Eco – protest ‫احتجاج لصالح الطبيعة‬ Camp ‫معسكر‬

The wood ‫الغابة‬ The protest ‫االحتجاج‬

Protester ‫محتج – معتصم‬ Luxury ‫فخم‬
Wildlife ‫حياة برية‬ Nature ‫الطبيعة‬
Treehouse ‫بيت الشجرة‬ Tunnels ‫انفاق‬
Vegetarians ‫نباتى‬ Local people ‫ناس محليون‬
Support ‫يدعم‬ Series ‫حلقات‬
Barbecue ‫حفل شواء‬ On holiday ‫فى اجازة‬
In the day ‫بالنهار‬ In the evening ‫فى المساء‬
Go out ‫يخرج‬ Do homework ‫يفعل الواجب‬
Have a meal ‫يتناول وجبة‬ Turn down ‫يخفض الصوت‬
Turn up ‫يعلى الصوت‬ Throw away ‫يلقى بـ‬
Agree with ‫يتفق مع‬ Stand around ‫يقف حول‬
Do the housework ‫يعمل شغل البيت‬ Do the shopping ‫يشترى الطلبات‬
Have a shower ‫يأخذ حمام‬ Stress ‫يضغط‬
Relaxing ‫يشعر باالسترخاء‬ Study for ‫يدرس ألجل‬
Lie on ‫يستلقى على‬ Wait for ‫ينتظر‬
Give a tale ‫يقص قصة‬ Own ‫يملك‬
Quite ‫جدا‬ Suffer from ‫يعانى من‬
Cause ‫يسبب‬ Problem with ‫مشاكل مع‬
Difficult for ‫صعب على‬ In English ‫باالنجليزية‬
Predict ‫يتنبأ‬ Factor )‫عامل (سبب‬
Factory ‫مصنع‬ Social situations ‫مواقف اجتماعية‬
Social occasions ‫مناسبات اجتماعية‬ Do sports ‫يمارس رياضة‬
Do exercise ‫يمارس تمارين‬ Do exams ‫يؤدى اختبارات‬
Reduce stress ‫يقلل من الضغط‬ Sports events ‫احداث رياضية‬
Hesitation ‫التردد‬ Shy ‫خجول‬
Talk to ‫يتحدث مع‬ Talk about ‫يتحدث عن‬
Can't stand ‫ال يطيق‬ Quite like ‫يحب جدا‬
Active ‫نشط‬ Ambulance driver ‫سائق اسعاف‬
Miner ‫عامل مناجم‬ Shepherd ‫راعى اغنام‬
Boring ‫ممل‬ Creative ‫مبدع‬
Business ‫مدير اعمال‬ Financial dealer ‫تاجر أوراق مالية‬
executive
Eccentric ‫غريب االطوار‬ Look after ‫يعتنى بـ‬
Alligator ‫تمساح امريكى‬ Python ‫ثعبان االصلة‬
Iguana ‫سحلية ضخمة‬ A day out ‫يوم خارج المنزل‬
Chaos = mess ‫فوضى‬ Horrible ‫فظيع‬
Disaster ‫كارثة‬ Switch over ‫يحول القناة‬
Extremely hard ‫صعب للغاية‬ Domestic robot ‫انسان الى منزلى‬
voice control ‫التحكم الصوتى‬ Incredible ‫غير معقول‬
Patriotic ‫وطنى‬ Invent ‫يخترع‬
Look out of ‫ينظر من‬ Chimp = ‫شمبانزى‬
chimpanzee
Documentary ‫ وثائقى‬Worried ‫قلق‬
Pleased ‫ مسرور‬Pass an exam ‫ينجح في اختبار‬

Present simple
‫المضارع البسيط‬
)he, she, it ( ‫ مع الفاعل المفرد الغائب أو الضمائر‬s ‫يتكون من مصدر الفعل بإضافة‬
 He works in a big farm.
:‫مـال حـظات‬
(ss – sh – ch – x –o) ‫ إذا كان الفعل ينتهي بالحروف‬es ‫ يضاف للفعل‬
 He watches TV.  She crosses the road.

. ‫ يسبقه حرف ساكن‬y ‫ إذا كان ينتهي بحرف‬ies ‫ يضاف للفعل‬

 She studies medicine  he carries his bag.
)a-e-i-o-u(.‫ يسبقه حرف متحرك‬y ‫ فقط لألفعال التي تنتهي بحرف‬s ‫ يضاف‬
 He plays the piano.  She obeys her mother.
:‫االستخدام‬
)Habits( :‫يعبر عن عاده متكررة ويستخدم مع الكلمات‬
(Always – usually – some times – often – ever – never – everyday –
every week ---)
 I usually get up at 6 o'clock.
)Facts( :‫يعبر عن حقيقة ثابتة أو شبه ثابتة‬
 The moon moves around the earth.
 I prefer reading to watching TV.
(Cinema-theatre-trains-planes( :‫يعبر عن جداول المواعيد‬
The next performance starts at 9:00 p.m.
The next train arrives at 3: oo p.m.
ies, es, s. ‫أمام الفعل إذا لم ينتهي ب‬don't ‫ نستخدم‬
 I don't work in a hospital.
ies, es, s ‫ إذا كان الفعل ينتهي ب‬doesn't ‫ نستخدم‬
 He doesn't eat meat.
:‫يتكون المضارع البسيط في االستفهام من‬
? )‫الفعل( المصـدر‬+ ‫الفـاعـل‬+ do \ does + ‫أداة االستفـهام‬
 Where do you work?  When does he come?
.‫ مع الفاعل المفرد‬does ‫ تستخدم‬
.‫ مع الفاعل الجمع‬do ‫ تستخدم‬
 Nadir doesn't study hard.  They don't speak Arabic.

The Present Continuous Tense

‫زمن المضارع المستمر‬
‫تكـوينه‬
am, is, are + v + ing ‫يتكون من‬
: ‫استعماالت زمن المضارع المستمر‬
. ‫ حدث يحدث االن – مستمر اثناء الكالم‬-1
Now, he is writing a report.
At the moment she is ironing the shirts.
. ‫ حدث في المستقبل تم التخطيط لة من قبل‬-2
We are traveling tomorrow.
Every thing is arranged. Tim marrying next Thursday.

Now, look, listen, at present, at the moment, be careful,

and look out.
:‫النفي‬
‫ الفاعل‬+ am, is, are + not + v + ing.
He is repairing the car. "Negative"
He isn't repairing the car.
: ‫االستفهام‬
Is , Are + ‫ الفاعل‬+ v + ing --------------?
Are you buying a new shirt?
Yes, I'm buying a new shirt.
The present simple The present continuous
Permanent )‫(دائمة‬ Temporary (time to time)
Action repeated regularly Actions happens now
‫احداث تتم بطريقة منتظمة‬ ‫تحدث االن‬
Usually – every – often – sometimes – Now – at the moment – look – listen
rarely – always – from time to time – – this day – these days – at present
regularly – seldom- occasionally

