CBSE
CLASS – XI
CHEMISTRY
SAMPLE PAPER 4
Time: 3 Hours Marks: 70
General Instructions
All questions are compulsory.
Section A: Q.no. 1 to 5 are very short answer questions and carry 1 mark each.
Section B: Q.no. 6 to 12 are short answer questions and carry 2 marks each.
Section C: Q.no. 13 to 24 are also short answer questions and carry 3 marks each.
Section D: Q.no. 25 to 27 are long answer questions and carry 5 marks each.
There is no overall choice. However an internal choice has been provided in two
questions of one mark, two questions of two marks, four questions of three marks
and all the three questions of five marks weightage. You have to attempt only one of
the choices in such questions.
Use of log tables if necessary, use of calculators is not allowed.
Section A
1. Why is an organic compound fused with sodium for testing halogens, nitrogen, sulphur
and phosphorous? [1]
OR
What kind of isomers are the compounds: CH3CH2OCH2CH3 and CH3OCH2CH2CH3?
2. What shapes are associated with sp3d and sp3d2 hybrid orbitals? [1]
OR
Arrange the following bonds in the order of increasing ionic character:
C-H, F-H, Br-H, Na-I, K-F, Li-Cl
3. Although benzene is highly unsaturated it does not undergo addition reactions. [1]
4. What is siltation? [1]
5. Why alkali and alkaline earth metals cannot be obtained by chemical reduction method?
[1]
Section B
6. Which of the following has largest size? Mg, Mg2+, Al3+,Al [2]
7. Consider the following species: [2]
N3-, O2-, F–, Na+, Mg2+, Al3+
(a) What is common in them?
(b) Arrange them in order of increasing ionic radii?
8. The wavelength of first spectral line in Balmer series is 6561 Å. Calculate the wavelength
of second spectral line in Balmer series. [2]
9. On a ship sailing in Pacific Ocean where temperature is 23.4°C, a balloon is filled with 2 L
air. What will be the volume of the balloon when the ship reaches Indian Ocean, where
temperature is 26.1°C?
10. Balance the following equation in an alkaline medium by half reaction method. [2]
- - 2-
Cr(OH)3 + IO3 I + CrO4
OR
11. Give reasons: [2]
(a) Anhydrous AlCl3 is covalent but hydrated AlCl3 is electrovalent. Explain
(b) Boric acid behaves as Lewis acid? Explain
12. Which of the two is more concentrated and why? 1 M or 1 m aqueous solution of a
solute. [2]
OR
How many moles and how many grams of NaCl are present in 250 cm3 of 0.500 M naCl
solution?
Section C
13. If the photon of the wavelength 150 pm strikes an atom and one of its inner bound
electrons is ejected out with a velocity of 1.5 ×107 m/s, calculate the energy with which
it is bound to the nucleus. [3]
OR
(a) What are degenerate orbitals? Give examples.
(b) Show that the circumference of the Bohr’s orbit for H atom is an integral multiple of
wavelength associated with the electron revolving aroun the orbit.
14. Which out of NH3 and NF3 has higher dipole momemt and why? [3]
OR
(a) For the complex [Fe(H2O)6]+3, write the hybridisation, magnetic character and spin of the
complex. (At, number : Fe = 26)
(b) Draw one of the geometrical isomers of the complex [Pt (en)2Cl2]+2 which is optically
inactive.
15. 0.2325g of an organic compound was analysed for nitrogen by Duma’s method. 31.7mL
of moist nitrogen was collected at 250C and 755.8mm Hg pressure. Calculate the
percentage of N in the sample. (Aq. Tension of water at 25oC is 23.8mm). [3]
16. Calculate the enthalpy of combustion of glucose from the following data [3]
θ
C (graphite) +O2 CO2 (g) ; Δr H = -395kJ
1 θ
H2 (g) + O (g) H2O(l) ; Δr H = -269.4kJ
2 2
θ
6C (graphite) + 6H2(g) + 3O2(g) C6H12O6 (s) ; Δr H = -1169.9kJ
17. Calculate the molar solubility of Ni (OH)2 in 0.10 M NaOH. The solubility product of Ni
(OH) 2 is 2.0 × 10-15. [3]
OR
The pH of 0.1 M solution of cynic acid (HCNO) is 2.34. Calculate the ionization
constant of the acid and its degree of ionization in the solution.
