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🎨 Introduction to Seaborn
Seaborn is a Python data visualization library built on top of Matplotlib. It provides a
high-level interface for creating attractive and informative statistical graphics with
less code.

🔹 Why Use Seaborn?

Built-in themes for visually appealing plots.
Simplifies complex visualizations like heatmaps, violin plots, and pair plots.
Works seamlessly with Pandas DataFrames.
Provides statistical insights directly in plots.
Supports automatic estimation and visualization of regression models.

🔹 Common Use Cases

✔ Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
✔ Statistical Data Visualization
✔ Relationship & Distribution Analysis
✔ Heatmaps & Correlation Analysis
📌 Let's explore Seaborn to create insightful visualizations! 🚀

Seaborn Roadmap
Types of Functions

Figure Level
Axis Level

Main Classification

Relational Plot
Distribution Plot
Categorical Plot
Regression Plot
Matrix Plot
Multiplots

[Link]

1. Relational Plot
to see the statistical relation between 2 or more variables.
Bivariate Analysis

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Plots under this section

scatterplot
lineplot

In [1]: import seaborn as sns

import [Link] as plt
import [Link] as px
import warnings
[Link]('ignore')

In [2]: tips = sns.load_dataset('tips')

tips

Out[2]: total_bill tip sex smoker day time size

0 16.99 1.01 Female No Sun Dinner 2

1 10.34 1.66 Male No Sun Dinner 3

2 21.01 3.50 Male No Sun Dinner 3

3 23.68 3.31 Male No Sun Dinner 2

4 24.59 3.61 Female No Sun Dinner 4

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

239 29.03 5.92 Male No Sat Dinner 3

240 27.18 2.00 Female Yes Sat Dinner 2

241 22.67 2.00 Male Yes Sat Dinner 2

242 17.82 1.75 Male No Sat Dinner 2

243 18.78 3.00 Female No Thur Dinner 2

244 rows × 7 columns

In [3]: # scatter plot -> axes level function

[Link](data = tips, x = 'total_bill', y = 'tip',hue = 'sex',

style = 'time',size = 'size')

Out[3]: <Axes: xlabel='total_bill', ylabel='tip'>

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In [4]: # relplot -> figure level -> square shape

[Link](data=tips, x='total_bill', y='tip', kind='scatter', hue='sex',

style='time', size='size')

Out[4]: <[Link] at 0x26e91ec7f50>

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In [5]: # line plot

gap = [Link]()
temp_df = gap[gap['country'] == 'India']
temp_df

Out[5]: country continent year lifeExp pop gdpPercap iso_alpha iso_num

696 India Asia 1952 37.373 372000000 546.565749 IND 356

697 India Asia 1957 40.249 409000000 590.061996 IND 356

698 India Asia 1962 43.605 454000000 658.347151 IND 356

699 India Asia 1967 47.193 506000000 700.770611 IND 356

700 India Asia 1972 50.651 567000000 724.032527 IND 356

701 India Asia 1977 54.208 634000000 813.337323 IND 356

702 India Asia 1982 56.596 708000000 855.723538 IND 356

703 India Asia 1987 58.553 788000000 976.512676 IND 356

704 India Asia 1992 60.223 872000000 1164.406809 IND 356

705 India Asia 1997 61.765 959000000 1458.817442 IND 356

706 India Asia 2002 62.879 1034172547 1746.769454 IND 356

707 India Asia 2007 64.698 1110396331 2452.210407 IND 356

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In [6]: # axes level function

[Link](data = temp_df, x = 'year', y = 'lifeExp')

Out[6]: <Axes: xlabel='year', ylabel='lifeExp'>

In [7]: # using Relplot

[Link](data = temp_df, x = 'year', y = 'lifeExp',kind = 'line')

Out[7]: <[Link] at 0x26e920153d0>

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In [8]: # hue -->> style

temp_df = gap[gap['country'].isin(['India','Pakistan','China'])]
temp_df

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Out[8]: country continent year lifeExp pop gdpPercap iso_alpha iso_num

288 China Asia 1952 44.00000 556263527 400.448611 CHN 156

289 China Asia 1957 50.54896 637408000 575.987001 CHN 156

290 China Asia 1962 44.50136 665770000 487.674018 CHN 156

291 China Asia 1967 58.38112 754550000 612.705693 CHN 156

292 China Asia 1972 63.11888 862030000 676.900092 CHN 156

293 China Asia 1977 63.96736 943455000 741.237470 CHN 156

294 China Asia 1982 65.52500 1000281000 962.421381 CHN 156

295 China Asia 1987 67.27400 1084035000 1378.904018 CHN 156

296 China Asia 1992 68.69000 1164970000 1655.784158 CHN 156

297 China Asia 1997 70.42600 1230075000 2289.234136 CHN 156

298 China Asia 2002 72.02800 1280400000 3119.280896 CHN 156

299 China Asia 2007 72.96100 1318683096 4959.114854 CHN 156

696 India Asia 1952 37.37300 372000000 546.565749 IND 356

697 India Asia 1957 40.24900 409000000 590.061996 IND 356

698 India Asia 1962 43.60500 454000000 658.347151 IND 356

699 India Asia 1967 47.19300 506000000 700.770611 IND 356

700 India Asia 1972 50.65100 567000000 724.032527 IND 356

701 India Asia 1977 54.20800 634000000 813.337323 IND 356

702 India Asia 1982 56.59600 708000000 855.723538 IND 356

703 India Asia 1987 58.55300 788000000 976.512676 IND 356

704 India Asia 1992 60.22300 872000000 1164.406809 IND 356

705 India Asia 1997 61.76500 959000000 1458.817442 IND 356

706 India Asia 2002 62.87900 1034172547 1746.769454 IND 356

707 India Asia 2007 64.69800 1110396331 2452.210407 IND 356

1164 Pakistan Asia 1952 43.43600 41346560 684.597144 PAK 586

1165 Pakistan Asia 1957 45.55700 46679944 747.083529 PAK 586

1166 Pakistan Asia 1962 47.67000 53100671 803.342742 PAK 586

1167 Pakistan Asia 1967 49.80000 60641899 942.408259 PAK 586

1168 Pakistan Asia 1972 51.92900 69325921 1049.938981 PAK 586

1169 Pakistan Asia 1977 54.04300 78152686 1175.921193 PAK 586

1170 Pakistan Asia 1982 56.15800 91462088 1443.429832 PAK 586

1171 Pakistan Asia 1987 58.24500 105186881 1704.686583 PAK 586

1172 Pakistan Asia 1992 60.83800 120065004 1971.829464 PAK 586

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country continent year lifeExp pop gdpPercap iso_alpha iso_num