Choose:
1. Could you close the radio? I (try – am trying – tries – trying) to sleep.
2. He is a doctor. He (works – is working- working) in El Haram Hospital.
3. All my friends (like – likes – liking – are liking) football.
4. What (are you playing – do you play – you play) now?
5. I (do – am doing – does) my homework every day.
6. (Do – Are – Does) you have a cat?
7. He (don’t – doesn’t – isn’t) watch TV every day.
8. Do you usually (go – goes – going) to school on foot?
9. Yousra is in the bedroom. She (sleeps – is sleeping).
10. These days, I (studies – am studying – study) English.
11. At (present – the moment) I am swimming.
12. I am swimming at (present – the moment).
Rewrite:
1. Occasionally I meet my teachers in the street. (from time to time)
…………………………………………………………………… .
2. He is in the garden. (playing)
………………………………………. .
3. I always visit my friends in their houses. (at the moment)
…………………………………………………… .
4. Do you sleep in your bed every day? (now)
………………………………………………… .
5. Does Rahma eat her sandwich? (eating)
……………………………………………. .
6. He travels to Alex. Very often. (usually)
………………………………………………… .
7. Shahd comes early regularly. (always)
……………………………………………….. .
8. Badr writes a new story every weekend. (this weekend)
………………………………………………………….. .
9. At present, he is studying English. (now)
…………………………………………………………… .
Go for a Go + v. ing
Go for a walk Go walking
Go for a swim Go swimming
Rewrite:
1. Let's go for a run. (running)
…………………………………………. .
2. Aya goes for a swim every morning. (swimming)
………………………………………………… .
3. I do the shopping. (go)
………………………………….. .
4. I go walking every day. (go for)
…………………………………………… .
Reduce stress ‫يقلل من الضغط‬ Sports events ‫احداث رياضية‬
Hesitation ‫التردد‬ Shy ‫خجول‬
Talk to ‫يتحدث مع‬ Talk about ‫يتحدث عن‬
Can't stand ‫ال يطيق‬ Quite like ‫يحب جدا‬
Active ‫نشط‬ Ambulance driver ‫سائق اسعاف‬
Miner ‫عامل مناجم‬ Shepherd ‫راعى اغنام‬
Boring ‫ممل‬ Creative ‫مبدع‬
Business executive ‫مدير اعمال‬ Financial dealer ‫تاجر أوراق مالية‬
Eccentric ‫غريب االطوار‬ Look after ‫يعتنى بـ‬
Alligator ‫تمساح امريكى‬ Python ‫ثعبان االصلة‬
Iguana ‫سحلية ضخمة‬ A day out ‫يوم خارج المنزل‬
Chaos = mess ‫فوضى‬ Horrible ‫فظيع‬
Disaster ‫كارثة‬ Switch over ‫يحول القناة‬
Extremely hard ‫صعب للغاية‬ Domestic robot ‫انسان الى منزلى‬
voice control ‫التحكم الصوتى‬ Incredible ‫غير معقول‬
Patriotic ‫وطنى‬ Invent ‫يخترع‬
Look out of ‫ينظر من‬ Chimp = chimpanzee ‫شمبانزى‬
Documentary ‫وثائقى‬ Worried ‫قلق‬
Pleased ‫مسرور‬ Pass an exam ‫ينجح في اختبار‬
Fail an exam ‫يفشل في امتحان‬ Lose a match ‫يخسر مباراة‬
Sleep badly ‫ينام نوم غير مريح‬ Have an argument with ‫يتشاجر مع‬
On a Space station ‫فى محطة فضاء‬ Problems of life ‫مشاكل الحياة‬
International ‫دولى‬ Astronauts ‫رواد فضاء‬
Power ‫طاقة‬ Find out ‫يكتشف‬
Communicate with ‫يتواصل مع‬ Shuttle ‫مكوك فضائى‬

‫زمــــن المضــــــــــارع الـتــام‬

Have, has + p.p :‫يتــكـــون مــــن‬

 I have just written the report.
 She has already cleaned the house.
:‫استخدامه‬
:‫ يعبر عن حدث بدا وانتهي في الماضي لكن أثره في الحاضر‬-1
 I have lost my key. (I can't open the door)
 He has just arrived. ‫حدث انتهي منذ فتره قصيرة‬
 .‫ يعبر عن حدث بدا في الماضي وما زال مستمر حتى أالن‬-2
 I have lived in Tanta for 20 years. = I still live in Tanta
 I lived in Tanta for 20 years. = I live somewhere else.
Since ‫منذ‬ Already ‫بالفعل‬ Up till ‫حتى اآلن‬
now
For ‫منذ‬ Just ‫حاال‬ Ever ‫سبق أبدا‬
Lately ‫حديثا‬ Yet ‫ليس بعد‬ Never )‫أبدا (ال‬
recently ‫مؤخرا‬ So far ‫حتى أالن‬ Over the years
-1
(since / for)
 I have lived in Egypt since 1980.
 I have lived in Egypt for 28 years.

(just / already) ‫ القريب‬-2

 I've just finished my homework.
 I've already finished my homework.

(never / yet) ‫يشير إلى شئ لم يحدث بعد‬-3

 I've never been to Europe.
 I haven't finished my homework yet.

.)ever( ‫يستخدم عند سؤال شخص ما عن تجاربه الشخصية‬-4

 Have you ever been to Italy?

‫( تأتى فى نهاية الجملة المثبتة‬Recently) -5

 I have seen him recently

‫االستفهامية‬/‫( تأتى فى نهاية الجملة المنفية‬lately) -6

Have you seen him lately?

 I haven't seen him lately.
 Have you ever been to Paris?
 No, I have never been to Paris

 Has, have been to + ‫مكان‬ ‫ذهب إلي مكان وعاد منه‬

 He has been to London (now he is in Egypt)
 Has, have gone to + ‫مكان‬ ‫ذهب إلي مكان وما زال هناك‬
He has gone to Italy (he is still there)

‫الفــــرق بــــين‬
  Since ‫نقطه بداية الحدث‬
 for ‫مده الحدث – الفترة‬
.‫ فعل واحد نضعه في زمن المضارع التام‬since ‫ إذا جاء مع‬
 She has learned English since 1995.
.‫ فعالن نضع قبلها زمن المضارع التام وبعدها زمن الماضي البسيط‬since ‫إذا جاء مع‬

‫ماضي بسيط‬since + ‫ مضارع تام‬+

 She has been in bed since she arrived home.

 He has been studying since he returned from school.
:‫ الحظ الجدول األتي‬
Since For
Since 7 o'clock For 2 hours
Since 2000 For 5 years
Since yesterday For a day - one day
Since last week For a night - the last night
Since April For 2 months
Since Friday For five days
Since then For ages , along time
Since spring For a season
Since his arrival For years – a while

: ‫مالحظات‬
‫ والعكس نطرح من الفترة الحالية‬for ‫ بدال من‬since ‫) عند استخدام‬1)
1. I have lived in Tanta for 9 years. (since)
I have lived in Tanta since 2001.
2. He hasn’t visited his aunt since 2003. (for)
He hasn’t visited his aunt for seven years.
3. He has worked as a teacher for 5 years. (since)
He has worked as a teacher since 2005.

since ‫مدة ولكنها غير معلومة وطلب وضع‬for ‫) اذا جاء بعد‬2)
:‫نستخدم‬
It`s ( it has been ) + ‫ المدة‬+ since +‫ماضى بسيط مثبت‬
1. I haven’t eaten fish for along time. (since)
It’s along time since I ate fish.
2. Its ages since I phoned my cousin. (for)
I haven’t phoned my uncle for a long time.
3. She hasn’t read the paper for a long time. (since)
It’s a long time since she read the paper.
‫واستخدم‬last ‫ احذف‬since ‫(وطلب منك وضع‬I last…………when) ‫) اذا جالك‬3)
.‫مكانها‬since ‫ وضع‬when ‫المضارع التام المنفى واحذف‬
1. I last ate beans when I was in Alex. (since)
 I haven't eaten beans since I was in Alex.
2. I last swam in the sea when I was in Alex. (since)
I haven’t swum in the sea since I was in Alex.
3. Soha hasn’t eaten fish since she was in Port Said. (when)
Soha last ate fish when she was in Port Said.
4. I last saw her when she was a child. (Since)
I haven't seen her since she was a child.

