respectively.

1
Now use  = s (s − a)(s − b)(s − c) .
2

72. (a) Let the co-ordinates of the points where the plane cuts the axes are (a, 0, 0), (0, b, 0),
(0, 0, c). Since centroid is (,  ,  ), therefore a = 3, b = 3  , c = 3 .

y z
Equation of the plane will be x + + =1
a b c
x y z
x y z
 + + =1 + + = 3.
3 3 3   

6 − 18 + 8 + 11
73. (a) Required distance = = 1.
7

74. (d) Obviously, co-ordinates of A, B, C are respectively (3a, 0, 0), (0, 3b, 0) and (0, 0, 3c).

Hence centroid is (a, b, c).

75. (c) Normal will be OA whose direction ratios are a − 0, b − 0, c − 0 i.e., a, b, c. It passes
through A (a, b, c).

 Equation of required plane is,

a (x − a) + b (y − b) + c (z − c) = 0

3
76. a) (x + y + z − 6) +  (2 x + 3y + 4 z + 5) = 0   =
14

 20 x + 23 y + 26 z − 69 = 0 .
1 1 1
+0+00+ +00+0+
77. d) Centroid is a , b , c
 3 3 3 
 
 
i.e.,  1 , 1 ,
1
.
 
 3a 3b 3c 
78. (d)Plane parallel to the plane 2 x + 3y − 4 z = 0 is 2 x + 3y − 4 z + k = 0 ..............(i)
Also plane (i) is passing through (1, 2, 3)
 ( 2 ) (1 ) + (3 )( 2 ) − (4 )( 3 ) + k = 0  k = 4

 Required plane is 2 x + 3y − 4 z + 4 = 0 .
79. (a) The equation of yz-plane is x = 0.
i.e., x + 0.y + 0.z = 0 .
Clearly, given plane is perpendicular to yz-plane.
y z 1
80. (a) Plane is x + + = 1, where p =
a b c
 1 
  a 2


1 1 1 1
Or + + = …..(i)
a2 b 2 c2 p2
a b c
Now according to equation, x= , y= , z=
4 4 4

Put the values of x, y, z in (i), we get the locus of the centroid of the tetrahedron.
81. (d) It is a fundamentalconcept.
82. (a) Find the equation of the plane and find distance.
83. d) Distance of point P from origin OP = 4 + 36 + 9 = 7

Now d.r’s of OP = 2–0, 6 – 0, 3 – 0 = 2, 6, 3

 d.c’s of OP = 2,6,3
7 7 7

Equation of plane in normal form is lx + my + nz = p

 2 x + 6 y + 3 z = 7  2 x + 6 y + 3 z = 49 .
7 7 7

84. (c) The required distance is given by

5 1
3 − 5 =1− = .
2 2 + 2 2 + 12 42+42+22 6 6

− 52 − 52
85. (d) p = = = | −4 | = 4.
9 + 16 + 144 13

86. (b) | 3 + 4 − 12k + 13 | =| − 9 − 12 + 13 |

 3 + 4 − 12k + 13 = 8  k = 1 .

87. (b)Given, plane meets the co-ordinate axes at A(a,0,0), B(0, b,0) C(0,0, c)
ab c
= (1, 2, 4)
 Centroid  ,  ,
3 3 3
  a = 3, b = 6, c = 12

Hence, equation of required plane is, x + y + z = 1

3 6 12

 4 x + 2y + z = 12 .

88. (a) X-intercept (a) = 4; Z-intercept (c) = 3

x z
Required equation = + =1 or 3 x + 4 z = 12 .
4 3

89. (c) Given planes are 2 x + y + 2z − 8 = 0

Or 4 x + 2y + 4 z − 16 = 0 ......................................................... (i)

And 4 x + 2y + 4 z + 5 = 0 .........................................................(ii)

Distance between two parallel planes

= − 16 − 5 =
21
=
7
.
42 + 22 + 4 2 6 2

90. (b)  = cos−1  6+ 4 − 10  = cos−1(0) =  .

2
 50 9 

91. b) Any plane passing through (1, 1, 1) is a(x − 1) + b(y − 1) + c(z − 1) = 0