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2.2.2 FINANCIAL AID R esearch by AMUNGA 2024,

which explored on demographic factors affecting
students’preferences for university housing in Laikipia
university that involved a number of respondents found
thatfinancial aid of hostel accommodation related to
students’ choice on university [Link] research
found that the relationship help stu dent to access to
university accommodationsfor students from low - and
middle - income families since housing cost can beissue
financial aid help to bridge the gap between what
students can afford and actualcost of living on or near
[Link], the s tudy by Heller [2002 ] found that
financial aid is essential not just for tuition but for
supporting the full cost of attending university.
Furthermore, it found that financial aid help students to
persist in their studies and hence less dropping out due
to financial [Link], the criticism towards
financial aid implies that financial aid models are
insufficient to fully address the cost of living in
expensive urban areas where many universities are
[Link] literature agrees that financial ai d is
essential for ensuring students, especially thosefrom
low - income or marginalized backgrounds can afford
stable, safe and academically conducive housing.2.2.3
ACCESS AND AFFORDABILITY Research by AMUNGA
2024, which examined on demographic factors af
fecting stude nts ’ preferences for university housing in
L aikipia university that involved anumber of
respondents found that access and affordability of
hostel is related to students ’

choice on university [Link] research found that

relationship help student on access to affordable
accommodations as essential this help ensure d
students can attend college [Link]
housing options impacted positivel y with regard to
students ’ different backgrounds to attend university .
Further the study by P erna and Jones [2013]
highlighted that in the case of lack of affordable
housing options limits access for the newly admitted
students and also the continuing [Link]
suggested for the university to have create more
accessible housing to promote mobil ity and
educational [Link] other studies have another
view on the same there is high demand for affordable
housing due to increased number of students in the
university .This makes insufficiency that limits on access
to housing [Link] is literature brings to
attention the factor of affordability as a pivotal role on
students’ access to housing and accommodation.
[Link] PROXIMITY DISTANCE [Link]
ACCESSIBILITY AND CONVENIENCE Research by
AMUNGA 2024, which examined on demographic
factors affecting students’ preferencesfor university
housing in Laikipia university that involved a number of
respondents found that convenienceand accessibility in
terms of proximity distance related to the students’
choice of university [Link] relation ship helped
students on their decision in making decision on
university [Link] accessibility enhanced their
overall life in school through the research it’s realized
that students decide on where they live in relation to
available transport state.

S tudents prefer to live near campus when transport is

inconvenience and vice versa they decide to live far
when transport system is [Link] research
by Lopez et al [2021] highlighted that students friendly
transport routes canreduce the burden of relying on
campus - centric amenities thus making
accommodation far awayviable [Link] findings
suggest that students often weigh both academic and
non - academic factorswhen choosing accommodation
and access to comprehensive transport system is key e
nsuring a satisfactoryliving [Link], some
research had contrary idea on the same such that
research by Smithand Williams found majority of
students prefer on - campus accommodation due to
social andacademic advantage it [Link] literatu
re reveals that while the convenience and accessibility
of transport systems playsignificant role in shaping
students’ accommodation choices, several contrary
factors complicate this relationship.[Link] TIME
MANAGEMENT Research by AMUNGA 2024, which
examined on demographic factors affecting students’
preferences for university housing in Laikipia university.
It involved a number of respondents and found that
time management in terms of proximity distance
related with stu dents’ preferences since academic
[Link] management helps students with
ability to plan, prioritize and execute tasks efficiently.
Proximity to campus facilities is key factor that
influences students time [Link]
indicates that stud ents prefer housing that is within
walking distance to academic buildings, libraries and
other campus [Link] desire helps to minimize
the time available for studying and participating in
campus [Link] living closer to campus allows
st udents to save time on commuting that is redirected
to other activities such as attending [Link]
research in Stockholm, have highlighted that
accessibility to public transport and proximity to
campus are significant predictors that residential sa
[Link] literature suggests that proximity to
campus and effective time management are closely
linked to students’ housing [Link] research
could explore the impact of remote learning on
housing preferences, considering the increasing trend
towards online education.[Link] NOISE POLLUTION.
Research by AMUNGA 2024, which explore how noise
pollution in
relation to proximity distance and its influence on
students’ preferences for university [Link]
was done by a number of respondent and found that
noise pollution whichis unwanted sounds that disrupt
daily activities and has negative effect for students that
canlead to stress, sleep disturbance reduce
concentration hence effecting academic performance
houses nearing such noisepollution activities are
deterrent to students who seek conducive
environment.