:ago ‫ حول الجملة الى المضارع التام واحذف المدة التى تسبق‬just ‫ و طلب وضع‬ago ‫) اذا جالك‬4)
1. He came a moment ago. ( just )
He has just come.
2. I have just washed my car. (ago)
I washed my car a moment ago.
3. She left home a moment ago. (just)
She has just left home.
Rewrite:
1. Did you eat the fish? (Have…?)
…………………………………………….. .
2. Are you still studying english? (Haven't…..?)
…………………………………………… .
3. Shahd is still washing the dishes. (yet)
…………………………………………….. .
4. She left her home a moment ago. (just)
………………………………………………. .
5. I last met Rahma in 2003. (since)
…………………………………………. .
6. I saw this film last week. (already)
……………………………………………. .
7. Yousra last cooked rice 3 years ago. (hasn't)
……………………………………………… .
8. She has just travelled to France. (gone)
……………………………………………… .
9. She has just travelled to France. (been)
…………………………………………….. .
Bright ‫المع‬ Orbit ‫يدور‬
Position ‫موقع‬ Scientific ‫علمى‬
Laboratories ‫معامل‬ Compartment ‫مقصورة‬
Fridge ‫ثالجة‬ Oven ‫فرن‬
Solar power ‫طاقة شمسية‬ Antarctica ‫القطب الجنوبى‬
Special ‫خاصة‬ Scientific base ‫قاعدة علمية‬
Sleeping bags ‫اكياس نوم‬ Go space walking ‫يذهب فى تمشية فضائية‬
Gravity ‫جاذبية‬ Crew ‫طاقم‬
Members ‫اعضاء‬ Keep fit ‫يحافظ على لياقته‬
Fly away ‫يتطاير‬ Trip ‫رحلة‬
Meal ‫وجبة‬ Space suit ‫بدلة فضاء‬
Experiments ‫تجارب‬ Housework ‫شغل المنزل‬
Mansion ‫قصر – شقة فخمة‬ Colony ‫مستعمرة‬
Cabin ‫كوخ‬ Get dressed ‫يرتدى مالبسه‬
Desert island ‫جزيرة منعزلة‬ Home for ‫موطن‬
Underground ‫تحت االرض‬ Cage ‫قفص‬
Break a record ‫يكسر رقم قياسى‬ Tourist ‫سائح‬
Hostess ‫مضيفة‬ Tour guide ‫مرشد سياحى‬
Professional ‫محترف‬ Amateur ‫هاوى‬
Fail an exam ‫يفشل في امتحان‬ Lose a match ‫يخسر مباراة‬
Sleep badly ‫ينام نوم غير مريح‬ Have an argument with ‫يتشاجر مع‬
On a Space station ‫فى محطة فضاء‬ Problems of life ‫مشاكل الحياة‬
International ‫دولى‬ Astronauts ‫رواد فضاء‬
Power ‫طاقة‬ Find out ‫يكتشف‬
Communicate with ‫يتواصل مع‬ Shuttle ‫مكوك فضائى‬
(Have – has - had)
Have a shower ‫ يأخذ حمام‬Have a meal ‫ يتناول وحبة‬Have a food ‫يتناول طعام‬
Have a haircut ‫ يقص شعره‬Have a talk Have problems ‫لديه مشاكل‬
Have an ‫ يمر يتجربة‬Have an ice ‫ يتناول ايس كريم‬Have lunch ‫يتناول الغذاء‬
experience cream
Have dinner ‫ يتناول العشاء‬Have a good ‫ يقضى وقت طيب‬Have breakfast ‫يتناول الفطار‬
time
Have a drink ‫ يتناول مشروب‬Have a rest ‫ يأخذ راحة‬Have a holiday ‫يأخذ اجازة‬
Have a lesson ‫ يأخذ درس‬Have a ‫ يعمل احتفال‬Have a picnic ‫يأخذ نزهة‬
celebration
 (Do / did / done)
Do jobs ‫يقوم بوظيفة‬ Do exams ‫ يقوم بامتحان‬do repairs ‫يقوم باصالحات‬
Do experiments ‫يقوم بتجارب‬ do exercise ‫ يقوم بتدريب‬Do business ‫يقوم بعمل‬
do work ‫ يقوم بعمل‬Do the housework Do the ‫يغسل االطباق‬
washing up
Do the cooking ‫ يطهو‬Do the cleaning ‫ ينظف‬Do a favour ‫يؤدى خدمة‬
Do my hair ‫ يوضب الشعر‬Do research ‫ يعمل ابحاث‬Do ‫يعمل الواجب‬
homework
Do the shopping ‫يتسوق‬ Do my best ‫ يبذل كل جهد‬Do a project ‫يعمل مشروع‬
(Go – went - gone)
Go outside ‫يذهب‬ Go ‫ يذهب فى تمشية‬Go ‫يذهب للعوم‬
spacewalking swimming
‫للخارج‬ ‫فضائية‬
Go climbing ‫ يذهب‬Go jogging ‫يذهب للمشى‬
‫للتسلق‬
‫الخفيف‬

Spend time ‫ يهدر الوقت‬Spend money ‫يصرف المال‬ Keep clean

Get paid ‫ يدفع الثمن‬Get up ‫ يستيقظ‬Get ready Dsju]

Because: to give the reason. ‫تعطى سبب‬

So: to give the result. ‫تعطى نتيجة‬
And: to add two ideas. ‫تضيف فكرتين متشابهين‬
But: to say something different. ‫فكريتن‬
‫مختلفتين‬
Rewrite:
1. Ahmed was angry. He didn’t get high marks. (because)
………………………………………………… .
2. Ahmed was angry. He didn’t get high marks. (so)
………………………………………………. .
3. I was happy because my mother bought me a new phone. (so)
………………………………………………… .
4. He is Egyptian. He cant speak Arabic. (but)
………………………………………………………. .
5. Shahd eats koshry. Shahd eats meat. (and)
………………………………………………………….. .
6. She was sad. She didn’t sleep. (because)
………………………………………………………… .
7. I am bad at football. My brother is good at football. (but)
……………………………………………………… .
8. I like shopping. I like lying on the beach. (and)
……………………………………………………… .
9. He didn’t study well. He got bad marks. (so)
 ……………………………………………………… .
10. I have cut my finger. It hurts me. (so)
………………………………………………….. .
11. I have cut my finger. It hurts me. (because)
………………………………………………….. .
12. The book is too expensive to buy. (because)
………………………………………………….. .
Choose:
1. He bought a red car (but – so – because) he likes red.
2. She is crying (because – so – and) she can't find her mum.
3. My mother lives in France (because – and – so) I want to visit him.
4. I am going to school (so – and – because) I want to learn.
5. I like tennis (and – so – but) I like volleyball.

