AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY-BANGLADESH (AIUB) FACULTY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Fall 2024-25 (CTRONIC DEVICES LAB: 04 Section: K (GROUP-2) LAB REPORT O} Study of Zener Di 2. 23-52533-2 2 Mubshanat Hossain Tanjila kwa Zaman Ponthy 23-52510-2 4 Md Rakibul Ayon 23-50236-1 S. Nalyer Nur Falroz 23-50227-1 Date of Submission: 28/11/2024Abstract This experiment explores the charoctoristics ord opplications of the Zener diode, a key electronic component renowned for it’s ability +o mointoir ® stoble voltage ocross vorying load ond line conditions. Through systernatics studies. the forviord. ond reverse |-V chorocteristics of dhe Zenere diode are examined. with emphosis on it’s breakdown ‘ehovior ot the Zener voltoge- The experiment olso investigates its functionglit: 0S Oo voltage requloter, evoluting the effects of vorying source voltage, \og4 resistance. and line resistance on Circuit Stability Usizg Aheoritiea! omalysis, simulation in Hultistt, anh practical implementation, the experiment high ghts the diodes vole in regulating Voltage ori safeguarding clreutts from SUGeS-The results underscore the criticol paromotors of Zener operation, including knee voltage, static vesishance , ank dynamic resistance, gind Provideinsights into its applications in modern dlectro- Nics- The Study not only validates dhe Zener diode’s reliability in voltage regulation loud also depends understonding of its operational Prinet- Ples, pavina the woy for its efficient use in real-world applications. Theory A Zener diode is a dioke thot allows current to Flow tn the forword direction tn the. same monner as oan ideal diode fyb also pormits iL to Flos in the reverse direekion when the vol tage. is above ao cayhain Value knows as the breakdown voltage, Zener Voltage | avalanche point , or peak inverse voltage 1p the voltage is increased, beyond hic cerhai value, there is a sudden rapid rise in current cousing the distruction of +his device. The basia Function of the Zenere diode ts do maintain a specific voltage across iheAenminals ‘within given limits of line op load voltage. Usually, it is used to provide a Stable reference voltage for power. supplies ond other equipment. Figure 1 shows o ‘Zener. diode - based circuit thet maintains tov reference Voltage. When a reverse ‘voltage equal to the Zener vol tage is lopplied, the reverse current is limited ionly by the small value of Zener resistance | land the Cireuit series resistance, R. j R | —_————_ | 202 + | tov Ee i|_-—— NE Fqure 4: Zener diode circuit thot moimtains g. tov across the loadAR Zenere diode is much like a normal diode, the exception is thot it te Placed in the Circuit in reverse bias mode. and operates in reverse breakdown. The typical chracteristic Curve in Figure 2 illustrates the operat ing Tange (sh colour design) for a Zener diode. Note that ts forward charachoriskice are just like ® normal diode as in Fig: 2. 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Bo ae 4s} Ss oe Cc >| Q] ee] HY S : 5 °o S 9791 94 1) oi]. yo ae eae SSM] on) BHI [ AI S| wo B. |a 29 AG ce vera | 6°3Is [ose 7eS [760 113.738 | Gd fiw. Soe] V4ognoe ‘able 3 deta fore the. volloge regulerion aurves bead Regis load Vellage, Load Voll@yes Une Curcent,) Zenere Cure Lead Carers, [Link](ua)] Varrs) | YY) eant sJalr)) TCA)lable 4 data 4 he volloge ea ulal’on aureve ' Line Resis.\Li ope) Load AG 4d Cun-| load Cureeeet, enee RQ) Ane Me Htage,| Load voltage Line €urrrent, bed eat a ~ BooY Discussion: In Ahi experiment We Studied the i «bs Characteristics of the Zener diode an L | Performance, in a@ voltage requiator Circure: Our Primary objective was fo observe the [Zener dicde'c behaviour under varius [Conditions and understand how if mointodns ja donshant Voltage across its derminals despite variation in \oad and Une voltage. Analysis of Aalle-4 Vo lhage. Regulacion Against Load Resistance Variation D uring tho experiment, Ne encount ered Situation where Ake Masured values were almost identicahs rosin Concens about Aho accuracy of our Many UFRMeNS. However, Lon consulting ity loure