Further the relationship between noise pollution and

proximity distance significantly influences students
housing [Link] prefers housing that
balances between being close e nough from major
noise sources to ensure conducive living environment.
From the research students generally prefer to quit
environment that support their academic and personal
well - [Link] should consider these housing
preferences when plannin g and allocating students
housing to enhance residential satisfaction and overall
students ’ success.2 .2.5.0 SECURITY [Link] PEACE OF
MIND Research by AMUNGA 2024, which examined
how peace of mind in relation to security and its
influence on students’ preferences for university
[Link] research comprised of a number of
respondents and found that since security isa
fundamental factor stu dents prioritize safety when
selecting accommodation as it directly affects their
peace of mind and overall well - [Link]
environment can lead to heightened stress and anxiety,
negatively affecting academic performance and mental
[Link], se curity remains top priority studies
shows that students are willing to pay higher rents for
accommodation with better security features.A secure
living environment allows students to focus on their
studies without the constant worry of potential threats.
In Laikipia university has implemented measures to
ensure the safety of its’ students.T hese efforts have
been positively received by students who report feeling
safer and more satisfied with their housing [Link]
relationship between peace of mind in terms of security
and students’ preferences for university housing is well
- documented.

Laikipia university proactive approach to enhancing

security in student housing serves as a model for other
institutions aiming to improve student satisfaction.
[Link] PRIVA CY AND [Link] by
AMUNGA 2024, which examines how privacy and
concerns in relation to security and influence on
students’ preferences for university [Link]
research comprised of a number of respondents and
found that privacy is a fundamental human need that
significantly impacts students’ housing preference.
Research indicates that students value privacy highly as
it contributes to their sense of autonomy and personal
[Link] design of student housing including the
layout and
the availability of private spaces, plays a critical role in
meeting these privacy needs studieshave shown that
students prioritize safety features such as secure entry
points, surveillance systems andwell - lit areas when
selecting accommo dation, while students desire
privacy they also needto feel [Link] suggests
that there can be a trade - off between these two
[Link], finding balance between ensuring
security and maintaining privacy is essential for student
satisfacti on.[Link] ASSISTANCE AND SUPPORT.
Research by AMUNGA 2024, which examined how
assistance and support in relation to security and its’
influence on students’ preferences for university
housing.
The research comprised of a number of respondents
and found that students prioritize accommodations
that offer robust security support, as it directly affects
their sense of safety and well - [Link] availability of
security assistance can alleviate concerns about
personal saf ety making certainhousing options more
attractive to students are willing to pay higher rents for
accommodations thatprovide comprehensive security
measures such emergency of hotlines and secure entry
[Link] sense of safety is crucial for fosterin g a
conducive learning environment and promoting
students’ retention and [Link] relationship
between assistance and support in terms of security
and students’ preferences for university housing is well
- [Link] a secure living environment
with adequate support services is essential for student
well - being and academic [Link] university
proactive approach to enhancing security in student
housing serves as a model of other institutions aiming
to improve student satisfaction and ret ention.2. 3.0
THEORATICAL FRAMEWORK 2.3 .1 Introduction This
extended theoretical framework aims to provide a
comprehensive approach tounderstanding the
relationship between various factors — privacy, security
concerns, security assistance, flexibility of payment
plans, financial aid, access and affordability, accessibility
and convenience, time management, and noise
pollution —and students’ preferences for university
housing at Laikipia [Link] integrating relevant
theories and concepts, this fram ework will guide the
analysis and interpretation of data in this context.2. 3.2
Privacy and Housing Preferences Theory of Privacy
Regulation: Altman’s theory of privacy