‫زمــــن المضــــــــــارع الـتــام‬

Have, has + p.p :‫يتــكـــون مــــن‬

 I have just written the report.
 She has already cleaned the house.
:‫استخدامه‬
:‫ يعبر عن حدث بدا وانتهي في الماضي لكن أثره في الحاضر‬-1
 I have lost my key. (I can't open the door)
 He has just arrived. ‫حدث انتهي منذ فتره قصيرة‬
.‫ يعبر عن حدث بدا في الماضي وما زال مستمر حتى أالن‬-2
 I have lived in Tanta for 20 years. = I still live in Tanta
 I lived in Tanta for 20 years. = I live somewhere else.
Since ‫منذ‬ Already ‫بالفعل‬ Up till ‫حتى اآلن‬
now
For ‫منذ‬ Just ‫حاال‬ Ever ‫سبق أبدا‬
Lately ‫حديثا‬ Yet ‫ليس بعد‬ Never )‫أبدا (ال‬
recently ‫مؤخرا‬ So far ‫حتى أالن‬ Over the years
-1
(since / for)
 I have lived in Egypt since 1980.
 I have lived in Egypt for 28 years.

(just / already) ‫ القريب‬-2

 I've just finished my homework.
 I've already finished my homework.

(never / yet) ‫يشير إلى شئ لم يحدث بعد‬-3

 I've never been to Europe.
 I haven't finished my homework yet.
 .)ever( ‫يستخدم عند سؤال شخص ما عن تجاربه الشخصية‬-4
 Have you ever been to Italy?

‫( تأتى فى نهاية الجملة المثبتة‬Recently) -5

 I have seen him recently

‫االستفهامية‬/‫( تأتى فى نهاية الجملة المنفية‬lately) -6

Have you seen him lately?

 I haven't seen him lately.
 Have you ever been to Paris?
 No, I have never been to Paris
 Has, have been to + ‫مكان‬ ‫ذهب إلي مكان وعاد منه‬
 He has been to London (now he is in Egypt)
 Has, have gone to + ‫مكان‬ ‫ذهب إلي مكان وما زال هناك‬
He has gone to Italy (he is still there)

‫الفــــرق بــــين‬
 Since ‫نقطه بداية الحدث‬
 for ‫مده الحدث – الفترة‬
.‫ فعل واحد نضعه في زمن المضارع التام‬since ‫ إذا جاء مع‬
 She has learned English since 1995.
.‫ فعالن نضع قبلها زمن المضارع التام وبعدها زمن الماضي البسيط‬since ‫إذا جاء مع‬

‫ماضي بسيط‬since + ‫ مضارع تام‬+

 She has been in bed since she arrived home.

 He has been studying since he returned from school.
:‫ الحظ الجدول األتي‬
Since For
Since 7 o'clock For 2 hours
Since 2000 For 5 years
Since yesterday For a day - one day
Since last week For a night - the last night
Since April For 2 months
Since Friday For five days
Since then For ages , along time
Since spring For a season
 Since his arrival For years – a while

: ‫مالحظات‬
‫ والعكس نطرح من الفترة الحالية‬for ‫ بدال من‬since ‫) عند استخدام‬1)
4. I have lived in Tanta for 9 years. (since)
I have lived in Tanta since 2001.
5. He hasn’t visited his aunt since 2003. (for)
He hasn’t visited his aunt for seven years.
6. He has worked as a teacher for 5 years. (since)
He has worked as a teacher since 2005.
‫واستخدم‬last ‫ احذف‬since ‫(وطلب منك وضع‬I last…………when) ‫) اذا جالك‬3)
.‫مكانها‬since ‫ وضع‬when ‫المضارع التام المنفى واحذف‬
5. I last ate beans when I was in Alex. (since)
I haven't eaten beans since I was in Alex.
6. I last swam in the sea when I was in Alex. (since)
I haven’t swum in the sea since I was in Alex.
7. Soha hasn’t eaten fish since she was in Port Said. (when)
Soha last ate fish when she was in Port Said.
8. I last saw her when she was a child. (Since)
I haven't seen her since she was a child.
:ago ‫ حول الجملة الى المضارع التام واحذف المدة التى تسبق‬just ‫ و طلب وضع‬ago ‫) اذا جالك‬4)
4. He came a moment ago. ( just )
He has just come.
5. I have just washed my car. (ago)
I washed my car a moment ago.
6. She left home a moment ago. (just)
She has just left home.
Rewrite:
10. Did you eat the fish? (Have…?)
…………………………………………….. .
11. Are you still studying english? (Haven't…..?)
…………………………………………… .
12. Shahd is still washing the dishes. (yet)
…………………………………………….. .
13. She left her home a moment ago. (just)
………………………………………………. .
14. I last met Rahma in 2003. (since)
…………………………………………. .
15. I saw this film last week. (already)
……………………………………………. .
16. Yousra last cooked rice 3 years ago. (hasn't)
……………………………………………… .
17. She has just travelled to France. (gone)
……………………………………………… .
18. She has just travelled to France. (been)
…………………………………………….. .
Bright ‫المع‬ Orbit ‫يدور‬
Position ‫موقع‬ Scientific ‫علمى‬
Laboratories ‫معامل‬ Compartment ‫مقصورة‬
Fridge ‫ثالجة‬ Oven ‫فرن‬
Solar power ‫طاقة شمسية‬ Antarctica ‫القطب الجنوبى‬
Special ‫خاصة‬ Scientific base ‫قاعدة علمية‬
Sleeping bags ‫اكياس نوم‬ Go space walking ‫يذهب فى تمشية‬
‫فضائية‬
Gravity ‫جاذبية‬ Crew ‫طاقم‬
Members ‫اعضاء‬ Keep fit ‫يحافظ على لياقته‬
Fly away ‫يتطاير‬ Trip ‫رحلة‬
Meal ‫وجبة‬ Space suit ‫بدلة فضاء‬
Experiments ‫تجارب‬ Housework ‫شغل المنزل‬
Mansion ‫قصر – شقة فخمة‬ Colony ‫مستعمرة‬
Cabin ‫كوخ‬ Get dressed ‫يرتدى مالبسه‬
Desert island ‫جزيرة منعزلة‬ Home for ‫موطن‬
Underground ‫تحت االرض‬ Cage ‫قفص‬
Break a record ‫يكسر رقم قياسى‬ Tourist ‫سائح‬
Hostess ‫مضيفة‬ Tour guide ‫مرشد سياحى‬
Professional ‫محترف‬ Amateur ‫هاوى‬
(Have – has - had)
Have a shower ‫يأخذ حمام‬ Have a meal ‫ يتناول وحبة‬Have a food ‫يتناول طعام‬
Have a haircut ‫ يقص شعره‬Have a talk Have problems ‫لديه مشاكل‬
Have an ‫ يمر يتجربة‬Have an ice ‫ يتناول ايس كريم‬Have lunch ‫يتناول الغذاء‬
experience cream
Have dinner ‫ يتناول العشاء‬Have a good ‫ يقضى وقت طيب‬Have breakfast ‫يتناول الفطار‬
time
Have a drink ‫ يتناول مشروب‬Have a rest ‫ يأخذ راحة‬Have a holiday ‫يأخذ اجازة‬
Have a lesson ‫ يأخذ درس‬Have a ‫ يعمل احتفال‬Have a picnic ‫يأخذ نزهة‬
celebration
(Do / did / done)
Do jobs ‫ يقوم بوظيفة‬Do exams ‫ يقوم بامتحان‬do repairs ‫يقوم باصالحات‬
Do experiments ‫يقوم بتجارب‬ do exercise ‫ يقوم بتدريب‬Do business ‫يقوم بعمل‬
do work ‫ يقوم بعمل‬Do the housework Do the ‫يغسل االطباق‬
washing up
Do the cooking ‫ يطهو‬Do the cleaning ‫ ينظف‬Do a favour ‫يؤدى خدمة‬
Do my hair ‫ يوضب الشعر‬Do research ‫ يعمل ابحاث‬Do ‫يعمل الواجب‬
homework
Do the shopping ‫يتسوق‬ Do my best ‫ يبذل كل جهد‬Do a project ‫يعمل مشروع‬
(Go – went - gone)
Go outside ‫يذهب‬ Go ‫ يذهب فى تمشية‬Go ‫يذهب للعوم‬
spacewalking swimming
‫للخارج‬ ‫فضائية‬
Go climbing ‫ يذهب‬Go jogging ‫يذهب للمشى‬
‫للتسلق‬
‫الخفيف‬