18.
(a) Consider the voltaic cell constructed with the following substances: [3]
3
Cr aq 3e Crs
MnO4 aq 8H aq Se Mn2 aq 4H2O l
Eo 0.74V
Eo 1.51V
(i) Which substances are oxidised and reduced in this cell?
(ii) Which are the negative and positive electrodes?
(b) Write the oxidation number of the following atoms:
(i) KMnO4
(ii) K2Cr2O7
OR
Write the half reactions for each of the following redox reactions:
a Zn(s ) 2H(aq ) Zn2(aq ) H2(g )
b Al ( s ) 3Ag aq Al3 aq 3Ag s
c Mg( s ) Cl2 g MgCl2 s
19. Arrange the following: [3]
(a) CaH2, BeH2 and TiH2 in order of increasing electrical conductance.
(b) LiH, NaH and CsH in order of increasing ionic character.
(c) H‒H, D‒D and F‒F in order of increasing bond dissociation enthalpy.
20. [3]
(a) Why cannot sulphuric acid be used to acidify sodium extract for testing S using
lead acetate solution?
(b) Which of the carbocations is most stable and why?
+ + +
(CH3 ) 3C , CH3CH2CH2 , CH3CHCH2CH3
(c) Why does a liquid vaporize below its boiling point in steam distillation process?
21. What type of isomerism is exhibited by following pair of compounds? [3]
(i) Ethanol and Methoxy methane
(ii) o-cresol and m-cresol
(iii) Pentan-3-one and pentan-2-one
22. Explain [3]
(a) Fish do not grow as well in warm water as in cold water. Why?
(b) Why does rain water normally have a pH about 5.6?
(c) Name two major greenhouse gases.
23. Write the IUPAC names of the following compounds: [3]
(a) CH3CH‒C(CH3)2
(b)
(c)
24. When a metal X is treated with sodium hydroxide, a white precipitate A is obtained,
which is soluble in an excess of NaOH to give soluble complex B. Compound A is
soluble in diluted HCl to form compound C. The compound A when heated strongly
gives D, which is used to extract metal. Identify X, A, B, C and D. Write suitable
equations to support their identities. [3]
Section D
25. [5]
(a) What is spontaneous change? What is the condition for spontaneity in terms of free energy
change?
(b) At 60°C, dinitrogen tetroxide is fifty percent dissociated. Calculate the standard free energy
change at this temperature and at one atmosphere.
OR
(a)
(i) Why standard enthalpy of an elementary substance is not zero wheras standard
enthalpy of formation is taken as zero?
(ii) Under what conditions will the reaction occur, if,
Both ΔH and ΔS are positive
Both ΔH and ΔS are negative
(b) Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction :
H2(g) + Cl(2)(g) → 2HCl(g)
Given that bond energies of H-H, Cl-Cl and H-Cl bonds are 433, 244 and 431 kJ/mol
respectively.
26. Give reasons for the following [5]
(a) Unlike Na2CO3, K2CO3 cannot be prepared by Solvay process. Why?
(b) Why are alkali metals not found in nature?
(c) Sodium is less reactive than potassium why?
(d) Alkali metals are good reducing agents. Why?
(e) Alkali metals are paramagnetic but their salts are diamagnetic. Why?
Complete the following reactions:
(a) Why does the solubility of alkaline earth metal carbonates and sulphates in water
decrease down the group?
(b) (b)Arrange the following alkali metal ions in decreasing order of their mobility:
Li+, Na+ , K+, Rb+, Cs+ .Explain
(c) NaOH is a stronger base than LiOH. Explain
(d) Why are alkali metals kept in paraffin or kerosene?
(e) Why does lithium show properties uncommon to the rest of the alkali metals?
27.
(a) Convert:
(i) Propene to propane-1,2-diol
(ii) Isopropylbromide to n-propylbromide
(b) An alkene on ozonolysis gives butan-2-one and 2-methylpropanal.Give the
structure and IUPAC name of Alkene. What products will be obtained when it is
treated with hot, concentrated KMnO4?