regulation suggests that individuals seek to control

their interactions with others to achieve desired levels
of [Link] the context of university housing, students’
preferences are influenced by their need for personal
space and [Link] designs that offer private
living spaces and minimize unwanted intrusions align
with this theory, thereby enhancing student
satisfaction.2. 3 .3 Security Concerns and Housing
Preferences Maslow’s
Hierarchy of Needs: According to Maslow’s hierarchy,
safety and security are fundamental human needs that
must be met before individuals can focus on higher -
level needs such as belongingand self - [Link]
the context of university housing, students prioritize
security features that ensure their physical safety and
peace of mind.2. 3 .4 Security Assistance and Support
Social Support Theory: This theory posits thatsocial
support, including emotional, informational, and
instrumental support, is crucial for individuals’ well -
[Link] the context of university housing, security
assistance and support services provide a form of
instrumental support that enhances students’ sense of
safety and well - being.2. 3 .5 Flexibility of Payment
Plans Behavioral Economics Theory: This theory
examines how psychological, social, cognitive, and
emotional factors affect economic [Link] in
payment plan s can reduce financial stress and make
housing more accessible to students from diverse
economic backgrounds.

Students are likely to prefer housing options that offer

flexible payment plans, as these plans can
accommodate their financial situations and red uce the
burden of lump - sum payments.2. 3 .6 Financial Aid
Human Capital Theory: This theory suggests that
investments in education and training are crucial for
improving individuals’ productivity and earning
[Link] aid can be seen as an inves tment in
students’ future [Link] options that are
eligible for financial aid or offer financial support are
likelyto be more attractive to students, as they reduce
the immediate financial burden and makehigher
education more accessible.2. 3 .7 Access and
Affordability Equity Theory: This theory focuses on the
fairness of resource [Link] the context of
university housing, access and affordability are critical
factors that influence students’ [Link]
that is affordable and a ccessible to all students,
regardless of their socioeconomic status, aligns with
the principles of equity and is likely to be preferred by
students.2. 3 .8 Accessibility and Convenience Theory
of Planned Behavior: This theory posits thatindividuals’
inten tions to engage in a behavior are influenced by
their attitudes, subjective norms,and perceived
behavioral [Link] and convenience of
housing, such as proximity to campus and availability of
amenities, can significantly influence students’ housing
[Link] are likely to prefer housing that is
conveniently located and easily accessible, as it reduces
travel time and enhances their overall university
experience.2 .3.9 Time Management Time Management
Theory: Effective time management is crucial for
academic success and personal well - being.
Housing options that support efficient time
management, such as those located near academic
buildings and with minimal commute times, are likely to
be preferred by [Link] options allow stude nts
to allocate more time to their studies and
extracurricular activities.[Link] Noise Pollution
Environmental Stress Theory: This theory suggests that
environmental stressors, such as noise pollution, can
negatively impact individuals’ well - being and p
[Link] the context of university housing,
students are likely to prefer accommodations that are
quiet and free from excessive noise, as this creates a
conducive environment for studying and relaxation.
[Link] Integration of Theories By integratin g these
theories, we can develop a comprehensive
understanding of students’ preferences for university
housing at Laikipia [Link] regulation theory
highlights the importance of personal space, Maslow’s
hierarchy emphasizes the needfor securit y, social
support theory underscores the value of security
assistance, and behavioral economicstheory explains
the importance of flexible payment [Link] capital
theory and equity theory address financial aid and
affordability, while the theoryof pl anned behavior and
time management theory focus on accessibility,
convenience, and time [Link]
stress theory highlights the impact of noise pollution on
housing preferences.[Link] Conclusion This extended
theoretical framework offers a structured approach to
studying the relationshipbetween various factors and
students’ preferences for university housing at Laikipia
University.