1173 Pakistan Asia 1997 61.81800 135564834 2049.350521 PAK 586

1174 Pakistan Asia 2002 63.61000 153403524 2092.712441 PAK 586

1175 Pakistan Asia 2007 65.48300 169270617 2605.947580 PAK 586

In [9]: [Link](kind = 'line', data = temp_df, x = 'year',y = 'lifeExp',

hue = 'country')

Out[9]: <[Link] at 0x26e9209d010>

In [10]: [Link](data = temp_df,x = 'year', y = 'lifeExp',hue = 'country')

Out[10]: <Axes: xlabel='year', ylabel='lifeExp'>

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In [11]: temp_df = gap[gap['country'].isin(['India','Brazil','Germany'])]

temp_df

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Out[11]: country continent year lifeExp pop gdpPercap iso_alpha iso_num

168 Brazil Americas 1952 50.917 56602560 2108.944355 BRA 76

169 Brazil Americas 1957 53.285 65551171 2487.365989 BRA 76

170 Brazil Americas 1962 55.665 76039390 3336.585802 BRA 76

171 Brazil Americas 1967 57.632 88049823 3429.864357 BRA 76

172 Brazil Americas 1972 59.504 100840058 4985.711467 BRA 76

173 Brazil Americas 1977 61.489 114313951 6660.118654 BRA 76

174 Brazil Americas 1982 63.336 128962939 7030.835878 BRA 76

175 Brazil Americas 1987 65.205 142938076 7807.095818 BRA 76

176 Brazil Americas 1992 67.057 155975974 6950.283021 BRA 76

177 Brazil Americas 1997 69.388 168546719 7957.980824 BRA 76

178 Brazil Americas 2002 71.006 179914212 8131.212843 BRA 76

179 Brazil Americas 2007 72.390 190010647 9065.800825 BRA 76

564 Germany Europe 1952 67.500 69145952 7144.114393 DEU 276

565 Germany Europe 1957 69.100 71019069 10187.826650 DEU 276

566 Germany Europe 1962 70.300 73739117 12902.462910 DEU 276

567 Germany Europe 1967 70.800 76368453 14745.625610 DEU 276

568 Germany Europe 1972 71.000 78717088 18016.180270 DEU 276

569 Germany Europe 1977 72.500 78160773 20512.921230 DEU 276

570 Germany Europe 1982 73.800 78335266 22031.532740 DEU 276

571 Germany Europe 1987 74.847 77718298 24639.185660 DEU 276

572 Germany Europe 1992 76.070 80597764 26505.303170 DEU 276

573 Germany Europe 1997 77.340 82011073 27788.884160 DEU 276

574 Germany Europe 2002 78.670 82350671 30035.801980 DEU 276

575 Germany Europe 2007 79.406 82400996 32170.374420 DEU 276

696 India Asia 1952 37.373 372000000 546.565749 IND 356

697 India Asia 1957 40.249 409000000 590.061996 IND 356

698 India Asia 1962 43.605 454000000 658.347151 IND 356

699 India Asia 1967 47.193 506000000 700.770611 IND 356

700 India Asia 1972 50.651 567000000 724.032527 IND 356

701 India Asia 1977 54.208 634000000 813.337323 IND 356

702 India Asia 1982 56.596 708000000 855.723538 IND 356

703 India Asia 1987 58.553 788000000 976.512676 IND 356

704 India Asia 1992 60.223 872000000 1164.406809 IND 356

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country continent year lifeExp pop gdpPercap iso_alpha iso_num

705 India Asia 1997 61.765 959000000 1458.817442 IND 356

706 India Asia 2002 62.879 1034172547 1746.769454 IND 356

707 India Asia 2007 64.698 1110396331 2452.210407 IND 356

In [12]: [Link](kind='line', data=temp_df, x='year', y='lifeExp', hue='country',

style='continent', size='continent')

Out[12]: <[Link] at 0x26e92009690>

In [13]: # facet plot -> figure level function -> work with relplot
# it will not work with scatterplot and lineplot

[Link](data=tips, x='total_bill', y='tip', kind='scatter', col='sex',

row='day')

Out[13]: <[Link] at 0x26e932c0d50>

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In [14]: # col wrap

[Link](data = gap, x = 'lifeExp', y = 'gdpPercap',kind = 'scatter',

col = 'year',col_wrap = 3)

Out[14]: <[Link] at 0x26e93410a50>

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2. Distribution Plots
used for univariate analysis
used to find out the distribution
Range of the observation
Central Tendency
is the data bimodal?
Are there outliers?

Plots under distribution plot

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histplot
kdeplot
rugplot

In [15]: # plotting univariate histogram

[Link](data=tips, x='total_bill')

Out[15]: <Axes: xlabel='total_bill', ylabel='Count'>

In [16]: [Link](data=tips, x='total_bill', kind='hist')

Out[16]: <[Link] at 0x26e958a6a10>

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In [17]: # bins parameter

[Link](data=tips, x='total_bill', kind='hist',bins=2)

Out[17]: <[Link] at 0x26e959519d0>

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In [18]: # It’s also possible to visualize the distribution of a categorical variable

# using the logic of a histogram

# Discrete bins are automatically set for categorical variables

# countplot
[Link](data=tips, x='day', kind='hist')

Out[18]: <[Link] at 0x26e966f3d90>

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In [19]: # hue parameter

[Link](data=tips, x='tip', kind='hist',hue='sex')

Out[19]: <[Link] at 0x26e93883e50>

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In [20]: # element -> step

[Link](data=tips, x='tip', kind='hist',hue='sex',element='step')