OR
(c) Complete the equations:
NaNH
(i) CH2 =CHBr
2
A
Red hot iron tube
873K
B
(ii) C6H6 +CH3COCl
Anhdrous
AlCl
A + B
3
(iii) CH3COOH A
NaOH(aq) Sodalime
Δ
B
(iv) CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 HBr
No peroxide
(v) CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 HBr
Peroxide
CBSE
Class XI Chemistry
Sample Paper – 4 Solution
Section A
1. Organic compound is fused with sodium metal to convert N, S, P and halogens present in
organic compound to their corresponding sodium salts.
OR
CH3CH2OCH2CH3 and CH3OCH2CH2CH3 are metamers.
2. sp3d hybrid orbitals -Trigonal bipyramidal
sp3d2 hybrid orbitals-Octahedral
OR
Increasing bonds order of ionic character:
Br-H< C-H< F-H< Na-I< Li-Cl< K-F
3. It is due to the delocalization of ∏ electrons in benzene it is highly stable.
4. Mixing of soil or rock particles in water is called siltation.
5. Because alkali and alkaline earth metals are themselves stronger reducing agents than
the majority of other reducing agents.
6. Atomic radii decrease across a period. Cations is smaller than their parent atoms. Among
isoelectronic species, the one with the larger positive nuclear charge will have a smaller
radius. Hence the largest species is Mg; the smallest one is Al3+.
7.
(a) All of them are isoelectronic in nature and have 10 electrons each.
(b) In isoelectronic species, greater the nuclear charge, lesser will be the atomic or ionic
radius.
Al3+ < Mg2+ < Na+ < F– < O2- < N3-
8.
According to Rydberg equation,
R = 109,677 which is the Rydberg's constant
1
v=
Wavelength
For first line in Balmer series, n1 = 2, n2 = 3
Given wavelength of 1st spectral line = 6561 Å
1 1 1 5
Therefore, = R 2 2 =R (i)
6561 2 3 36
For second line in Balmer series, n1 = 2, n2 =4
1 1 1 3
Therefore, = R 2 2 = R (ii)
Wavelength 2 4 16
Dividing eq. (i) by (ii), we get:
Wavelength 5 16
6561 36 3
Wavelength=4860 Å
9.
V1 = 2 L
T1 = (23.4 + 273) K
= 296.4 K
T2 = (26.1 + 273) K
= 299.1 K
From Charles law
V1 V
2
T1 T2
VT
V2 1 2
T1
2L 299.1 K
V2
296.4 K
2 L 1.009
2.018 L
10.
a) First, we will write down the oxidation number of each atom
2 2
- - 2-
Cr(OH)3 + IO3 I + CrO4
3 5 1 6
b) Write separately oxidation & reduction half reactions
Oxidation half reaction:
2- -
Cr(OH)3 CrO4 3e
3 6
Reduction half reaction:
- - -
IO3 + 6e I
5 1
c) Balance O atoms by adding H2O molecules to the side deficient in 'O'
atoms and then balancing H atoms
2- -
Cr(OH)3 + H2O CrO4 3e
- - -
IO3 + 6e I + 3H2O
d) Balance H atoms. Since the medium is alkaline, therefore H2O molecules
-
are added to the side deficient in H atoms and equal no. of OH
ions to the other side :
- 2- -
Cr(OH)3 + 5OH CrO4 3e +4H2O
- 2- -
( Cr(OH)3 + H2O 5OH CrO4 3e +5H2O)
- - - -
IO3 + 6e 3H2O I + 6OH
- - - -
( IO3 + 6e 6H2O I + 3H2O + 6OH )
e) Equalise the electrons lost and gained by multiplying the oxidation half
reaction with 2.
- 2- -
2Cr(OH)3 + 10OH 2CrO4 6e +8H2O
Adding the oxidation half reaction and reduction half reaction we get
- 2- -
2Cr(OH)3 + 10OH 2CrO4 6e +8H2O
- - - -
IO3 + 6e 3 H2O I + 6OH
_________________________________________________
- - 2- -
2Cr(OH)3 IO3 4OH 2CrO4 I +5 H2O
11.
(a) Anhydrous AlCl3 is covalent but hydrated AlCl3 is electrovalent because when it is
dissolved in water the high heat of hydration is sufficient to break the covalent bond
of AlCl3 into Al3+ and Cl- ions.