Spend time ‫ يهدر الوقت‬Spend money ‫يصرف المال‬ Keep clean

Get paid ‫ يدفع الثمن‬Get up ‫ يستيقظ‬Get ready Dsju]

Because: to give the reason. ‫تعطى سبب‬

So: to give the result. ‫تعطى نتيجة‬
And: to add two ideas. ‫تضيف فكرتين متشابهين‬
But: to say something different. ‫فكريتن‬
‫مختلفتين‬
Rewrite:
13. Ahmed was angry. He didn’t get high marks. (because)
………………………………………………… .
14. Ahmed was angry. He didn’t get high marks. (so)
………………………………………………. .
15. I was happy because my mother bought me a new phone. (so)
………………………………………………… .
16. He is Egyptian. He cant speak Arabic. (but)
………………………………………………………. .
17. Shahd eats koshry. Shahd eats meat. (and)
………………………………………………………….. .
18. She was sad. She didn’t sleep. (because)
………………………………………………………… .
19. I am bad at football. My brother is good at football. (but)
……………………………………………………… .
20. I like shopping. I like lying on the beach. (and)
……………………………………………………… .
21. He didn’t study well. He got bad marks. (so)
……………………………………………………… .
22. I have cut my finger. It hurts me. (so)
………………………………………………….. .
23. I have cut my finger. It hurts me. (because)
………………………………………………….. .
24. The book is too expensive to buy. (because)
………………………………………………….. .
 Choose:
6. He bought a red car (but – so – because) he likes red.
7. She is crying (because – so – and) she can't find her mum.
8. My mother lives in France (because – and – so) I want to visit him.
9. I am going to school (so – and – because) I want to learn.
10. I like tennis (and – so – but) I like volleyball.

Local ‫محلى‬ Hero ‫بطل‬

Quiet evening ‫ليلة هادئة‬ Ruined ‫فسدت‬
Climb over ‫يتسلق على‬ Passengers ‫ركاب‬
Safety ‫امان‬ Accident ‫حادثة‬
Rescue ‫ينقذ‬ Past ‫بجانب‬
Present ‫يقدم‬ Crash ‫تصادم‬
Trapped ‫محتجز‬ Screaming ‫يصرخ‬
Memory shock ‫فقدان ذاكرة‬ Incredibly ‫اليصدق‬
Unconscious ‫فاقد للوعى‬ Immediate action ‫تصرف فورى‬
Surprisingly ‫بشكل مدهش‬ Walk away ‫يمشى مبتعدا‬
Meanwhile ‫فى نفس الوقت‬ Nearby ‫قريب‬
Emergency service ‫خدمة الطوارىء‬ Extraordinary ‫فائق للعادة‬
Out of control ‫خارج عن السيطرة‬ Certificate ‫شهادة‬
Bravery award ‫مكافأة الشجاعة‬ Go back for ‫يعود من اجل‬
Have a rest ‫يأخذ راحة‬ Take home ‫يأخذ للمنزل‬
Burst into flames ‫يحترق‬ Campaign for ‫يعمل حملة من اجل‬
Brilliant – awful ‫ فظيع‬- ‫رائع‬ Black people ‫السود‬
Calm – boring ‫ ممل‬- ‫هادىء‬ Human rights ‫حقوق االنسان‬
Intelligent – overrated ‫ مبالغ‬- ‫ذكى‬ March ‫مسيرة‬
Skilful – useless ‫ماهر – بال فائدة‬ Demonstration ‫مظاهرة‬
Strong – weak ‫ ضعيف‬- ‫قوى‬ Boycott ‫مقاطعة – يقاطع‬
Extremist - moderate ‫متعصب – معتدل‬ Agree with ‫يتفق مع‬
Violence - Peaceful ‫ سالم‬- ‫عنف‬ Disagree with ‫ال يتفق مع‬
Victory – defeat ‫ هزيمة‬- ‫نصر‬ Against Racism ‫ضد العنصرية‬
Inferior - superior ً ‫اقل شأنا ً – اعلى شأنا‬ Influenced by ‫متأثر بـ‬
 ‫ لمصدر الفعل ماعدا األفعال الشاذة‬ed ‫يتكون من التصريف الثاني للفعل وعاده باضا فه‬
 Dr Zewail discovered the femto second in 1997.
‫ حدث تم وانتهي في الماضي‬-1
 I met Ahmed yesterday.
) ‫ عاده في الماضي وانتهت ( لم تعد تحدث‬-2
 When I was young, we lived in Cairo.
:‫ يستخدم مع الكلمات التالية‬-4
Yesterday – ago –– in the past – in the ancient times – in last (week

‫زمن الماضي المستمر‬

was , were + v + ing : ‫يتكون من‬

. ‫ للتعبير عن حدث استمر لفترة في الماضي‬-1

 At 10 o'clock yesterday, I was sleeping.
: ‫ للتعبير عن حدث استمر في الماضي عندما قطعه حدث آخر ويستخدم مع‬-2

(When – Then - As soon as)

When ……… past simple ……………,……………past continuous
When ……… past simple …………,…………… past simple ……
(While - As)
While ……… past continuous …………,…………… past simple ……….
As ……… past continuous …………,…………… past simple ……….
While ……… past continuous …………,…………… past continuous
As ……… past continuous …………,…………… past continuous
Rewrite:
1. What do you do every week? (last week)
…………………………………………
2. Aya cleans her room every month. (last month)
…………………………………………….. .
3. We were making the bed. My father came. (As…)
…………………………………………….. .
4. What did he eat? He was going home. (while)
…………………………………………
Choose:
1. Last week, I (travelled – travel – was travelling) to France.
2. They sold their car and (visit – visited – were visiting) Luxor.
3. Amal (was listening – listened – listening) to the music, when her Mum
came.
4. While Viola was studying English, she slept and (was dreaming – dreamt –
dreaming)
5. We didn’t (do – did – doing) the homework yesterday.
6. (Was – Did – Were – Do) he happy yesterday?
7. Who (was – did – were – do) he meet?