Out[20]: <[Link] at 0x26e96636650>

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In [21]: titanic = sns.load_dataset('titanic')

titanic

Out[21]: survived pclass sex age sibsp parch fare embarked class who

0 0 3 male 22.0 1 0 7.2500 S Third man

1 1 1 female 38.0 1 0 71.2833 C First woman

2 1 3 female 26.0 0 0 7.9250 S Third woman

3 1 1 female 35.0 1 0 53.1000 S First woman

4 0 3 male 35.0 0 0 8.0500 S Third man

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

886 0 2 male 27.0 0 0 13.0000 S Second man

887 1 1 female 19.0 0 0 30.0000 S First woman

888 0 3 female NaN 1 2 23.4500 S Third woman

889 1 1 male 26.0 0 0 30.0000 C First man

890 0 3 male 32.0 0 0 7.7500 Q Third man

891 rows × 15 columns

In [22]: [Link](data=titanic, x='age', kind='hist',element='step',hue='sex')

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Out[22]: <[Link] at 0x26e965ad250>

In [23]: # faceting using col and row -> not work on histplot function

[Link](data=tips, x='tip', kind='hist',col='sex',element='step')

Out[23]: <[Link] at 0x26e977f8c90>

In [24]: # kdeplot
# Rather than using discrete bins, a KDE plot smooths the observations with a
# Gaussian kernel, producing a continuous density estimate

[Link](data=tips,x='total_bill')

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Out[24]: <Axes: xlabel='total_bill', ylabel='Density'>

In [25]: [Link](data=tips,x='total_bill',kind='kde')

Out[25]: <[Link] at 0x26e977d99d0>

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In [26]: # hue -> fill

[Link](data=tips,x='total_bill',kind='kde',hue='sex',fill=True,
height=10,aspect=2)

Out[26]: <[Link] at 0x26e97c7e410>

In [27]: # Rugplot

# Plot marginal distributions by drawing ticks along the x and y axes.

# This function is intended to complement other plots by showing the

# location of individual observations in an unobtrusive way.

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[Link](data=tips,x='total_bill')
[Link](data=tips,x='total_bill')

Out[27]: <Axes: xlabel='total_bill', ylabel='Density'>

In [28]: # Bivariate histogram

# A bivariate histogram bins the data within rectangles that tile the plot
# and then shows the count of observations within each rectangle with the fill
# color

[Link](data=tips, x='total_bill', y='tip')

Out[28]: <Axes: xlabel='total_bill', ylabel='tip'>

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In [29]: [Link](data=tips, x='total_bill', y='tip',kind='hist')

Out[29]: <[Link] at 0x26e9a275b50>

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In [30]: # Bivariate Kdeplot

# a bivariate KDE plot smoothes the (x, y) observations with a 2D Gaussian
[Link](data=tips, x='total_bill', y='tip')

Out[30]: <Axes: xlabel='total_bill', ylabel='tip'>

2. Matrix Plot
Heatmap
Clustermap

In [31]: # Heatmap

# Plot rectangular data as a color-encoded matrix

temp_df = [Link](index='country',columns='year',values='lifeExp')

# axes level function

[Link](figsize=(15,15))
[Link](temp_df)

Out[31]: <Axes: xlabel='year', ylabel='country'>

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In [32]: # annot
temp_df = gap[gap['continent'] == 'Europe'].pivot(index='country',columns='year'

[Link](figsize=(15,15))
[Link](temp_df,annot=True,linewidth=0.5, cmap='summer')

Out[32]: <Axes: xlabel='year', ylabel='country'>

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In [33]: # Clustermap

# Plot a matrix dataset as a hierarchically-clustered heatmap.

# This function requires scipy to be available.

iris = [Link]()
iris

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Out[33]: sepal_length sepal_width petal_length petal_width species species_id

0 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa 1

1 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa 1

2 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa 1

3 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa 1

4 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa 1

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

145 6.7 3.0 5.2 2.3 virginica 3

146 6.3 2.5 5.0 1.9 virginica 3

147 6.5 3.0 5.2 2.0 virginica 3

148 6.2 3.4 5.4 2.3 virginica 3

149 5.9 3.0 5.1 1.8 virginica 3

150 rows × 6 columns

In [34]: [Link]([Link][:,[0,1,2,3]])

Out[34]: <[Link] at 0x26e9a505850>

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TASK
In [35]: import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

import [Link] as plt

import seaborn as sns

[Link]("ggplot")

In [36]: # code here

import [Link] as px
df = [Link]()
[Link]()

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Out[36]: country continent year lifeExp pop gdpPercap iso_alpha iso_num

0 Afghanistan Asia 1952 28.801 8425333 779.445314 AFG 4

1 Afghanistan Asia 1957 30.332 9240934 820.853030 AFG 4

2 Afghanistan Asia 1962 31.997 10267083 853.100710 AFG 4

3 Afghanistan Asia 1967 34.020 11537966 836.197138 AFG 4

4 Afghanistan Asia 1972 36.088 13079460 739.981106 AFG 4

In [37]: [Link](data=[Link]('year == 2007'), x='gdpPercap',y='lifeExp'

,hue='continent',size='pop')

Out[37]: <Axes: xlabel='gdpPercap', ylabel='lifeExp'>

In [38]: # code here

df = pd.read_csv('[Link]
[Link]()

Out[38]: index PatientID age gender bmi bloodpressure diabetic children smoker

0 0 1 39.0 male 23.2 91 Yes 0 No sou

1 1 2 24.0 male 30.1 87 No 0 No sou

2 2 3 NaN male 33.3 82 Yes 0 No sou

3 3 4 NaN male 33.7 80 No 0 No nor

4 4 5 NaN male 34.1 100 No 0 No nor

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In [39]: temp_df = df[df['age'] < df['age'].quantile(0.70)]

temp_df = temp_df[temp_df['bmi'] > temp_df['bmi'].mean()]

In [40]: [Link](figsize=(12,8))
[Link](data=temp_df, x='age', y='bmi', hue='diabetic',size='claim',
style='smoker')
[Link]()

In [41]: # Code here

[Link](data = [Link]("bloodpressure >= 90 and bloodpressure <= 100"),
x='bloodpressure', y='children',hue='smoker',err_style=None)