(b) Boric acid behaves as Lewis acid by accepting a pair of electron from OH- ion (in
water).
-
B(OH)3 + 2H-O-H [B(OH)4 ] + H3O
12. 1 molar solution contains 1mole of solute in 1 L of solution while
1 molal solution contains 1 mole of solute in 1000g of solvent.
Considering density of water as almost 1g/mL, then 1mole of solute is present in
1000mL of water in 1molal solution while 1mole of it is present in less than 1000mL of
water in 1 molar solution
(1000mL solution in molar solution = Volume of solute + Volume of solvent).
Thus 1M solution is more concentrated than 1m solution.
OR
Given:
Molarity of solution = 0.5 M
Volume of solution = 250 cm3
0.5 M NaCl solution contains 0.5 mole of NaCl in 1 litre of solution.
Number of moles of NaCl in 250 cm3
0.500
4
0.125mol
Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g
Mass of 0.125 mol of NaCl = 58.44 ×0.125
= 7.305 g of NaCl
Section C
13. Given:
λ 150pm
150 1012 m
v 1.5 107 m / s
h 6.626 1034 Js
c 3.8 108 m / s
Energy of the incident photon
hc
λ
6.626 1034 3.8 108
150 1012 m
13.25 1016 J
Energy of the ejected electron
1
mv 2
2
1
2
9.11 1031 1.5 107
2
20.49 1017
2
1.024 1016 J
The energy with which the electron is bound to the nucleus =13.25×10-16 J‒ 1.024×10-16 J
= 12.226×10-16 J
The energy with which the electron is bound to the nucleus is 12.226×10-16 J.
OR
(a) Orbitals which possess equal energies are called degenerate orbitals.
For example: 2px, 2py and 2pz orbital which are oriented alon X, Y and Z axes are
degenerate. Similarly, five d-orbitals dxy, dyz, dzx, dx y and dz are degenerate orbitals.
2 2 2
(b) The angular momentum of an electron in a given stationary state can be expressed as
h
mνr n where n 1,2,3 ......(Bohr equation)
2
h
2r n
mν
But
h
λ (deBroglie equation)
mν
From the two equations, we have,
2r nλ
or
circumference of Bohr orbit nλ
14. NH3 and NF3 both have pyramidal structure and a lone pair of electron on nitrogen as
shown below:
NH3 has a higher dipole moment than NF3, the orbital dipole due to lone pair is in the
same direction as the resultant dipole moment of N-H bonds whereas in NF3, the dipole
due to lone pair is in a direction opposite to the resultant dipole moment of three N-F
bonds. The dipole due to lone pair in NF3 causes a decrease in the dipole moment of NF3.
OR
(a)
Hybridisation: sp3d2
Magnetic character: Paramagnetic
Spin of complex: High spin complex
(b) Trans isomer of [Pt(en)2Cl2]2+ is optically inactive.
15.
Calculation of volume of nitrogen at S.T.P
Experimental conditions
Pressure of dry gas P1 = 755.8 - 23.8 = 732 mL
V1 = 31.7 mL
T1 = 25+273 = 298 K
S.T.P condition
P2 = 760 mm
V2 = ?
T2 = 273 K
Applying gas equation,
P1 V1 P2 V2
=
T1 T2
732×31.7 760×V2
=
298 273
V2 = 27.97 mL
28×Volumeof N2 at S.T.P×100
% of Nitrogen =
22400×Massof compound
28×27.97×100
=
22400×0.2325
= 15.04
16. Given:
θ
C (graphite) +O2 CO2(g) ;Δr H =-395kJ (Eq.1)
1 θ
H2 (g)+ O2 (g) H2O(l) ; Δr H =-269.4kJ (Eq.2)
2 θ
C6H12O6 (s) 6C(graphite)+ 6H2(g)+3O2 (g) ; Δr H =1169.9kJ (Eq.3)
Combustion of graphite is given by the equation shown below
C6H12O6 (s)+6O2 (g) 6CO2 (g)+6H2O(g) (Eq.4)
Thus enthalpy for combustion reaction can be obtained by multiplying
Eq.1 an d Eq.2 by 6 and adding equation Eq.3
θ
6C(graphite) + 6O2 6CO2 (g) ; Δr H = -2370kJ (Eq.6)
θ
6H2 (g) + 3O2 (g) 6 H2O(l) ; Δr H = -1614.4kJ (Eq.7)
θ
C6H12O6 (s) 6C (graphite)+6H2(g)+3O2 (g) ; Δr H =1169.9kJ (Eq.8)
_______________________________________________________________________________
C6H12O6 (s) + 3O2 (g) 6CO2 (g) + 6H2O (g)
Reaction enthalpy = (-2370 kJ-1614kJ) + (1169.9 kJ+0)
= -2814.1kJ
17.
