3t is a
jeneral Poer and oct oritntad
langog
K 3t was deelaped ?n late 1980 Van rOSSum at
natforal esearch fnstittion
bGde
obampter Aene
4t is deRred
Such as
from pogag languages.
ABe ,modds smalt tal,Alqol-s8.
lqolG8
3t is open Sour
open scnpg langunge.
gt is a Case Sensitive larqaqe (d4f blw opper e louse
Cose leters).
Featuves of hon:
st is an intevpreted
Taterpeed pyaugngg
4 Jt is dn trteratie
?nterati ve
anglangage
K JE is postable
Salable jnteqaed and
Data
Data isthe Colledion ef 7qwfats is knaon as daa.
* Data is of ire tys
>1nteeflotag pot, chanakr data, bodlean data
k Processed data is Kroon as înfpralon.
Propam
n euecufon s
Kron as pocess.
* *charackr st ow ane
digta o to 1,Aabdsfom A to or
Token:
Srallest fnduvidual wnít in a poqyam is Krou as toker
tegod, 1åontfies, htead,opedtar
Vaviable:
3tis o data na) a
off mengog localfon.
locdton
are usrdefned to ken suh as
Vaable narnes,unctton names class nomeS struure
names and So on.
Rules fpr dertfers
R4t Car be a Conmtaton of lettrs n looer Case(oxy dit
Unders co re .
R Jt Cannol storb oîth a diqit.
Cannot be used as an fderbfers.
Carnd use gpecîal SprbolsItke 1# $+,ctct, dale
ao be used n fdentifer.
* Comas,or, b ank spaas are not presert
Iitecals 0 Constants:
x 4t isa fizad Value.
hee tupes
Vañatles:
dyaricay ped language. oe do not ned
to declare Variable type before usirg hem.
A VaRalbe 1s Ceated uohen oe qssign
q siqn a value to tfret
tfene.
ote
Vaß able names are Ca Se Sensiive
a=5
1-"hello
do not need to declare any vaiable type and (an
Varfables
ckange pe dif thoy hae ben set
Uote
tye of the VoRable oe arn you
you woant to know the
tyre(Vanakle namc)
uDant to Kroo rnemowg addies or la ation of the
se Can wse id ()funcion.
ralik Vavlble by dstig del damut
you Can dolte shde ca)
used to take fnpt fon he user.
pt fuelion is rre hed
Valable name nput (prog)
Note
To Conver t one data tpe to arolher dalatye ts thoonn.
functon txcepl?orn
nt () Corvets
Spit foc tion:
Thts mthod is
Converts ang data tige to fod.
Conver ts real runber tb lorples
Varrare =
nurmber. tzt = wclc
bool () any datrtype to bad Valu.
Convets
sty () (onver ts numeîc data pe to stiy Print (z)
Mze function
a- nt(inpat ('e nter a') This-function is
b- 9rt (irput ('erter b)) a: a,b,c = map
pirt (a+b) Note:
a= float () 2 ol be l.o
K prints any tetwo
4=flot (3:) f-fprmatted da
-float ("s) •when using an
braces are Y
Ex:
4t ts a oupt tunctor ued to rint.
piat(okjct ,Bepe cseperator stirg z erd <-end shi-)
message
Peat (messog)
f"You
(o)
print You are
pirt(92, Sep and -)
'o, * name ab'
oupt
lo 20o 30
Pit(f'am ýnas
Note
mulpk vafsble.
lon allaas asstgn a shyle Valae to
ale lne.
Sptfnction:
This method is wied to clta s hieg trto a lict.
Var,rarre -
Ex:
tzt = welconeto st
xIrpts
Print (:)
- uniersty
trt-plito
Asekn function
his -function is used to reod mutipla vatue s na Stale lre.
a abe= map (tnt,input'spltt)
Note:
f-toimatted data
Rnite
all the Vaitables
• when using onf infot of
an a sting
braces ave Yead and replaced b their Value.