Out[41]: <Axes: xlabel='bloodpressure', ylabel='children'>

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In [42]: # code here

[Link](data=df,x='age',hue='smoker',kind='hist', col='gender')

Out[42]: <[Link] at 0x26e9a9f8d10>

In [43]: # code here

[Link](data=df,x='bloodpressure',y='age')

Out[43]: <Axes: xlabel='bloodpressure', ylabel='age'>

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In [44]: # code here

[Link](df[['age','bmi','bloodpressure']].dropna())

Out[44]: <[Link] at 0x26e9a999690>

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In [45]: [Link]().sum()

Out[45]: index 0
PatientID 0
age 5
gender 0
bmi 0
bloodpressure 0
diabetic 0
children 0
smoker 0
region 3
claim 0
dtype: int64

Categorical Plots
Categorical Scatter Plot
Stripplot
Swarmplot

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Categorical Distribution Plots

Boxplot
Violinplot

Categorical Estimate Plot -> for central tendency

Barplot
Pointplot
Countplot

Figure level function -> catplot

In [46]: [Link](data = tips, x = 'total_bill', y = 'tip')

Out[46]: <Axes: xlabel='total_bill', ylabel='tip'>

In [47]: # strip plot

# axes level function

[Link](data = tips, x= 'day', y = 'total_bill')

Out[47]: <Axes: xlabel='day', ylabel='total_bill'>

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In [48]: # using catplot

# figure level function

[Link](data = tips, x = 'day', y = 'total_bill', kind = 'strip')

Out[48]: <[Link] at 0x26e9dc9ff90>

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In [49]: # jitter

[Link](data = tips, x = 'day', y = 'total_bill', kind = 'strip',

jitter = 0.2,hue = 'sex')

Out[49]: <[Link] at 0x26e9a933dd0>

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In [50]: # swarm plot

[Link](data = tips, x = 'day', y = 'total_bill', kind = 'swarm')

Out[50]: <[Link] at 0x26e9e809f10>

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In [51]: [Link](data = tips, x = 'day', y = 'total_bill')

Out[51]: <Axes: xlabel='day', ylabel='total_bill'>

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In [52]: # hue
[Link](data = tips, x = 'day', y = 'total_bill',hue = 'sex')

Out[52]: <Axes: xlabel='day', ylabel='total_bill'>

Boxplot
A boxplot is a standardized way of displaying the distribution of data based on a
five number summary (“minimum”, first quartile [Q1], median, third quartile [Q3]
and “maximum”). It can tell you about your outliers and what their values are.
Boxplots can also tell you if your data is symmetrical, how tightly your data is
grouped and if and how your data is skewed.

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In [53]: # Box plot

[Link](data = tips, x = 'day', y = 'total_bill')

Out[53]: <Axes: xlabel='day', ylabel='total_bill'>

In [54]: # Using catplot

[Link](data = tips, x = 'day', y = 'total_bill', kind = 'box')

Out[54]: <[Link] at 0x26e9ea86190>

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In [55]: # Hue

[Link](data = tips, x = 'day', y = 'total_bill', hue = 'sex')

Out[55]: <Axes: xlabel='day', ylabel='total_bill'>

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In [56]: # single boxplot -->> numerical col

[Link](data = tips, y = 'total_bill')

Out[56]: <Axes: ylabel='total_bill'>

Violinplot = (Boxplot + KDEplot)

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In [57]: # Violin plot

[Link](data = tips, x = 'day', y = 'total_bill')

Out[57]: <Axes: xlabel='day', ylabel='total_bill'>

In [58]: [Link](data = tips, x = 'day',y = 'total_bill',kind = 'violin')

Out[58]: <[Link] at 0x26e9ea19550>

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In [59]: # hue

[Link](data = tips, x = 'day',y = 'total_bill',kind = 'violin',

hue = 'sex', split = True)

Out[59]: <[Link] at 0x26e9ff37bd0>

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In [60]: # barplot
# some issue with errorbar

import numpy as np
[Link](data = tips, x = 'sex', y = 'total_bill',hue = 'smoker',
estimator = [Link])

Out[60]: <Axes: xlabel='sex', ylabel='total_bill'>

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In [61]: [Link](data = tips, x = 'sex', y = 'total_bill', ci = None)

Out[61]: <Axes: xlabel='sex', ylabel='total_bill'>

In [62]: # point plot

[Link](data = tips, x = 'sex', y= 'total_bill',hue = 'smoker',ci = None)

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Out[62]: <Axes: xlabel='sex', ylabel='total_bill'>

When there are multiple observations in each category, it also uses bootstrapping
to compute a confidence interval around the estimate, which is plotted using error
bars

In [63]: # countplot

[Link](data = tips, x = 'sex', hue = 'day')

Out[63]: <Axes: xlabel='sex', ylabel='count'>

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A special case for the bar plot is when you want to show the number of
observations in each category rather than computing a statistic for a second
variable. This is similar to a histogram over a categorical, rather than quantitative,
variable

In [64]: # Faceting using catplot

[Link](data = tips, x = 'sex', y= 'total_bill',col = 'smoker',

kind = 'box', row = 'time')

Out[64]: <[Link] at 0x26ea0066190>

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Regression Plots
regplot
lmplot

In the simplest invocation, both functions draw a scatterplot of two variables, x and
y, and then fit the regression model y ~ x and plot the resulting regression line and
a 95% confidence interval for that regression.

