BIOSTATISTICS /

VITAL STATISTICS
PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING

Presented by :
Rizza Magtibay
Danica Real
 VITAL STATISTICS/
BIOSTATISTICS

Pertains to BIRTH and DEATH records in general, VITAL pertains to life

or concerning BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, DEATHS, and ILLNESSES.
The Science and Analysis of Vital on Population with particular
reference to Birth, Marriage, Morbidity and Mortality
VITAL STATISTICS
STATISTICS
STATISTICIAN
IMPORTANT TERMS

BIRTH CERTIFICATES
Contains the date and place of birth, the name and sex of the child; the
name, age, race, birthplace and residence of the parents; and the
occupation of the father
CASE FATALITY RATE (CFR)
The proportion of cases which end up fatality.
IMPORTANT TERMS

CAUSE-OF-DEATH RATE
Gives the rate of dying secondary to specific causes.
CENSUS
An official count of a population
CRUDE BIRTH RATE (CBR)
A measure of one characteristic of the natural growth or increase of a
population.
IMPORTANT TERMS

CRUDE or GENERAL RATES

These rates are referred to the total living population.
DEATH
Is the permanent disappearance of all evidence of life at any time after
live birth has taken place
DEATH CERTIFICATES
Death certificates are required by the Law.
IMPORTANT TERMS

FETAL DEATH
The death prior to the complete expulsion or extraction of a product of
conception from its mother, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy
FETAL DEATH RATE (FDR)
Measures pregnancy wastage.
INCIDENCE RATE (IR)
Measures the frequency of occurrence of the phenomenon during a
given period of time.
IMPORTANT TERMS

INFANT MORTALITY/DEATH
The death of an infant under one year of age.
INFANT MORTALITY RATE (IMR)
Measures the risk of dying during the 1st year of life.
GENERAL FERTILITY RATE (GFR)
More specific rate than the crude birth rate since births are related to
the segment of the population deemed to be capable of giving birth.
IMPORTANT TERMS

LATE FETAL DEATH

The death of fetus with 28 or more completed weeks of gestation.
LIVE BIRTH
The complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of
conception, irrespective of the duration of the pregnancy, which after
such separation, breathes or shows any other evidence of life,
IMPORTANT TERMS

MATERNAL MORTALITY/DEATH
The death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of
pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and the site of the pregnancy
MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE (MMR)
It measures the risk of dying from causes related to pregnancy, childbirth
and puerperium.
MORBIDITY STATISTICS
The statistics of disease
IMPORTANT TERMS

MORTALITY STATISTICS
Concerned with death and the causes of death.
NEONATAL DEATH
The death among live births during the first 28 completed days of life.
NEONATAL DEATH RATE (NDR)
Measures the risk of dying during the 1st month of life.
PLACE OF OCCURRENCE
Refers to the place where the vital event took place.
IMPORTANT TERMS

PREVALENCE RATE (PR)

Measures the proportion of the population which exhibits a particular
disease at a particular time.
PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY (PM)
Shows the numerical relationship between deaths from a cause, age etc.
and the total number of deaths from all causes in all ages taken together.
IMPORTANT TERMS

RATIO
It is used to describe the relationship between two (2) numerical
quantities or measures of events without taking particular considerations
to the time or place.
SPECIFIC DEATH RATE
Describes more accurately the risk of exposure of certain classes or
groups to particular diseases.
SPECIFIC RATE
The relationship is for a specific population class or group.
IMPORTANT TERMS

TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (TFR)

Refers to the number of children a woman would have by the time she
reaches age 50 under a given fixed fertility schedule.
USUAL RESIDENCE
Refers to the place where the person/deceased habitually or
permanently resides.
 SOURCES OF VITAL
STATISTICAL DATA

Vital events
Refer to marriages, births, deaths, fetal deaths, and all such
events that have something to do with an individual's entrance and
departure from life, together with the changes in civil status that may
have occurred during the lifetime of a person.
SOURCES OF VITAL STATISTICAL DATA

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

(WHO)
PHILIPPINE STATISTICS AUTHORITY
(PSA)

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (DOH)

APPLICATION AND RELEVANCE
TO ENVIRONMENTAL
SANITATION AND MEASURES
 PURPOSE

Community Health
Administrative Purpose
Health Programmed Organization
Legislation Purpose
Government Purpose
 USES:

To evaluate the impacts of various National Health Programmes.