-15
For Ni(OH)2 K sp =2.0 × 10
As K sp is small, 2s<< 0.10 so that 2s + 0.10 = 0.10
2
K sp = s × (0.10)
K sp
s= 2
(0.10)
-15
2.0 × 10
= 2
(0.10)
-13
= 2.0 × 10
-13
Molar solubility of Ni(OH)2 in 0.1 M NaOH = 2.0 x 10 M
OR
HCNO ⇋ H+ + CNO-
pH= 2.34 that is,
-log[H+] =2.34
log[H+] = -2.34
[H+] =antilog(-2.34)
= 4.57×10-3 M
Ionisation constant:
Ka
4.57 10 4.57 10
3 3
0.1
2.09 104
Degree of dissociation:
Ka
C
2.09 104
0.1
0.0457
18.
(a)
(i) Cr is getting oxidized and MnO4- is getting reduced.
(ii) Cr is negative electrode, Pt in MnO4- acts as positive electrode.
(b)
(i) KMnO4
K(+1), Mn(+7), O(-2)
(ii) K2Cr2O7
K(+1), Cr(+7), O(-2)
OR
a Zn( s ) Zn2 aq 2e
2H 2e H2( g )
b Ag aq e Ag s
Al s Al3 3e
(c) Na( s ) Na2( aq ) 2e
Cl2 g 2e 2Cl
19.
(a) BeH2 < TiH2< CaH2
(b) LiH < NaH < CsH
(c) F‒F< H‒H< D‒D
20.
(a) This is because, in the presence of sulphuric acid, lead acetate will react with it
forming white precipitate of PbSO4, thus interfering with the test.
(b) (CH3)3C+ is most stable because it has the maximum number of alkyl groups i.e. three.
Greater the number of alkyl groups on the carbon carrying positive charge, greater
would be the dispersal of charge and hence more will be the stability of carbocation.
So, tertiary carbocation is the most stable due to maximum dispersal of charge.
(c) In steam distillation, water and organic substance vaporize together and total
pressure becomes equal to atmospheric pressure. Thus organic substance vaporizes
and distils at a temperature lower than its boiling point.
21.
(i) Functional isomerism or functional group isomerism
(ii) Position isomerism
(iii) Metamerism
22.
(a) As the temperature increases solubility of gas in water decreases. Due to high
temperature of water, amount of dissolved oxygen is less, which creates a problem
for fish. So, fish do not grow well in warm water.
(b) Rain water is acidic due to dissolution of CO2 in it, leading to formation of H2CO3
which lowers the pH. Hence the pH is about 5.6
CO2 + H2O H2CO3
+ 2-
H2CO3 2H + CO3
(c) Carbon dioxide and methane are two major greenhouse gases.
23.
(a) 2-Methylbut-2-ene
(b) 2-Methylphenol
(c) 4-Phenlybut-1-ene
24. Since metal X reacts with NaOH to first give a white ppt. A which dissolves in excess of
NaOH to give a soluble complex B , therefore metal X is aluminium ;ppt A is Al(OH)3 and
complex B is sodium teterahydroxoaluminate (III)
Al + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 3Na
X Aluminium
hydroxide
Al(OH)3 + NaOH Na [Al(OH)4 ]
Sodium
tetrahydroxoaluminate (III)
A B
Since A is amphoteric in nature, it reacts with dilute HCl to form compound C which is
AlCl3
Al(OH)3 3HCl
AlCl3 3H2O
A C
Since A on heating gives D which is used to extract metal, therefore, D must be alumina
(Al2O3)
2Al(OH)3
Al2O3 3H2O
A D
25.