In [66]: # axis level

# hue parameter is not available

[Link](data = tips, x = 'total_bill', y = 'tip')

Out[66]: <Axes: xlabel='total_bill', ylabel='tip'>

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In [67]: [Link](data = tips, x = 'total_bill', y = 'tip', hue = 'sex')

Out[67]: <[Link] at 0x26e9e9469d0>

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In [68]: # residplot

[Link](data = tips, x = 'total_bill', y = 'tip')

Out[68]: <Axes: xlabel='total_bill', ylabel='tip'>

A second way to plot Facet plots -> FacetGrid

In [69]: # figure level -->> relplot -->> distplot -->> catplot -->>lmplot

[Link](data = tips, x = 'sex', y = 'total_bill',kind = 'violin',

col = 'day', row = 'time')

Out[69]: <[Link] at 0x26ea1d52cd0>

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Plotting Pairwise Relationship (PairGrid Vs

Pairplot)
In [70]: [Link](iris, hue = 'species')

Out[70]: <[Link] at 0x26e9e9c6f90>

In [71]: # pair grid

g = [Link](data = iris, hue = 'species')

# [Link]
[Link]([Link])

Out[71]: <[Link] at 0x26ea33e1d50>

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In [72]: import warnings

[Link]('ignore')

In [73]: # map_diag -->> map_offdiag

g = [Link](data = iris, hue = 'species')

g.map_diag([Link])
# g.map_offdiag([Link]) ## PairGrid.map_offdiag(func, **kwargs)
g.map_offdiag([Link])

Out[73]: <[Link] at 0x26ea69b6150>

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In [74]: print([Link]().sum())

sepal_length 0
sepal_width 0
petal_length 0
petal_width 0
species 0
species_id 0
dtype: int64

In [75]: # map_diag -> map_upper -> map_lower

g = [Link](data=iris,hue='species')
g.map_diag([Link])
print([Link]().sum())
## PairGrid.map_upper(func, **kwargs)
g.map_lower([Link]) ## PairGrid.map_lower(func, **kwargs)

sepal_length 0
sepal_width 0
petal_length 0
petal_width 0
species 0
species_id 0
dtype: int64

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Out[75]: <[Link] at 0x26ea406b910>

In [76]: # vars
g = [Link](data=iris,hue='species',vars=['sepal_width','petal_width'])
g.map_diag([Link])
g.map_upper([Link])
g.map_lower([Link])

Out[76]: <[Link] at 0x26eaa6ccc90>

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JointGrid Vs Jointplot
In [77]: [Link](data=tips,x='total_bill',y='tip',kind='hist',hue='sex')

Out[77]: <[Link] at 0x26eaa7d0b50>

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In [78]: g = [Link](data=tips,x='total_bill',y='tip')
[Link]([Link],[Link])

Out[78]: <[Link] at 0x26eaa5abc90>

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Utility Functions
In [79]: # get dataset names

sns.get_dataset_names()

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Out[79]: ['anagrams',
'anscombe',
'attention',
'brain_networks',
'car_crashes',
'diamonds',
'dots',
'dowjones',
'exercise',
'flights',
'fmri',
'geyser',
'glue',
'healthexp',
'iris',
'mpg',
'penguins',
'planets',
'seaice',
'taxis',
'tips',
'titanic',
'anagrams',
'anagrams',
'anscombe',
'anscombe',
'attention',
'attention',
'brain_networks',
'brain_networks',
'car_crashes',
'car_crashes',
'diamonds',
'diamonds',
'dots',
'dots',
'dowjones',
'dowjones',
'exercise',
'exercise',
'flights',
'flights',
'fmri',
'fmri',
'geyser',
'geyser',
'glue',
'glue',
'healthexp',
'healthexp',
'iris',
'iris',
'mpg',
'mpg',
'penguins',
'penguins',
'planets',
'planets',
'seaice',
'seaice',

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'taxis',
'taxis',
'tips',
'tips',
'titanic',
'titanic',
'anagrams',
'anscombe',
'attention',
'brain_networks',
'car_crashes',
'diamonds',
'dots',
'dowjones',
'exercise',
'flights',
'fmri',
'geyser',
'glue',
'healthexp',
'iris',
'mpg',
'penguins',
'planets',
'seaice',
'taxis',
'tips',
'titanic']

In [80]: # load dataset

planets = pd.read_csv("[Link]

In [81]: import seaborn as sns

import [Link] as plt

tips = sns.load_dataset('tips')

Themeing
set_theme

Set aspects of the visual theme for all matplotlib and seaborn plots.

axes_style

Get the parameters that control the general style of the plots.

set_style

Set the parameters that control the general style of the plots.

plotting_context

Get the parameters that control the scaling of plot elements.

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set_context

Set the parameters that control the scaling of plot elements.

set_color_codes

Change how matplotlib color shorthands are interpreted.

reset_defaults

Restore all RC params to default settings.

reset_orig

Restore all RC params to original settings (respects custom rc).

set_theme function :
This function is used to set the theme of your plots, it can take a variety of
inputs such as 'darkgrid', 'whitegrid', 'dark', 'white' or 'ticks'.

Example:

In [83]: [Link]()

Out[83]: total_bill tip sex smoker day time size

0 16.99 1.01 Female No Sun Dinner 2

1 10.34 1.66 Male No Sun Dinner 3

2 21.01 3.50 Male No Sun Dinner 3

3 23.68 3.31 Male No Sun Dinner 2

4 24.59 3.61 Female No Sun Dinner 4

In [84]: [Link](x=["A", "B", "C"], y=[1, 3, 2])

Out[84]: <Axes: >

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In [85]: # Using whitegrid

sns.set_theme(style='whitegrid')
[Link](x=["A", "B", "C"], y=[1, 3, 2])

Out[85]: <Axes: >

In [86]: # Using dark background

sns.set_theme(style='dark')
[Link](x=["A", "B", "C"], y=[1, 3, 2])

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Out[86]: <Axes: >

axes_style function :
This function is used to set the style of the axes of your plots. It can take a variety of
inputs such as 'white', 'dark', 'ticks' or a dictionary with key-value pairs of valid style
options.

In [87]: # Example:
sns.axes_style(style = 'white')
[Link](x=["A", "B", "C"], y=[1, 3, 2])

Out[87]: <Axes: >

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In [88]: # Use the function as a context manager to temporarily change the style of your
# plots:

with sns.axes_style("white"):
[Link](x=[1, 2, 3], y=[2, 5, 3])

In [89]: sns.get_data_home()

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Out[89]: 'C:\\Users\\goura\\AppData\\Local\\seaborn\\seaborn\\Cache'

In [91]: iris = sns.load_dataset('iris')

# Set the style of the axes to "darkgrid"
sns.set_style("whitegrid")

# Create a scatter plot of sepal length vs sepal width

[Link](x="sepal_length", y="sepal_width", data=iris)

# Show the plot

[Link]()

Scaling Figure Styles - sns.set_context()

Matplotlib allows you to generate powerful plots, but styling those plots for different
presentation purposes is difficult. Seaborn makes it easy to produce the same plots in a
variety of different visual formats so you can customize the presentation of your data for
the appropriate context, whether it be a research paper or a conference poster.