E:
age
message =f"You are fonet yeas old
pfnt (messog)
pnt f' You are tugri years ola")
name-ab'
Pít(5'3am inamey iarn agj Yeors old')
How
Vôtua
Byte Result
|Souc
eCornfler
Code e machine
Lfbrany
module
Note
because of
PuM (Python Vitual macline):
•Pthon virtual machine, ?sa platforrn deendnt langue
Data typ
fundamental daa hype (PRitive dala ype):
are uSed to Stoye
PRsive data types ay
-The Varioble Conains ony Shgle Value .
sirge Value.
Deived dala type ()Non piilive data ype:
•hese are re built upon he funcamental data
MPes and Gn
hold 6) morc
. multfple
The Vaableholds
valaes
multfple values
stuctures -
shudures
there e dtferent ypes deed
or Camle
datadpes
fozenset :
L1st:
.A list Ps a Collecton of odercd element's chee dugliaes
a1e alowed
. Lists are muta ble.means
Yemoved
os
o modifed after
elements an be
(reaton.
odded
Se Square brackats [ Jto defne a list
E a= o20,3aJ
Tugple:
bat-his is îrntable. means tts
A Tple fs sîoflar to list
eatisn.
elements Cannot be chanqed cafter
Fot deftigg a hupli se
t: az (to 20,20)
Set:
Setis an Unorde red collectton of elements that audorahcalg
YemoVes dulicate el oments
Set Vaßable Can only return
utque Values.
bYaces
Synta uie
rozen seli
.rozen set an muate Version ot
is a set. means its eemoat
Cavot be added (or)removed,
Sgilaa? use fomst ()
xf -frozenet fi, 3})
Diet:
•4t stores data în Key o d Vaue pats, ohere each
ndo: usebraee () to dere
person
pfat (peson
iname,"aliee
["hame])
, 'age':si
Bytes:
3tis a fmutable sequere of bytes, often used to repu
binay dala. Convests ist fnto bytzs
Suta: se 'b'a)bytesc
Note
Each element Ts an nte qeiYanges om o to 255
data -bhelo
pintl dota lo)
3tis am sômilar to a bytes object ,but ttiz mutade.
Splo bytearay)
soler t Saots Tndering and slicg
dala -byte aray (rss, 66,6 1)
data] G8
vlist =2,34,61
Sire- 5
oá = bytes (rlist)
bytssi2e)
pst(an) print(ar)
a - [215,G6 61)
t Con vet the list of întgosiobytes
b-byesa)
oe: cc
pat l5)
blxdBc'
usirg byeata S 2e -5
•pimehubers - [23,5, 1]
A Coavets list to bfeaay pRt (ar)
byle.anaybgixag(pime hunmba)
loood)
28
2:Operatos
Someo
94thmtia operatos
(
(
laial opa
Estáe opealo,
(terkay e
Athaneb npetms
eret
rit ()
A)float diicion
(2) Floor dinsion.
Aoat diyctor,: 4t retrns lottrapsnt'lalue. ()
Rt(sls) => (:0
Floor division )is sirlar to li?nc.
>20
pint (rol5o)
E:pint (slls)>1
1s an ztonent operator.
used to raise to operand to he port the ecad.
ff is
Vali=
Val= 3 pánt (valieral i) ?
Pelatora oRratasi
hese opeetrs
au used tb (orpare
ote!
on Fal)
boolean data (True
ticse
operato awags return
Lejical
hese opet
operators
b
used tb Gnpare
rators ase uced Grnpare hoo o more relatonal
epesions
and,or, not
are tue.
* and returns te oher both the statemnents
are tue.
?f one of the qiren statemerts
* or Tetuns tue
X notReverse the reSult.
Ex: a lo
b= 4
Print Malb =aan d k)
B?t wise operaorst
these ofzratos
oferatos aye used to perfam operatons on bits.
Bitose and
Bitoise Xop A Bitwise NOT
Biote
Leftskft<
.A^B -ABABtA·B
letahift <<rey 20
hese opertors ane used to assiqn Values to Varables.