By applying relevant theories, we can better understand

the factors that drive students’ choices and develop
strategies to enhance their living and learning
environments.: Financial Constraints & Collegiate
Student Learning: A Behavioral Economics Perspective :
The NewFinancial Aid Policies: Their Impact on Access
and Equity For Low - Income Students :Optimizi ng
Financial Aid Allocation to Improve Access and
Affordability : Factors influencing university students’
accommodation choices: risk perception, safety, and
vulnerability : Student Preference on Choice of Higher
EducationInstitutions: A Case Study of La ikipia
University, Kenya : Environmental Stress Theory and Its
Application to Noise Pollution 2.4.0 Conceptual
Framework.2.4.1 Cost of Hostel Impact: The cost of
hostel accommodation is a primary factor influencing
students’ housing [Link] le housing options
are crucial for students, especially those from low -
income [Link] costs can deter students
from choosing on - campus housing, pushing them
towards more affordable off - campus options.2.4.2
Flexibility of Payment Impact: Flexibl e payment options,
such as installment plans or deferred payments, can
significantly ease the financial burden on [Link]
flexibility can make on - campus housing more
attractive, as it allows students to manage their
finances better and reduces the i mmediate financial
pressure. 2.4.3

Financial Aid Impact: Availability of financial aid, such as

scholarships or grants, can make a substantial
difference in students’ ability to afford [Link]
aid can bridge the gap between the cost of
accommodation and what students can afford, making
on - campus housing more accessible.2.4.4 Access and
Affordability Impact: Easy access to affordable housing
is essential for [Link] to campus facilities,
libraries, and classrooms can save ti me and
transportation costs, making on - campus housing a
preferred [Link] housing options ensure
that students can focus on their studies without the
stress of high living costs.2.4.5 Proximity Distance
Impact: The distance of housing from the university
affects students’ daily [Link] closer to the
campus is more convenient and reduces travel time,
allowing students to manage their time [Link]
proximity also enhances accessibility to campus
resources and activities.2.4.6 Conv enience and
Accessibility Impact: Convenient and accessible housing
options are highly preferred by [Link] such
as proximity to public transportation, grocery stores,
and other amenities make daily life easier and more
manageable for students.2.4.7 Time Management
Impact: Housing that allows students to save time on
commuting can positively impact their academic
performance and overall well - [Link] time spent
traveling means more time for studying, extracurricular
activities, and rest.2. 4.8 Noise Pollution Impact: Noise
levels in and around housing can affect students’ ability
to study and [Link] in quieter areas or with
soundproofing measures can provide a conducive
environment for academic success and personal well -
being.[Link] Security Impact: Security is a critical
concern for students when choosing housing.
Safe and secure housing options provide peace of
mind, allowing students to focus on their studies
without worrying about their personal safety.[Link]
Peace of M ind Impact: A secure and supportive
housing environment contributes to students’ mental
and emotional well - [Link] that they are in a
safe place allows students to concentrate better on
their academic and personal growth.[Link] Privacy
Concerns I mpact: Privacy is important for students,
especially in shared [Link] privacy
measures, such as private rooms or secure personal
spaces, can make housing more appealing to students
who value their personal space1.[Link] Assistance and
Support Impact: Availability of assistance and support
services in housing, suchas counseling, health services,
and academic support, can enhance students’ living
[Link] services provide additional layers of
support, contributing to a positive
and productive university [Link] factors
collectively shape students’ preferences for university
housing in Laikipia, influencing their decisions based on
affordability, convenience, security, and overall quality
of [Link] 3.3.0 Research Methodology.3.1
Introduction The study of demographic factors
affecting students’ preferences for university housing at
Laikipia University aims to explore how various
demographic variables influence students’ housing
choices.