You can set the visual format, or context, using sns.set_context()

Within the usage of sns.set_context() , there are three levels of complexity:

Pass in one parameter that adjusts the scale of the plot

Pass in two parameters - one for the scale and the other for the font size
Pass in three parameters - including the previous two, as well as the rc with the style
parameter that you want to override

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Scaling Plots
Seaborn has four presets which set the size of the plot and allow you to customize your
figure depending on how it will be presented.

In order of relative size they are: paper , notebook , talk , and poster . The
notebook style is the default.

In [92]: sns.set_style("ticks")

# Smallest context: paper

sns.set_context("paper")
[Link](x="day", y="total_bill", data=tips)

Out[92]: <Axes: xlabel='day', ylabel='total_bill'>

In [93]: sns.set_style("ticks")

# Largest Context: poster

sns.set_context("poster")
[Link](x="day", y="total_bill", data=tips)

Out[93]: <Axes: xlabel='day', ylabel='total_bill'>

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Scaling Fonts and Line Widths

You are also able to change the size of the text using the font_scale parameter for
sns.set_context()

You may want to also change the line width so it matches. We do this with the rc
parameter, which we’ll explain in detail below.

In [94]: # Set font scale and reduce grid line width to match
sns.set_style("darkgrid")

sns.set_context("poster", font_scale = .5, rc={"[Link]": 1.5})

[Link](x="day", y="total_bill", data=tips)

Out[94]: <Axes: xlabel='day', ylabel='total_bill'>

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While you’re able to change these parameters, you should keep in mind
that it’s not always useful to make certain changes. Notice in this example
that we’ve changed the line width, but because of it’s relative size to the
plot, it distracts from the actual plotted data.

In [95]: # Set font scale and increase grid line width to match
sns.set_context("poster", font_scale = .8, rc={"[Link]": 5})
[Link](x="day", y="total_bill", data=tips)

Out[95]: <Axes: xlabel='day', ylabel='total_bill'>

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The RC Parameter
As we mentioned above, if you want to override any of these standards, you can use
sns.set_context and pass in the parameter rc to target and reset the value of an
individual parameter in a dictionary. rc stands for the phrase ‘run command’ -
essentially, configurations which will execute when you run your code.

In [96]: # Plotting context function

sns.plotting_context()
# These are the property you can tweak in rc parameter

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Out[96]: {'[Link]': 19.200000000000003,

'[Link]': 19.200000000000003,
'[Link]': 19.200000000000003,
'[Link]': 17.6,
'[Link]': 17.6,
'[Link]': 17.6,
'legend.title_fontsize': 19.200000000000003,
'[Link]': 2.5,
'[Link]': 5.0,
'[Link]': 3.0,
'[Link]': 12.0,
'[Link]': 2.0,
'[Link]': 2.5,
'[Link]': 2.5,
'[Link]': 2.0,
'[Link]': 2.0,
'[Link]': 12.0,
'[Link]': 12.0,
'[Link]': 8.0,
'[Link]': 8.0}

seaborn.set_color_codes(palette=’deep’)
Change how matplotlib color shorthands are interpreted.

Calling this will change how shorthand codes like “b” or “g” are interpreted by matplotlib
in subsequent plots.

Parameters:

palette : {deep, muted, pastel, dark, bright, colorblind}

Named seaborn palette to use as the source of colors.

In [102… # 'b' color code with deep palette

sns.set_color_codes(palette='deep')
[Link](data=tips, x='total_bill', y='tip', color='b')

Out[102… <[Link] at 0x26eab794d50>

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In [103… # 'b' color code with pastel palette

sns.set_color_codes(palette='pastel')
[Link](data=tips, x='total_bill', y='tip', color='b')

Out[103… <[Link] at 0x26eab810d50>

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Color palettes
set_palette

Set the matplotlib color cycle using a seaborn palette.

color_palette

Return a list of colors or continuous colormap defining a palette.

husl_palette

Return hues with constant lightness and saturation in the HUSL system.

hls_palette

Return hues with constant lightness and saturation in the HLS system.

cubehelix_palette

Make a sequential palette from the cubehelix system.

dark_palette

Make a sequential palette that blends from dark to color.

light_palette

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Make a sequential palette that blends from light to color.

diverging_palette

Make a diverging palette between two HUSL colors.

blend_palette

Make a palette that blends between a list of colors.

xkcd_palette

Make a palette with color names from the xkcd color survey.

crayon_palette

Make a palette with color names from Crayola crayons.

mpl_palette

Return a palette or colormap from the matplotlib registry.

color_palette
[Link]

In Seaborn, the color_palette() function allows you to easily specify the colors for
your plots. You can use pre-defined palettes, such as "deep", "muted", "pastel", "bright",
"dark", and "colorblind", or you can create your own custom palette.

When using a pre-defined palette, you can specify the number of colors you want to use
by passing in the desired number as the argument.

For example, using the "deep" palette and specifying 6 colors will return an array of 6
RGB color codes that can be used in your plot.

In [104… deep_colors = sns.color_palette("deep", 6)

# Just to show the color palette using palplot

[Link](deep_colors)
[Link]()

You can also create your own custom color palette by passing in a list of RGB color
codes.