To plan for better future measures of disease control.
To explain the hereditary nature of the disease.
To plan and evaluate economic and social development.
It is a primarily tool in research activities.
To determine the health status of individual.
To compare the health status of individual one nation with others.
POPULATION
PROJECTION / ESTIMATION
ARITHMETIC METHOD
where:
Pf = Pp + nk Pf – future population
Pp – present population
n – number of years
k – constant annual increase

GEOMETRIC METHOD
where:
Pf = Pp (1 + k)^n Pf – future population
Pp – present population
n – number of years
k – constant rate of increase
SAMPLE PROBLEM
A mid-size city recorded populations of 113 000 and 129
000 in the April 1980 and April 1990 census, respectively.
Estimate the population in April 1999.

ARITHMETIC METHOD
where:
Pf = Pp + nk Pf – future population
129 000 = 113 000 + (10) k Pp – present population
n – number of years
k = 1 600 k – constant annual increase

Pf = 113 000 + (19 x 1 600)

Pf = 143 400
FORMULA OF VITAL HEALTH
INDICATORS
ATTACK RATE (AR)

No. of persons acquiring a

disease registered in a given year
AR = 100
No. exposed to same disease
in same year

CASE FATALITY RATE (CFR)

No. of registered deaths from a

specific disease for a given year
CFR = 100
No. registered cases from the
same specific disease in same
year
CRUDE BIRTH RATE (CBR)

Total No. of live births registered in

a given calendar year
CBR = 1 000
Estimated population as of
July 1 of same year

CRUDE DEATH RATE (CDR)

Total No. of death registered in a

given calendar year
CDR = 1 000
Estimated population as of July 1
of same year
FETAL DEATH RATIO (FDR)
Total No. of fetal deaths registered
in a given calendar year
FDR = 1 000
Total No. live births registered
of same year

FETAL DEATH RATE (FDR)

Total No. of fetal deaths registered in

a given calendar year 1 000
FDR =
Total No. births (live births and
fetal death) registered of
same year
GENERAL FERTILITY RATE (GFR)

Number of registered live births in

a year
GFR = 1 000
Midyear population of women
15-44 years of age

INCIDENCE RATE (IR)

No. of new cases of particular
disease registered during a
specified period of time
IR = 100 000
Population at risk
INFANT MORTALITY RATE (IMR)
Total No. of deaths under 1 year of
age registered in a given
calendar year
IMR = 1 000
Total No. registered live births
of same calendar year
MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE (MMR)
Total No. of deaths from maternal
causes registered in a given
calendar year
MMR = 1 000
Total No. of women under
reproductive age
NEONATAL DEATH RATE (NDR)
No. of deaths under 28 days of
age registered in a given
calendar year
NDR = 1 000
No. of live births registered of
same year
PREVALENCE RATE (PR)
No. of new and old cases of a
certain disease registered
at a given time
PR = 100
Total No. of persons examined at
same given time
PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY (PM)
No. of registered deaths from
specific cause or age for a given
calendar year
PM = 100
No. of registered deaths from all
causes, all age in same year
SPECIFIC DEATH RATE (SDR)
Deaths in specific class or group
registered in a given
calendar year
SDR = 100 000
Estimated population as of July 1
in same specified class or
group of said year
SAMPLE DATA
HEALTH INDICES PHILIPPINES CALABARZON BATANGAS PROVINCE

Total Population 103 711 049 15 172 632 1 857 796

Total Live Births 1 731 289 251 344 30 071
Total Deaths 582 183 82 764 10 951
Infant Deaths 21 874 3 727 408
Maternal Deaths 1 483 213 25
Fetal Deaths 8 020 1 226 143
Female Population 27 138 604 251 344
(15 -49 yrs old)
SAMPLE DATA
DISEASES PHILIPPINES
CASES DEATHS
Pneumonia 786 085 57 720
Hypertension 886 203 33 452
Dengue Fever 40 158 1 936
Cholera 136 9
Measles 1 952 5
Diarrheas 174 418 5 393
Schistosomiasis 1 528 318
CRUDE BIRTH RATE (CBR) / PHILIPPINES

Total No. of live births registered in

a given calendar year
CBR = 1 000
Estimated population as of
July 1 of same year

1 731 289
= 1 000
103 711 049

CBR = 16.6934 per 1000

FETAL DEATH RATIO (FDR) / PHILIPPINES

Total No. of fetal death registered

in a given calendar year
FDR = 1 000
Total No. live births registered
of same year

8 020
= 1 000
1 731 289

FDR = 4.6324 per 1000

CASE FATALITY RATE (CFR) / PNEUMONIA

No. of registered death from a

specific disease for a given year
CFR = 1 00
No. registered cases from the
same specific disease in
same year

57 720
= 1 00
786 085

FDR = 7.3427 per 100

THANK YOU
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