This research is crucial as it provides insights into the

specific needs and preferences of the student
population, which can inform university housing
policies and improve student [Link] achieve
this, a mixed - methods approach will be employed,
combining both qu antitative and qualitative research
[Link] quantitative component will involve the
use of structured questionnaires distributed to a
representative sample of [Link] will allow for the
collection of data on various demographic factors such
as age, gender, year of study, and socioeconomic
status, and how these factors correlate with housing
[Link] qualitative component will include
focus group discussions and in - depth interviews with
a subset of the student [Link] methods w ill
provide a deeper understanding of the reasons behind
students’ housing preferences and the impact of
demographic factors on their [Link] qualitative
data will complement the quantitative findings, offering
a comprehensive view of the factors infl uencing
housing [Link] analysis will involve statistical
techniques to identify significant correlations and
patterns within thequantitative data, while thematic
analysis will be used to interpret the qualitative data.
This mixed - methods appro ach ensures a robust and
holistic understanding of the demographic factors
affecting students’ housing preferences at Laikipia
University.3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN The research will
adopt a mixed - methods design, integrating both
quantitative and qualitativ e [Link] design
allows for a comprehensive analysis of the
demographic factors influencing students’ housing
[Link] quantitative component will involve
structured questionnaires to gather numerical data on
demographic variables and hous ing [Link]
qualitative component will include focus group
discussions and in - depth interviews to gain deeper
insights into the reasons behind these preferences.3.3
STUDY AREA The study will be conducted at Laikipia
University, located in Laiki pia County, Kenya.

This university provides a diverse student population,

making it an ideal setting to explorehow various
demographic factors such as age, gender,
socioeconomic status, and year of study influence
housing [Link] campus environme nt and
available housing options will be closely examined to
understand their impact on student choices.3.4
TARGET POPULATION The
target population for this study includes all
undergraduate students enrolled at Laikipia University.
This population is ch osen because undergraduate
students are the primary users of university housing
facilities, and their preferences are likely to be
influenced by a range of demographic [Link]
study aims to capture a representative sample of this
population to ensure the findings are generalizable.3.5
SAMPLE AND SAMPLING PROCEDURES A stratified
random sampling technique will be used to select
[Link] student population will be divided into
strata based on key demographic variables such as
year of study, ge nder, and socioeconomic [Link]
each stratum, a random sample will be drawn to ensure
that all demographic groups are adequately
[Link] method helps in obtaining a sample
that reflects the diversity of the student body12.3.6
METHODS OF DATA COLLECTIONS Data will be
collected using a combination of structured
questionnaires and semi - structured [Link]
questionnaires will be designed to capture quantitative
data on demographic characteristics and housing
preferences.
The interviews and focus group discussions will provide
qualitative data, offering deeper insights into the
reasons behind students’ preferences and the influence
of demographic [Link] dual approach ensures a
comprehensive understanding of the research
problem34.3.7 METHODS OF DATA ANALYSIS
Quantitative data will be analyzed using statistical
techniques suchas descriptive statistics, correlation
analysis, and regression analysis to identify patterns
and relationships between demographicfactors and
housing pre [Link] data will be analyzed
using thematic analysis, which involves coding the data
and identifying key themes and [Link] mixed -
methods analysis will provide a robust understanding
of the factors influencing housing preferences5.3 .3
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS Ethical considerations are
paramount in this [Link] consent will be
obtained from all participants, ensuring they are fully
aware of the study’s purpose and their rights.
Confidentiality will be maintained by anonymiz ing the
data and securely storing all [Link]
will be assured that their responses will be used solely
for research [Link], the study will seek
approval from the university’s ethics review board to
ensure all ethical guide lines are adhered to.

Matched Sources

[Link]
[Link] exercise-e5864710-2fe7-426b-b269-3b086eaeab6
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[Link]
[Link] 6928/Data-Collection-and-Analysis-Pland
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