Experiment No.
5 (Group B)
Title: Write a program using Arduino to control LED (One or more ON/OFF). Or Blinking
Date of Completion: __________________ Date of Submission: __________________
Outcome: Connectivity and configuration of Raspberry-Pi /Beagle board/Arduino
circuit with basic peripherals like LEDS
⮚ Hardware Requirement: Arduino, LED, 220 ohm resistor etc.
⮚ Software Requirement: Arduino IDE
⮚ Theory:
This example shows the simplest thing you can do with an Arduino to see physical output: it
blinks the on-board LED.
This example uses the built-in LED that most Arduino boards have. This LED is connected to a
digital pin and its number may vary from board type to board type. To make your life easier, we
have a constant that is specified in every board descriptor file. This constant is LED_BUILTIN and
allows you to control the built-in LED easily. Here is the correspondence between the constant
and the digital pin.
● D13 - 101
● D13 - Due
● D1 - Gemma
● D13 - Intel Edison
● D13 - Intel Galileo Gen2
● D13 - Leonardo and Micro
● D13 - LilyPad
● D13 - LilyPad USB
● D13 - MEGA2560
● D13 - Mini
● D6 - MKR1000
● D13 - Nano
● D13 - Pro
● D13 - Pro Mini
● D13 - UNO
● D13 - Yún
● D13 - Zero
If you want to lit an external LED with this sketch, you need to build this circuit, where you
connect one end of the resistor to the digital pin correspondent to the LED_BUILTIN constant.
Connect the long leg of the LED (the positive leg, called the anode) to the other end of the
resistor. Connect the short leg of the LED (the negative leg, called the cathode) to the GND. In the
diagram below we show an UNO board that has D13 as the LED_BUILTIN value.
The value of the resistor in series with the LED may be of a different value than 220 ohm; the
LED will lit up also with values up to 1K ohm.
Schematic
Code
After you build the circuit plug your Arduino board into your computer, start the Arduino
Software (IDE) and enter the code below. You may also load it from the menu
File/Examples/01.Basics/Blink . The first thing you do is to initialize LED_BUILTIN pin as an
output pin with the line
pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
In the main loop, you turn the LED on with the line:
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);
This supplies 5 volts to the LED anode. That creates a voltage difference across the pins of the
LED, and lights it up. Then you turn it off with the line:
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);
That takes the LED_BUILTIN pin back to 0 volts, and turns the LED off. In between the on and the
off, you want enough time for a person to see the change, so the delay() commands tell the
board to do nothing for 1000 milliseconds, or one second. When you use the delay() command,
nothing else happens for that amount of time. Once you've understood the basic examples, check
out the BlinkWithoutDelay example to learn how to create a delay while doing other things.
Once you've understood this example, check out the DigitalReadSerial example to learn how
read a switch connected to the board.
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Conclusion: -
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