UNIT 5
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS. TUITION FEES.
TYPES OF SCHOLARSHIPS
Warming-up activities
1. Why is it globally important to provide access to education for all people?
2. Can we refer education for “basic needs”?
3. Should education be free? Do you consider tuition fee too high and not
affordable for many?
4. What can a university charge?
5. Why have the tuition fees been increased?
6. Should international students be charged a bigger price by a university?
1/ Getting you thinking
Millennium Development Goals
The study of global development is essentially an examination of global
stratification and the inequalities of wealth, income, health and education that
stem from the fact that nations are ranked in a hierarchy of affluence and
destitution. Within both developed and developing worlds, stratification systems
based on status categories such as social class, gender, race/ ethnicity, caste and tribe
can clearly be seen. Among Millennium Development goals are: to eradicate
extreme poverty and hunger, to achieve universal primary education, to
promote gender equality and empower women, to reduce child mortality, to
improve maternal health, to combat AIDS, cancer and other diseases, to ensure
environmental sustainability, to develop a global partnership for the
development.
It is argued that the measurement of development should focus on social rather
than economic indicators of development. This approach, which is largely based on
a desire for social justice and equity, has dominated the thinking on development by
the charitable organizations like Oxfam, Christian Aid and Cafod, as well as the
agencies of the United Nations. Many charitable organizations concentrate on the
concept of “basic needs”. This is a recognition that the poor need to be lifted out of
subsistence poverty (i.e. living hand to mouth to survive) and should have the right
to a nutritious diet, safe drinking water, sanitation, shelter, health and
education. It is stated that people in the developing world need to experience “social
wellbeing”, i.e. have the right to be healthy, to be able to resist disease, to be able to
live into adulthood and old age, as well as the right to be educated. These basic needs
have benefits as they produce a healthy and literate workforce. The United Nations
constructed the Human Development Index (HDI), which aims to measure aspects of
human welfare, such as adult literacy, life expectancy at birth, a number of
doctors for a country population, establishment of good governance, conservation
of natural environment and other environmental assets, which assure human
beings of healthy and productive life.
It is also noted that the progress should not jeopardize the right of future
generations for better living standards. Development needs to be more “people-
centered” and to focus on empowering local people, to encourage them to take more
responsibility for their community over their daily actions. Each country wants to
preserve, protect and promote its unique culture and safeguard its social values
by entrenching them in terms that the wider world may understand and respect
“in quantifiable measures”. “Gross National Happiness” is more important than
Gross National Product, because as it is known, happiness is inward, and not outward;
and so it does not depend on what we have, but on what we are.
Task 1. Discuss the problem on the issues raised with your partner in a dialogue
“Happiness is inward”
Task 2. Read the text about tuition fees and do the tasks that follow.
TUITION FEES
Cost of Studying in UK for International Students
Studying in the UK can be a life-changing experience, a unique opportunity
for a student to get acquainted with the culture of Great Britain, although it can be an
expensive affair, which is regularly featured in the list of top 5 most expensive study
abroad destinations. The United Kingdom is the ultimate study destination because
of the academic excellence and student life it offers. The quality of education in the
United Kingdom is proven internationally. After receiving higher education there,
people will be considered a gem and respected by any employer. While there is no
doubt regarding the quality of education, a fact that worries students most of all is the
cost of studying in the UK. There are many universities whose tuition fees are generally
high. These are the high-range universities where to take international foundation
programmes without a scholarship may cost from £16000 to £ 25000. Fees at mid-
range universities are from £14,000 to £18,000, while for native enrollees they are
usually about £9,000 a year. However, if you look at the brighter side, the duration of
majority courses in the UK may be very short, which reduces the overall cost. Besides,
you can apply for various government and private scholarships, which often cover
the entire cost of a particular learner’s education. Many universities in the UK offer
Masters or MBA courses ranging from £13000 to £18000 and postgraduate courses
from £18000 to £32000. The course fee usually depends on the subject, location, and
the type of the university.
Living Cost of Studying in UK for International Students
The living cost usually depends on the lifestyle of a student. It might be costly
to study in the United Kingdom. International students must spend a lot on travelling,
tuition, textbooks, and housing, letting alone the visa application. Of course,
international students living expenditures in the UK might vary. Students have the
opportunity to do part-time jobs while studying in the UK. On average, a learner gets
a chance to do a part-time job for 20 hours a week. But on holidays they can work more
hours if they want. But there are restrictions on doing direct business and
freelancing. Many students can also work as a research assistant in multiple
universities and educational institutions. https://zainglobal.co.uk/living-cost-in-uk-for-
international-students-2022-2023
Task 3. With your partner make a list of arguments supporting one of the following
statements about the paid tuition.
1. Tuition fees are a way to discriminate against students of lower social standing by
restricting their access to higher education.
2. Paid tuition is a fair option for applicants of insufficient academic standard to get
a higher education.
3. Meager university grants kill the motivation for higher education.
Task 4. Read the following text about different types of grants and do the tasks that
follow.
WHAT ARE DIFFERENT KINDS OF SCHOLARSHIPS?
Question: Can you explain the different kinds of scholarships that are
available?
This is an area of great confusion for both parents and students. The two key words
to keep in mind when thinking about scholarships are merit and need.
Merit-based scholarships go to students who are superb academic performers.
They are usually awarded competitively. Examples of these are the National Merit
Scholarships. Competition can be very keen for some larger merit-based awards and
because of the subjective evaluation process, the best-qualified candidate does not
always win.
Need-based scholarships go to students whose financial resources do not enable
them to afford the full cost of the college or university to which they have been
accepted. These scholarships are available at many schools and can be quite large
depending on the financial-aid resources of the particular college. Need-based
scholarships are sometimes the only way that students can afford to attend costly
schools.
There is another, more elusive category of college scholarships, restrictive specialty
scholarships. Most colleges have a special group of awards (usually provided by
graduates of the school that bestows money upon enrolling first year students
according to unique considerations).
For example, church-affiliated colleges may have some specially endowed
scholarships for young men and women who are members of that denomination.
Other specialty awards might go to students from certain geographic areas. The
variety of requirements and restrictions can be wide.
Many private scholarships are advertised in the local newspaper every year, so
be alert to their listings. Start early and look diligently, as finding scholarship
money for college takes time.
Task 5. Support or challenge the following statements.
1. Need-based scholarships are a waste of university funds, because grants should
support the academically gifted and not those socially deprived.
2. Specialty scholarships are discriminatory, because they are awarded on the
arbitrary basis to members of exclusive social or religious groups.
3. Focus on research
Top 5 European-Union countries of domicile (excluding the UK) for
higher education enrolments
• Italian (13,985 students, 10% of the total)
• French (13,660, 9%)
• German (13,545, 9%)
• Greek (10,135, 7%)
• Spanish (9,630, 6%).
Top 5 subject areas studied at UK higher education institutions by
students from European Union countries (excluding UK countries):
• Business and administrative studies: 27,260 (19%)
• Social studies: 14,330 (10%)
• Biological sciences: 13,160 (9%)
• Engineering and technology: 12,740 (9%)
• Creative arts and design: 12,355 (8%)
Source: HESA Student Record 2017/18
Task 6. Write an essay on one of the topics discussed in the Unit
An eye on the exam
Grade booster