Aggressive ‫عدوانى‬ Receive a prize ‫يتلقى جائزة‬

Noble peace prize ‫جائزة نوبل للسالم‬ Experience of ‫خبرة الـ‬
Peaceful protest ‫اعتصام سلمى‬ Organize a strike ‫ينظم اضراب‬
Peaceful march ‫مسيرة سلمية‬ Organize a march ‫ينظم مسيرة‬
Peaceful ‫مظاهرة سلمية‬ Organize a ‫ينظم مظاهرة‬
demonstration demonstration
for peace ‫من اجل السالم‬ Against pollution ‫ضد التلوث‬
For ….. Rights ‫حقوق‬ Against war ‫ضد الحرب‬
For independence ‫من اجل االستقالل‬ Against slavery ‫ضد العبودية‬
For freedom of ‫حرية التعبير‬ Against discrimination ‫ضد التفرقة‬
speech
For democracy ‫الديمقراطية‬ Sack full of ‫جوال ملىء بـ‬
Fans ‫جماهير‬ Sports stars ‫نجوم الرياضة‬
Fame ‫شهرة‬ Sports page ‫ضفحة الرياضة‬
Hope for ‫يأمل فى‬ Score a goal ‫يسجل هدف‬
Sign for ‫يوقع لـ‬ Break records ‫يكسر رقم قياسى‬
Play for ‫يلعب باسم‬ Sporting hero ‫بطل رياضى‬
Attention ‫اهتمام‬ Make a debut ‫ظهور اول‬
Top wages ‫اعلى مرتبات‬ Daily newspaper ‫جرائد يومية‬
Top footballer ‫نجم كرة قدم‬ Voted ‫ ينتخب‬- ‫يصوت لـ‬
Top prizes ‫اعلى الجوائز‬ Draw ‫يتعادل‬
I'm against it ‫انا ضد‬ Tournament ‫بطولة‬
I'm for it ‫ان مع‬ Rugby ‫كرة قدم امريكية‬
Film role ‫دور فى الفيلم‬ The rights of ‫حقوق الـ‬
Real life ‫الحياة الحقيقية‬ Ex-president ‫رئيس سابق‬
Funeral ‫جنازة‬ Promote ‫يعزز – يدفع‬
Famous for ‫ مشهور بـ‬React ‫يعمل رد فعل‬
Rewrite:
5. Have you met Abu Trika? (last week)
…………………………………………
6. He has travelled to France many times. (last month)
…………………………………………….. .
7. How long have you stayed in France? (did)
…………………………………………….. .
8. Have you bought a car before? (ever)
…………………………………………
9. I lived in Alexandria 2 years ago. (have lived)
……………………………………………………… .
10. I visited Paris 5 years ago. (in)
………………………………………………………… .
11. I didn’t go to school. (never)
………………………………………………………. .
Choose:
8. I don’t play football. I've (ever – never – just – yet) watched it.
9. (Did – Have – Has – Do) you done your homework?
10. Mr. Amr went to school (two days ago – since Monday – for two days – in
two days).
11. The Egyptians (have won – won – win – was winning) the African cup in
2010.
A – An – The
A . ‫ تستخـدم قبـل االسـم المفـرد الذى يعـد المبـدوء بحـرف سـاكـن‬
a boy – a girl – a man – a woman – a hand – a lamp - a car - a farm .
a university – a uniform. . W ‫ تنطـق‬O ‫ أو‬Y ‫ تنطـق‬U ‫ قبـل االسـم المفـرد المبـدوء بحـرف‬

An . ‫ تستخـدم قبـل االسـم المفـرد الذى يعـد المبـدوء بحـرف متحـرك‬

an apple – an egg – an inkpot – an orange – an elephant.
. ‫ السـاكنـة المتبـوعـة بحـرف متحـرك‬H ‫ قبـل االسـم المفـرد المبـدوء بحـرف‬
an hour – an honest man.
. ‫ قبـل األسمـاء التـى ال تعـد‬A – An ‫ ال تستخـدم‬
water – milk – oil – freedom – money ……………..

The ‫ـ‬: ‫ تستخـــدم فــى الحــاالت اآلتيـة‬

The little girl in blue is Fatma . ‫ عنـد التعـريف بغـرض التحـديد‬
the Sun – the Moon – the Sky . ‫ مـع األسمـاء الفـريـدة فـى الكـون‬
the cinema – the theatre – the library . ‫ مـع األمـاكـن والمحـالت‬
the tallest – the shortest – the oldest . ‫ مـع الصفـه فى الدرجـة الثالثـة‬
republic – state – union – kingdom ‫ أو‬the Sudan - the Congo . ‫ مع أسمـاء البالد إذا كانـت تحتـوى على‬
the Arab republic of Egypt – the United states of America . …
the River Nile – the Red sea – the Alps . ‫ مـع المعـالـم الجغـرافيـة الرئيسية‬
. ‫ مـع أسمـاء الهيئـات والمنظمـات واأللقـاب والمنـاخ‬
the government – the police – the army – the United Nations – the climate - the weather – the
press ………
.‫ مـع األسمـاء السـابق ذكـرهـا فـى الجمـلة‬
He gave me a book, the book is very important.
listen – play – learn – teach . ‫ قبـل اآلالت المـوسيقيـه بعـد افعـال مثـل‬
He plays the piano.
first – second – third – morning – evening – afternoon ……. . ‫ قبـل كلمـات مثـل‬
Ahmed is the first one to arrive.
‫ـ‬: ‫ وال تستخـدم فى الحـاالت اآلتيـة‬

. ‫مـع األسمـاء التـى تعـد فـى حـاله الجمـع بوجـه عـام‬ 

men – children – vitamins – doctors – flowers – trees ……..

: ‫مـع األسمـاء التى ال تعـد وتشمـل‬ 

milk – tea – coffee – bread …. . ‫أسمـاء الطعـام والشـراب‬ 
glass – wood – gold . ‫المـواد عندمـا تستخـدم بوجـه عـام‬ 
Basketball is not as popular as football. : ‫األلعـاب الرياضية مثـل‬ 
beauty – freedom, love, sadness, happiness ……. . ‫األسمـاء المجـردة مثـل‬ 
Science, History, English, Arabic …… . ‫المـواد الدراسيـه‬ 
Arabic , English , French, Spanish …………… . ‫أسمـاء اللغـات‬ 
breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper ………. . ‫قبـل الوجبـات‬ 
I invited my friend to the dinner. . ‫إال فـى حـالـة دعـوه‬ 
. ‫قبـل األماكـن اآلتيـة إذا كـان الذهـاب إليها أو استخدامهـا للغـرض الـذى أنشئـت من أجـله‬ 
school, bed, hospital, prison, court, church, mosque, college.
. ‫ولكـن تستخـدم إذا كـان الذهـاب إليهـا ألغـراض أخـرى‬ 
He went to the school to meet the headmaster.
He arrives at work at eight o'clock. . ‫ بمعنـى مكـان العمـل‬work ‫قبـل كلمـة‬ 
. go – come - return ‫ بعـد أفعـال‬home ‫قبـل كلمـة‬ 
I went home at six yesterday.
king Fahd - president Mubarak . ‫قبـل الكلمـات المتبـوعة باسـم علـم‬ 
Summer, Autumn, winter, Spring . ‫قبـل أسمـاء فصـول السنـة‬ 
mountain, cape, lake . ‫قبـل كلمـات‬ 
Choose:
1. He lives in (a – an – the - no article) London.
2. It's (a – an - the - no article) most expensive car I've ever seen.
3. Did you come by (a – an – the – no article) air?
4. I had a cup of tea and some coffee. (A – An – The - no article) tea was hot.
5. I couldn't hear because of (a – an – the - no article) noise of the train.
6. The Earth moves round (a – an – the - no article) Sun.
7. I asked (a – an – the - no article) Professor Ahmed about his childhood.
8. She gave me (a – an – the - no article) encouraging reply.
9. (A – An - The – No article) Sun went down (a – an – the - no article) horizon.
10. His father was not (a – an – the - no article) educated man.
11. (A – An - The – No article) man band entertained the crowd.
12. Where is (a – an – the) hat that I bought yesterday.
13. Ngai, (a – the – an) man you met yesterday is (a – an – the) honest man
14. He crossed (a – the – an) Atlantic.