(a) A process which can take place of its own or initiate under some condition.
Conditions for spontaneity in terms i=of free energy:
If ΔG is negative, the process is spontaneous.
If ΔG is positive the process is non-spontaneous.
(b)
N2O4 (g) 2NO2(g)
If N2O4 is 50% dissociated, the mole fraction of both the
subs tances is given by
1 0.5 0.5
xN O ;
2 4 1 0.5 1.5
2 0.5 1
xNO
2 1 0.5 1.5
0.5 0.5
pN O 1 atm
2 4 1.5 1.5
1 1
pNO 1 atm
2 1.5 1.5
The equilibrium cons tan t K P is given by
pNO2
2
KP
pN2O4
1.5
2
(1.5) (0.5)
1.33 atm
θ
SinceΔrG RTln K P
θ 1 1
ΔrG ( 8.314 JK mol ) (333 K) (ln(1.33))
1 1
( 8.314 JK mol ) (333 K) (2.303) (0.1239)
θ 1
ΔrG 789.98 kJ mol
26.
(a) Unlike NaHCO3, the intermediate KHCO3 formed during reaction, is highly
soluble in water and thus cannot be taken out from solution to obtain
K2CO3.Hence, K2CO3 cannot be prepared by Solvay process.
(b) Alkali metals are highly reactive because of low ionization enthalpy value and
therefore are not found in nature. They are present in combined state only in
form of halides, oxides etc.
(c) Ionization Energy of potassium is less than sodium because of large size or less
effective nuclear charge. Thus, potassium is more reactive than sodium.
(d) Alkali metals are strong reducing agents due to their greater ease to lose
electrons.
(e) Alkali metals have one unpaired electrons (ns1) and are paramagnetic. However,
during the salt formation, the unpaired electron is lost by alkali metals to other
atom forming anion. Their salts have all paired electrons and show diamagnetic
nature.
OR
(a) The size of anions being much larger compared to cations, the lattice enthalpy
will remain almost constant within a particular group. Since the hydration
enthalpies decrease down the group, solubility will decrease as found for alkaline
earth metal carbonates and sulphates
(b) Cs+ > Rb+> K+> Na+> Li+
Smaller the size of the ion greater is the degree of hydration. Lithium being small
in size is hydrated to a large extent and cesium being large in size is hydrated to
small extent.
(c) The M-OH bond in hydroxides of alkali metal is very weak and can easily ionize
to form M+ ions and OH- ions. This accounts for the basic character. Since
ionization energy decreases down the group, bond between metal and oxygen
becomes weak. Therefore basic strength of hydroxides increases accordingly.
Thus NaOH is a stronger base than LiOH.
(d) Alkali metals are highly sensitive towards air and water and are kept therefore in
kerosene or paraffin oil.
(e) This is because of exceptionally small size of Lithium and high charge to radius
ratio of Li+.
27.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
CH3
|
alc. KOH HBr
CH3 -CHBr CH3CH=CH2 CH3CH2CH2Br
Peroxide effect
(b) From the given products of Ozonolysis,
CH3 -CH2 - C- CH3 and CH3 H
| |
O CH3 CH-C=O
CH3
|
The alkene would be: CH3
-CH 2
- C=CH-CH-CH3
|
CH3
IUPAC Name: 2, 4-dimethylhex-3-ene
KMnO
CH3 -CH2 - C CH -CH(CH3 )2
4 CH -CH -C O HOOC -CH(CH )
3 2 3 2
| |
CH3 CH3
Bu tane -2- one 2- Methylpropanoic acid
OR
(i)
NaNH Red hot iron tube
CH2 =CHBr
2 HC CH
C6H6
873K
A B
(ii)
Anhydrous
C6H6 +CH3COCl
C6H5COCH3 + HCl
AlCl3
A B
(iii)
NaOH (aq) Sodalime
CH3COOH CH3COONa
CH4
A B
(iv)
No peroxide
CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 HBr
CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
|
Br
Hex 1 ene 2 Bromohexane
(v)
peroxide
CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 HBr
CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
|
Br
Hex 1 ene 1 Bromohexane