7az t 5 at=5
Kenbarshie operos:
hese cperators used to fa Sequene is reseñt i
kin it returns true.if the sified oect present in t
|ist.
+not în it vetuns te.?f-the Specifed e leent is not
Present în the list.
|E Sh1 -Hello wor ld'
D: List1 =[y2,34,5J
pint( list 1) n * True.
pint(8'n str) #
Et did1-{1: 'Gecks', 2 for',s:*Geks?
pirt (3not în dict 1) pint (s not fn dict 1)
(3
1deotiy opextor s are used -to Corpare the object:
is-re turnsTrue fbolh Vaf ab les ye fers Same memo
lo cation:
is not eluns e tf hoth Variable s ahe nol Same
object
EXI num15 pint (nurot is num
Num9
a-[l,3]
5
nt (ais b)
pint (ats c)
C-a print (a1 is s2)
Si Vhello ioorld"
Note!
prfeere blo l='and 'is'opevoton
is a relatlonal operatot.
is' s an 7denti opevatov
Vales Df too Vavtabes, hevcas
'is used to (ornpare the.
boo
is opevator is used to Conpare he memoy locatforn of
Variables.
Jndentation
kit is used -o de fne block ofCode .
tst tells thepfhn ntyretze that agop of sl alenents belang
to Specifie block.
ih
he Sare level of xe
îndentation Bale (onsider
k All statemern's Same block,
*1 is achieved ueing tohtte spaæs (Tab),d the befin oing
each Iine.
Operator Prede ne
dt descsbes the or der in wohich opeations oe erfomred
ohen an epres ssion is evaleated
Noe
ssocav:
too or more operas have lhe Sore prece dena
tuwheneVer
precedenn
hen asoctkidy de fines the order ofl operatiors
foportantfuce
• stvip():his method 1ermoves ary chitespaces in the
:'
br
and ending
Bl me ssaqe Learn Fglhorn'
ole:
pint (messaq stäpo)
-Values this method retuns a vieo obe lhat obi
Conlains -lhe Values of adictay as a list.
Ea' Car
brand'; "fordy
"motor':'Mustang,
Year :1961
2= (ar. Voues()
Pint ()
Sorted :This tunctin vens a Sorled tist of he Spechje
iterable object
>You Can Specify ascending(otdes cendng nder, by deful
|
it reliarns orderi
n a'serding
Sortedileable,Key key, reverse, °Taue False)
a - (,,
=) 12)
Sorted a)
pint
-Totersectioo (): Thismelho reisns a set thol Colaos
blo tooo) me ses.
S0: st:Rnesection (sei,Set2. , et)
setl - ,2,3
Set 2 - 2, 3,43
sets = hte sectioo ti,st)
Pint(st )
Set3 -(set1&seta)
Print(set a)
round c: this -uncion eturns the floling psint, ierourded
nan o de Emas.
Version, Df urober oith specied
Assocvy:
he sane y
*whenever too er more operabs have
ter asotkny defres the orer of operation
foportant fuoE
stvipt): his mehad 1emoves ary hitespaces Tn theba
and
3 mess aqe.
pint (messane. sti
Learn fglkor'
ole
p)
aluesc: this method retuns a vieo
Conlains lhe Values of
o bject
adictonay as a list.
,
that ohi
E* Carf
'brand':"fordy
'motor' 'Mustang
VYear:1964
2= Car. Vaues ()
Pint )
•Sorted co:This furnctibn veuns a sorled tist of he Specia
iterable object
>You retiyns
Can pecify asendingdes cerdng du by defuad
|
it n order
tsending
Sortedileable, key key, reverse
a- (,1,12)
° The False )
7 Sorteda
pint a)
.nteiSection ():This melho reuins a set thal Contais
ho tooo) màe sets.