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In [105… colors = ["#00CD00", "#00FFAA", "#FCCC00", "#FF0000"]

colors = sns.color_palette(colors)
[Link](colors)
[Link]()

The as_cmap parameter in seaborn's color_palette function is a boolean flag

that, when set to True, returns a colormap object instead of a list of RGB values.
This can be useful when plotting data that needs to be colored based on a
continuous variable, such as a heatmap or a 2D histogram. The colormap can then
be passed to other plotting functions, such as heatmap or imshow, to color the
plotted data. An example of using color_palette with as_cmap is:

In [106… data = [Link](numeric_only=True)

# Create a colormap from a seaborn color palette

cmap = sns.color_palette("Blues", as_cmap=True)

# Create a heatmap using the colormap

[Link](data, cmap=cmap)
[Link]()

In [ ]:

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In [108… import pandas as pd

# Load the 'tips' dataset into a DataFrame

tips = sns.load_dataset('tips')

# Calculate correlation for numeric columns only

data = [Link](numeric_only=True)

# Display the correlation matrix

print(data)

total_bill tip size

total_bill 1.000000 0.675734 0.598315
tip 0.675734 1.000000 0.489299
size 0.598315 0.489299 1.000000

In [109… tips = sns.load_dataset('tips')

data = [Link](numeric_only=True)

# Create a colormap using your own custom color code

colors = ["#FFFF00", "#00FFAA", "#FCCCDD", "#FCCC00"]
cmap = sns.color_palette(colors, as_cmap=True)

# Create a heatmap using the colormap

[Link](data, cmap=cmap)
[Link]()

set_palette
The set_palette() function in seaborn allows you to specify a color palette for your
plots. This can be done by passing in one of the pre-defined seaborn palettes (such as

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"deep", "muted", "bright", etc.) or by passing in your own custom list of colors or
color_palette.

Here is an example of using set_palette() to specify the "deep" palette:

In [110… # This will set palette as deep

sns.set_palette('deep')
[Link](data=tips, x='tip', y='total_bill')
[Link]()

In [111… # Loading different data

import [Link] as px

gap = [Link]()
[Link]()

Out[111… country continent year lifeExp pop gdpPercap iso_alpha iso_num

0 Afghanistan Asia 1952 28.801 8425333 779.445314 AFG 4

1 Afghanistan Asia 1957 30.332 9240934 820.853030 AFG 4

2 Afghanistan Asia 1962 31.997 10267083 853.100710 AFG 4

3 Afghanistan Asia 1967 34.020 11537966 836.197138 AFG 4

4 Afghanistan Asia 1972 36.088 13079460 739.981106 AFG 4

You can also pass in a custom list of colors. For example, the following code would
set the palette to the colors red, blue, and green:

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In [112… temp_df = gap[gap['country'].isin(['India','Brazil','Germany'])]

# Seting palette to three colors

sns.set_palette(["red", "blue", "green"])
[Link](data=temp_df, kind='scatter', x='year', y='lifeExp', hue='country')

Out[112… <[Link] at 0x26eacfa2050>

You can also pass in a number of different arguments to set_palette. For example, the
following code sets the color palette to a specific hue, with 8 colors, and a desaturated
lightness:

In [113… sns.set_palette("husl", 8, .7)

[Link](data=temp_df, kind='scatter', x='year', y='lifeExp', hue='country')

Out[113… <[Link] at 0x26eacff2bd0>

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Now say we have set pallete colors and passed three colors, like we did above and want
to plot of 4 or more country line plots?

What color will be assinged to 4th country? Let's see

In [115… temp_df = gap[gap['country'].isin(['India','Brazil','Germany','Afghanistan'])]

# Seting palette to three colors

sns.set_palette(["red", "blue", "green"])
[Link](data=temp_df, kind='scatter', x='year', y='lifeExp', hue='country')

Out[115… <[Link] at 0x26eacc10210>

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See it took, color palette we set as - sns.set_palette("husl",8, .7), with eight colors. Even if
we are specifying set palette as ['red', 'blue', 'green']

In [116… temp_df = gap[gap['country'].isin(['India','Brazil','Germany','Afghanistan'])]

# Seting palette to four colors

sns.set_palette(["red", "blue", "green", 'yellow'])
[Link](data=temp_df, kind='scatter', x='year', y='lifeExp', hue='country')

# This will give right expected result as it has enough colors in the palette
# to show.

Out[116… <[Link] at 0x26eacbecd50>

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seaborn.husl_palette
seaborn.husl_palette(n_colors=6, h=0.01, s=0.9, l=0.65, as_cmap=False)

Return hues with constant lightness and saturation in the HUSL system.

The hues are evenly sampled along a circular path. The resulting palette
will be appropriate for categorical or cyclical data.

The h , l , and s values should be between 0 and 1.

Parameters:

n_colors : int Number of colors in the palette.

h : float (0-1) The value of the first hue.

l : float (0-1) The lightness value.

s : float (0-1) The saturation intensity.

as_cmap : bool If True, return a matplotlib colormap object.

sns.hls_palette() > This function is similar to husl_palette(), but it uses a nonlinear

color space that is more perceptually uniform, and saturation in the HLS system.

We can also use 'husl' or 'hsl' parameter in set_palette function for the same. Like we did
in above example.

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In [119… iris = sns.load_dataset('iris')

cubehelix_palette
The seaborn.cubehelix_palette function is used to generate a colormap based on the
cubehelix color scheme, which is a sequential color map with a linear increase in
brightness and a smooth progression through the hues of the spectrum. This function
takes several optional parameters such as start , rot , gamma , light , dark ,
reverse and as_cmap to control the properties of the color palette.

For example, the following code generates a cubehelix color palette with 8 colors,
starting from a blue hue, and with increasing brightness and a rotation of 0.5:

In [120… colors = sns.cubehelix_palette(8, start=.5, rot=-.75, gamma=.3, light=.9,

dark=.1, reverse=True)
[Link](colors)

This palette can be used to color various plotting elements such as bars, lines, and points
in a graph.

In [121… [Link](x='species', y='petal_length', data=iris, palette=colors)

Out[121… <Axes: xlabel='species', ylabel='petal_length'>

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Alternatively, it can also be passed as a colormap to a heatmap or a 2D histogram.