Wheelchair ‫كرسى متحرك‬ Disaster ‫كارثة‬

Fall from ‫يسقط من على‬ Expect to ‫يتوقع ان‬
Remarkable ‫ملحوظ – عظيم‬ Progress ‫تقدم – تحسن‬
Breathe ‫يتنفس‬ On his own ‫بدون مساعدة‬
Announced ‫اعلن‬ Research into ‫ابحاث على‬
Purpose ‫هدف‬ Impressive ‫مؤثر‬
A cure ‫عالج‬ Issue ‫موضوع – قضية‬
Suffer from ‫يعانى من‬ Depression ‫احباط‬
Paralysis ‫شلل‬ Come to ‫يستعيد وعيه‬
Give up ‫يستسلم‬ Come from ‫يأتى من بلد‬
Feel sorry for ‫يشعر باالسف على‬ Came back = return ‫يعود‬
Terrific ‫رائع‬ Work on ‫يعمل بجد‬
Successful actor ‫ممثل ناجح‬ Oscar ceremony ‫حفل االوسكار‬
Divorce ‫يتطلق‬ Regrow ‫ينمو من جديد‬
Medical research ‫بحث طبى‬ Serves ‫اعصاب‬
Draw attention to ‫يجذب االهتمام لـ‬ In the end ‫فى النهاية‬
Achievements ‫انجازات‬ Get in ‫يدخل‬
Optimistic ‫متفائل‬ Get closer ‫يتقارب‬
Pessimistic ‫متشائم‬ Get up ‫يستيقظ‬
Riding accident ‫حادثة ركوب خيل‬ Get to = arrive ‫يصل الى‬
Raise money for ‫يجمع اموال لـ‬ Get off (a bus) ‫ينزل من‬
Spinal cords ‫الحبل الشوكى‬ Get on (a bus) ‫يركب‬
Spinal injures ‫اصابات العمود الفقرى‬ Get on … with ‫على وفاق مع‬
Pull through ‫يجتاز مرض خطير‬ Get over ‫يشفى من‬
Reconnect ‫يتصل من جديد‬ Get together ‫يتقابل – يجتمع مع‬
 A – An – The
A . ‫ تستخـدم قبـل االسـم المفـرد الذى يعـد المبـدوء بحـرف سـاكـن‬
a boy – a girl – a man – a woman – a hand – a lamp - a car - a farm .
a university – a uniform. . W ‫ تنطـق‬O ‫ أو‬Y ‫ تنطـق‬U ‫ قبـل االسـم المفـرد المبـدوء بحـرف‬

An . ‫ تستخـدم قبـل االسـم المفـرد الذى يعـد المبـدوء بحـرف متحـرك‬

an apple – an egg – an inkpot – an orange – an elephant.
. ‫ السـاكنـة المتبـوعـة بحـرف متحـرك‬H ‫ قبـل االسـم المفـرد المبـدوء بحـرف‬
an hour – an honest man.
. ‫ قبـل األسمـاء التـى ال تعـد‬A – An ‫ ال تستخـدم‬
water – milk – oil – freedom – money ……………..

The ‫ـ‬: ‫ تستخـــدم فــى الحــاالت اآلتيـة‬

The little girl in blue is Fatma . ‫ عنـد التعـريف بغـرض التحـديد‬
the Sun – the Moon – the Sky . ‫ مـع األسمـاء الفـريـدة فـى الكـون‬
the cinema – the theatre – the library . ‫ مـع األمـاكـن والمحـالت‬
the tallest – the shortest – the oldest . ‫ مـع الصفـه فى الدرجـة الثالثـة‬
republic – state – union – kingdom ‫ أو‬the Sudan - the Congo . ‫ مع أسمـاء البالد إذا كانـت تحتـوى على‬
the Arab republic of Egypt – the United states of America . …
the River Nile – the Red sea – the Alps . ‫ مـع المعـالـم الجغـرافيـة الرئيسية‬
. ‫ مـع أسمـاء الهيئـات والمنظمـات واأللقـاب والمنـاخ‬
the government – the police – the army – the United Nations – the climate - the weather – the
press ………
.‫ مـع األسمـاء السـابق ذكـرهـا فـى الجمـلة‬
He gave me a book, the book is very important.
listen – play – learn – teach . ‫ قبـل اآلالت المـوسيقيـه بعـد افعـال مثـل‬
He plays the piano.
first – second – third – morning – evening – afternoon ……. . ‫ قبـل كلمـات مثـل‬
Ahmed is the first one to arrive.
‫ـ‬: ‫ وال تستخـدم فى الحـاالت اآلتيـة‬

. ‫ مـع األسمـاء التـى تعـد فـى حـاله الجمـع بوجـه عـام‬

men – children – vitamins – doctors – flowers – trees ……..

: ‫ مـع األسمـاء التى ال تعـد وتشمـل‬

milk – tea – coffee – bread …. . ‫ أسمـاء الطعـام والشـراب‬
glass – wood – gold . ‫ المـواد عندمـا تستخـدم بوجـه عـام‬
Basketball is not as popular as football. : ‫ األلعـاب الرياضية مثـل‬
beauty – freedom, love, sadness, happiness ……. . ‫ األسمـاء المجـردة مثـل‬
Science, History, English, Arabic …… . ‫ المـواد الدراسيـه‬
Arabic , English , French, Spanish …………… . ‫ أسمـاء اللغـات‬
breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper ………. . ‫ قبـل الوجبـات‬
 I invited my friend to the dinner. . ‫ إال فـى حـالـة دعـوه‬
. ‫ قبـل األماكـن اآلتيـة إذا كـان الذهـاب إليها أو استخدامهـا للغـرض الـذى أنشئـت من أجـله‬
school, bed, hospital, prison, court, church, mosque, college.
. ‫ ولكـن تستخـدم إذا كـان الذهـاب إليهـا ألغـراض أخـرى‬
He went to the school to meet the headmaster.
He arrives at work at eight o'clock. . ‫ بمعنـى مكـان العمـل‬work ‫ قبـل كلمـة‬
. go – come - return ‫ بعـد أفعـال‬home ‫ قبـل كلمـة‬
I went home at six yesterday.
king Fahd - president Mubarak . ‫ قبـل الكلمـات المتبـوعة باسـم علـم‬
Summer, Autumn, winter, Spring . ‫ قبـل أسمـاء فصـول السنـة‬
mountain, cape, lake . ‫ قبـل كلمـات‬