Syn: Set.ntesection (seti,Setz et)
Sel1 2,3{
Set2 2,3,43
Sets teasec lioo t, st)
Pint(st )
Set3 -(set1 & sela)
Prnt(set )
eturns the loalrg point,'e rorded
TOund(: his untion
Vexsion of burobr
speed nn of ceimdt
oith
3- Control
*Of Tee types
4 )Conditional st
e) Looping st (tterative)
st (unadlitional
)
Conliol stalerent:
*Condtioncl stakmerts bas
the ouder ececution
of
Decídrg
Conditions
are three thypes of odiBons
)
There
one block ie teue black)
MShrple îf (oorniains
f-else (Contains -loo bloc Ks ie, tue False bock)
(3) elf
Snple if Sytau: if condtton:
statements
ifete 4 Condition:
statements
else:
stae ments
(.uonte a ryhon progosto find given num ber is p
number ne nmber.
a=fnt Bnputo)
if a zo!
piot ('Positive
else :
Q.woite a Pghon prgarm to check ofen YearisT
Yeatînt (rpito)
f year0
( and Yeao=oor Year
print LeapYea
3- ontol statements
Of thae
of types
) )Condition al
e) Loirg st
Tumping st
st
(tevatve)
(uncoretitoral)
•ondrtional Conlio statererts
Decfdirgthe oideroecection
:
do statemerts based na
Conditions
)There
D
are three
f-else (Cotains too
types of
Srple f (ortains one
odiors
block
bloc Ks
ie
ie
tue
tue
bock)
L False bok)
FSrple if Siaa: t condtion :
staternants
ifelse
.
4 Conaition:
Statemests
else:
State nents
oite a pyfon pogorn to nd fren number is poi
nurmbey
icgotie niber.
a=Ant Gnpsto)
if a vo
pot ("Poitive)
else:
Yeînt (rpt)
yearH==o and YeaooD0 or
prnt ( leap Yeai)
Year. loo|=0 :
else !
pint[ a Leap Year)
etfSyo: t condition 1:
Blxk_1 statements
ebf conditian2:
Block-2 salements
e f Conditian3!
Block -3 stalements
else:
statements
p. Ttnd the larqest Value ot any fou thtegrs
abedialmoptr rapttnts
a- înt(input)
b int(inp)
c-nt (nto)
deiatinpt )
if asb and azc and a>d!
pint as qreate st')
elff ba ard byC and brd:
ealest")
lif ca and c zb and cdi
else:
jrakst).
Unit stalements;
Owhk loop
tlk loop toe an encecute statement ontill he Condtoy
Vayiable.
is tee. it veqires to de foa an indexing
Syptas
while (Condition):
Stalemenls print(i)
it =2
er loap
Tor loop lterate s over
tof Varame in sequence Tange C) i
statemernt
X- 10,15]
pint (1)
Note
Hor loq doesnot tequ'iTe an Yndeirg Variahle.
targe rmethod:
used to
a list of nurnbers which is
4t gene rates
teroe Dver uotth for loopP:
Targ mehod uas hree ipes of paarnetexe
3 start ?
(3) Stop
()step
snla:
)Rihon use Yange meied d fn thee ways
Yang (stavt, stop)
a ronat (atat,sbp,slep)
Nofe:
Plparamelers nmust be htegers
All parame ters an be te nt a)-e o.
for i n varg ():
0,13
slerterneots ,
(obreak
) Conlinue
te
print ()
break
break
int (1)
d (orrue oith the et 1est
it=1
If13
Contiu
prt)
Nested loop :
A loop Pnstde anothe loop is Kn oon asneiled n
foy Vav n Seqi
statements
stalerment S
ole
for in range (1,0:
for j in rang (i9):
Print'
print (f'*)
Shape attibute
:
the number of elernerts n tach
he
shape of an amy is
dimens on
Note:
an altibule Called shape that rib
NumP an rays have
hau
a tugple oth edeh ndee
haing the noof Corespandhy
elements
E!
pat (ara stae)
cinen Ts.
Shape