In [122… [Link]([Link](numeric_only=True
), cmap=sns.cubehelix_palette(8, start=.5, rot=-.75,
gamma=.3, light=.9, dark=.1, as_cmap=True))

Out[122… <Axes: >

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All those function mentioned in coloring have similar [Link]://

Follow below links to read about specif palette - [Link]/[Link]#color-

palettes

TASK
In [123… import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

import [Link] as plt

import seaborn as sns

[Link]("ggplot")

In [ ]:

In [124… df = pd.read_csv('[Link]

In [125… print([Link])
[Link]()

(53940, 10)

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Out[125… carat cut color clarity depth table price x y z

0 0.23 Ideal E SI2 61.5 55.0 326 3.95 3.98 2.43

1 0.21 Premium E SI1 59.8 61.0 326 3.89 3.84 2.31

2 0.23 Good E VS1 56.9 65.0 327 4.05 4.07 2.31

3 0.29 Premium I VS2 62.4 58.0 334 4.20 4.23 2.63

4 0.31 Good J SI2 63.3 58.0 335 4.34 4.35 2.75

In [126… [Link](data=df,x='cut',y='price')

Out[126… <Axes: xlabel='cut', ylabel='price'>

In [127… [Link](data=df,x='carat',y='price',hue='cut')

Out[127… <[Link] at 0x26eaecc4810>

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In [128… [Link](data=df,x='carat',y='price',col='cut',col_wrap=3)

Out[128… <[Link] at 0x26eacc4a810>

In [129… [Link](data=df,x='color',y='price',kind='box')

Out[129… <[Link] at 0x26eaf6556d0>

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In [132… # code here

df = pd.read_csv("taxis_cleaned.csv")

In [133… [Link]()

Out[133… pickup dropoff passengers distance fare tip tolls total color payment pi

2019- 2019-
credit
0 03-23 03-23 1 1.60 7.0 2.15 0.0 12.95 yellow
card
[Link] [Link]

2019- 2019-
U
1 03-04 03-04 1 0.79 5.0 0.00 0.0 9.30 yellow cash
[Link] [Link]

2019- 2019-
credit
2 03-27 03-27 1 1.37 7.5 2.36 0.0 14.16 yellow
card
[Link] [Link]

2019- 2019-
credit
3 03-10 03-10 1 7.70 27.0 6.15 0.0 36.95 yellow
card
[Link] [Link]

2019- 2019-
credit
4 03-30 03-30 3 2.16 9.0 1.10 0.0 13.40 yellow
card
[Link] [Link]

In [134… [Link](data=df,x='payment',y='total',kind='point')

[Link] 88/100
2/15/25, 10:35 PM 16-Seaborn

Out[134… <[Link] at 0x26eaf7f9310>

In [135… df['ride_time'] = pd.to_datetime(df['dropoff']) - pd.to_datetime(df['pickup'])

In [136… df['ride_time'] = round(df['ride_time'].dt.total_seconds()/60,2)

In [137… [Link](data=df,x='ride_time',y='total')

Out[137… <[Link] at 0x26eb3239750>

[Link] 89/100
2/15/25, 10:35 PM 16-Seaborn

In [138… [Link](data=df,x='ride_time',y='total',hue='color')

Out[138… <[Link] at 0x26eb329f5d0>

[Link] 90/100
2/15/25, 10:35 PM 16-Seaborn

In [139… [Link](data=df,x='ride_time',y='total',hue='payment')

Out[139… <[Link] at 0x26eb3319750>

[Link] 91/100
2/15/25, 10:35 PM 16-Seaborn

In [140… # code here

df = pd.read_csv('[Link]
[Link]()

Out[140… index PatientID age gender bmi bloodpressure diabetic children smoker

0 0 1 39.0 male 23.2 91 Yes 0 No sou

1 1 2 24.0 male 30.1 87 No 0 No sou

2 2 3 NaN male 33.3 82 Yes 0 No sou

3 3 4 NaN male 33.7 80 No 0 No nor

4 4 5 NaN male 34.1 100 No 0 No nor

In [141… [Link](data=df,kind='strip',x='gender',y='bloodpressure',hue='smoker')
[Link]('BP Vs Gender vs Smoker')

Out[141… Text(0.5, 1.0, 'BP Vs Gender vs Smoker')

In [142… [Link](data=df,kind='swarm',x='gender',y='bloodpressure',hue='smoker')
[Link]('BP Vs Gender vs Smoker')

Out[142… Text(0.5, 1.0, 'BP Vs Gender vs Smoker')

[Link] 92/100
2/15/25, 10:35 PM 16-Seaborn

In [143… # code here

[Link](data = df, x = 'region', y = 'bmi', hue = 'diabetic', kind = 'box')
[Link]('Region vs bmi vs diabetic')

Out[143… Text(0.5, 1.0, 'Region vs bmi vs diabetic')

[Link] 93/100
2/15/25, 10:35 PM 16-Seaborn

In [144… [Link](data = df, x = 'region', y = 'bmi', hue = 'diabetic',

kind = 'violin', split = True)
[Link]('Region vs bmi vs diabetic')

Out[144… Text(0.5, 1.0, 'Region vs bmi vs diabetic')

[Link] 94/100
2/15/25, 10:35 PM 16-Seaborn

In [145… # code here

fig, ax = [Link](1,2,figsize=(12,5))

[Link](x='gender',y='claim',hue='smoker',data=df,ax=ax[0])

[Link](x='gender',y='claim',hue='smoker',data=df,ax=ax[1])

[Link]()

In [146… # code here

[Link](x='bmi', y='age', data=df)

Out[146… <Axes: xlabel='bmi', ylabel='age'>

[Link] 95/100
2/15/25, 10:35 PM 16-Seaborn

In [147… # code here

[Link](data=[Link](columns=['index', 'PatientID']),hue='gender')

Out[147… <[Link] at 0x26eb33cf3d0>

[Link] 96/100
2/15/25, 10:35 PM 16-Seaborn

In [148… # code here

g = [Link]([Link](columns=['index','PatientID']),hue='diabetic')

g.map_diag([Link])
g.map_upper([Link])
g.map_lower([Link])

Out[148… <[Link] at 0x26eb5832350>

[Link] 97/100
2/15/25, 10:35 PM 16-Seaborn

In [149… # code here

[Link](x='bloodpressure', y='bmi', data=df, kind='scatter',hue='smoker')

Out[149… <[Link] at 0x26eb78d64d0>

[Link] 98/100
2/15/25, 10:35 PM 16-Seaborn

In [150… # code here

g = [Link](x='age',y='claim',data=df)
[Link]([Link],[Link])

Out[150… <[Link] at 0x26eaf336f90>

[Link] 99/100
2/15/25, 10:35 PM 16-Seaborn

In [ ]:

[Link] 100/100