instructor we. leanne Ahad measured data Was accumte, eithy, QZ diode was efkectively regulating MelonSide. branch , m aint ning a constant volage of AP PeroKimataly 5-AV across Ake. load - L This con pant Voldage resulted in a Gonsisé tert differen betueen the courct voltage and Aho load volage, caleulated as 15V ~S-AV = ogy, The Zenon diodes ability Ao regulate Vol4n— G2 Within a TONG of Variable load Fesishoness (Rin 40 Remax) explains He enSarnd: Sabie Operation tn etrovids where Ake load resistance can vane. The data. Rain Table 4 supports Anis SSPINATIN Showing. | load voltage (ML) & $3) Aroy ) oad yes stan ey, Vavius |Arana alt Ara Report Questions; ‘Ob Show +he diffaencts bot ween simubted and measured values, comment on the resully and “Interpret the. experimental and simulation hada: Simulated Values ® The simulation data for \-V characteris jos ake Zenen diade is provided the tables. far example, at @ source Voltage OF 10V, dhe simulated Zener Voltage xz is approximadaly $12 V with a diede current (12) of 0-S12 wh. Measured Values: y The measured values Show, for Tho: at a sourer Voltage ok dOV> Ane in , red Zener voltage (Vz), apprOrimately me with a diode current C12) sh oe Vv> as risont lS Gunes Ahe sirultion and measured Values, we observe slight Aifforentss: The Simulated Zener voltage is consistert |} Mighty lower in MaANItud2 Khon the WVeaser Ted values-tndicading minor. discrepancies kely due to idealizotions in the simula Mon Anat do not accowt for all real— World ‘tmperfections. Comment: The differences between simulan had and measured values can be attriby— hed ko factors such @s component halen Yances, Measurement inaccumcies, and Ake ideal natura of simulations which do mot account for all real-world Despite Ahese differences, bos dota show she Zenerc Aioders 2 Fen Olnen, Seby of~ KPeede d Ibe havior of Maintaining a Conch, k ny voltage mean Ahe breakdown VOVha fe1. What are the effects of varying the source voltage, line, and load resistances on the line voltage, load voltage, line current, Zener current, and load current? From the data of Tables 2-3, plot the following curves and then explain the voltage regulation impacts: Vivs Es on or oF Sos =o So 02 ° 0 o 2 4 eh OU Es(V) OWL vs, 1A [Table 2} Vivs |p “ ‘ a) =% ze > ‘ ‘ 2 ° ° 2 ‘ ‘ : noon 1, (ma)ay vs. RRL, [Table 3] Vivs Re 6 “ a! rytint jundere varying condi ihions: jo. Determine the breakdown volhoye (vz) And Zena resishance (gz) from she Plot. Breakdown Volhage Wz): From Abe [-V Characteristics plob, Ane breakdown volrage Wz) is observed around SeFV Nheve he Zenerc diode sharts to conduct signi- Kicantly in Aha yevarse diveckion - Zener Resishance (Rz)e The Zener resishance (Rz) can be determined Arow Ane Slope of the eV Curve tn Are breakdown yegisn - Using dhe data, th we make bwWO Points th the breakdovon region, Ror Inshancr, At 12 =0°O95 mA Wz =0.945 Ar 12 20-563 mA, Vz < S. Shy| The Zener resiglonee ean be Calculated a | | Res (Y)_2/[email protected] = (654-0 945) | (o 663-0095, mA = 9.88mi This indicates Anat Ake Zep diode Bibs a tov dynamic Yosisdance In he breakdown region , ehfecktvaly ack AS A conskant voltage source HE Source Voltage Vartation (Es): Frou Table 2, As ES increases, Vi remains fairly stable around §-tV. demonshyakin effective voltage regulation by hi, Beriy diode, He Load Resishver Vatedin (QL) : roy, hable 3+ &S RL Varies » VE remain ¢ Around 6.4v, Aurthur {Mustraing Nw Zenerfy; > Rae ee aac ae Teo nae \Aar [Siodes ability Ao maintain a constant ¥° ie ACV s6 varying loads: | ® disaus Ake overall aspects “Did Youre result match ALL ex eS) if nor, 2xplain. > Te axperimat result aligned with expec- Antion, confi rming Mu Zener diode’s offerte Voltage regulation. Winor discrepancies betwen Simulated and ynonsured values were nea\'gi bi, AFR ning He dicde’s Characteristic and Practical application th eleckronic, Greuits. ok ARE S KPO pected Tn eoncdusion, Aho experiment SUecess full demonstrated ake Tenor diode’s Volbnge 4 regulation, with measured daca machi axpeeted behavior. Those. INSIght ¢ wi || bo. ponesicial Poy hudhure PP Lica and Shadies: oe