Choose:
15. He lives in (a – an – the - no article) London.
16. It's (a – an - the - no article) most expensive car I've ever seen.
17. Did you come by (a – an – the – no article) air?
18. I had a cup of tea and some coffee. (A – An – The - no article) tea was hot.
19. I couldn't hear because of (a – an – the - no article) noise of the train.
20. The Earth moves round (a – an – the - no article) Sun.
21. I asked (a – an – the - no article) Professor Ahmed about his childhood.
22. She gave me (a – an – the - no article) encouraging reply.
23. (A – An - The – No article) Sun went down (a – an – the - no article) horizon.
24. His father was not (a – an – the - no article) educated man.
25. (A – An - The – No article) man band entertained the crowd.
26. Where is (a – an – the) hat that I bought yesterday.
27. Ngai, (a – the – an) man you met yesterday is (a – an – the) honest man
28. He crossed (a – the – an) Atlantic.
Memorable ‫ال تنسى‬ Stay in ‫يقيم فى‬
Religious ‫دينى‬ Delicious ‫شهى‬
Daily routine ‫النظام اليومى‬ Rush hour ‫ساعة الذروة‬
Quite fluent ‫لبق جدا‬ Accept ‫يوافق – يقبل‬
Generous ‫كريم‬ Offer ‫عرض‬
Minarets ‫مأذن – المساجد‬ Dates ‫بلح‬
Mint tea ‫شاى بالنعناع‬ Roast lamb ‫لحم خروف مشوى‬
Hospitality ‫كرم الضيافة‬ Festival ‫مهرجان‬
Take place ‫يحدث‬ Turn on ‫يشغل‬
Take off ‫تقلع الطائرة – يخلع مالبس‬ Turn out ‫يطفىء‬
Dress up ‫يلبس جيدا‬ Full ‫شبعان‬
As soon as ‫بمجرد ان‬ Sleepy ‫نعسان‬
During ‫اثناء‬ Asleep ‫يشعر بانوم‬
After that ‫بعد ذلك‬ Excursion ‫رحلة ترفيهية‬
Then ‫ثم‬ Get married ‫يتزوج‬
Suddenly ‫فجأة‬ Guest ‫ضيف‬
Wear make up ‫تضع الماكياج‬ Close family ‫االقارب المقربين‬
Afterwards ‫فيما بعد‬ Groom ‫عريس‬
Bride ‫عروس‬ Celebrate ‫يحتفل‬
Wedding ceremony ‫مراسم الزفاف‬ Receive an invitation ‫يستلم دعوة‬
Wedding reception ‫حفل استقبال الزفاف‬ Get an invitation ‫يستلم دعوة‬
Informal ‫غير رسمى‬ Formal clothes ‫مالبس رسمية‬
Necessity and lack of Necessity ‫الضـــرورة ونقـــص الضــــرورة‬
with Present ‫المضــــارع‬
Necessity ‫الضـــرورة‬
have to – has to + ‫مصـــــدر‬
It is necessary You have to study hard. ‫اإللـزام مـن الظـروف الخارجيـة‬
He has to study hard.
It is necessary to pay the money.
lack of Necessity ‫نقـــص الضـــرورة‬
 don't have to - doesn't have to + ‫مصــدر‬
It is not necessary You don't have to study hard.
He doesn't have to study hard.
It is not necessary to buy meat.
You don't have to buy meat.

with Past ‫الماضــى‬

Necessity ‫الضـــرورة‬
had to + ‫مصـــدر‬
It was necessary You had to study hard.
He had to study hard.
It was necessary for her to take a taxi.
She had to take a taxi.
lack of Necessity ‫نقــص الضـــرورة‬
didn't have to + inf ‫شئ لـم يكـن مهـم ولذلـك لـم أفعلـه‬
I didn't have to take a taxi. ( I didn't take a taxi )
It was not necessary
It was not necessary for her to buy bread as I bought.
She didn't have to buy bread.
It was not necessary for me to buy milk but I bought.
I didn’t have to buy milk.
It is advisable to = should
It's important to = should
Should = It's wrong to = shouldn’t + ‫المصـــــدر‬
It's not advisable = shouldn’t

Rewrite:
1. It's necessary for me to get up at 6 o'clock. (have to)
……………………………………………….. .
2. It isn’t necessary for us to wear school uniform. (have to)
……………………………………………….. .
3. It was necessary for my father to travel yesterday. (had to)
……………………………………………….. .
4. It wasn’t necessary for us to take a taxi. (have to)
……………………………………………….. .
5. My father lets me watch tv every day. (can)
……………………………………………….. .
6. My father allows me to sleep late. (can)
……………………………………………….. .
7. You aren’t allowed to go to the cinema. (can't)
……………………………………………….. .
8. It's very important to take your medicine. (should)
 ……………………………………………….. .
9. It's wrong to talk to your teacher like that. (shouldn’t)
……………………………………………….. .
10. You can't smoke here. (not allowed)
……………………………………………….. .
11. We have permission to play in the lesson. (can)
……………………………………………….. .
12. Teachers don’t allow us to speak in the class. (can)
……………………………………………….. .

Ceremony ‫مراسم احتفال‬ Certificate ‫شهادة‬

Champion ‫بطل رياضى‬ Graduation ‫تخرج‬
Graduate from ‫يتخرج من‬ University ‫جامعة‬
Salary ‫مرتب‬ Retire from ‫يتقاعد من‬
Whisper ‫يهمس‬ Relatives ‫اقارب‬
Stage ‫منصة‬ Terrific ‫رائع‬
Barbecue ‫حفل شواء‬ Win a competition ‫يفوز بمسابقة‬
Win a ‫يفوز بمنحة دراسية‬ Pass a test ‫يجتاز اختبار‬
scholarship
A driving test ‫اختبار قيادة‬ Get a job ‫يحصل عى وظيفة‬
Retirement party ‫حفل تقاعد‬ Opportunity ‫فرصة‬
Look forward to ‫يتطلع الى‬ Have a baby ‫يرزق بطفل‬
Naming a baby )‫تسمية المولود (السبوع‬ Seasonal ‫موسمى‬
Route ‫طريق – مسار‬ On hilltops ‫على قمم التالل‬
A celebration of ‫احتفال بـ‬ Light – lit ‫يشعل‬
Perform ‫يؤدى – يعرض‬ Floral dance ‫رقصة الزهور‬
Procession ‫موكب – مسيرة‬ Narrow ‫ضيق‬
Top hats ‫قبعات رأس عالية‬ Dressed in = wear ‫يرتدى‬
Build Bonfire ‫نار تشعل فى الخالء‬ On the night ‫فى الليل‬
Summer solstice ‫االنقالب السنوى للصيف‬ Halloween ‫عيد القديسين‬
Creatures ‫مخلوقات‬ Lantern ‫فانوس‬
Costume ‫مالبس تاريخية‬ Immigrants ‫مهاجرين‬
Trick or treat ‫حلوى ام خدعة‬ Suit ‫بدلة‬
 Active and passive: Present and Past

Am
Is - Was + V. P.P
O Are Were

1. They build a bonfire for the celebration. (built)

………………………………………………………….. .
2. Where do they recycle cans? (are)
………………………………………………………….. .
3. In Brazil, they grow the best coffee in the world. (grown)
………………………………………………………….. .
4. Do they grow cotton in Egypt? (Is…?)
………………………………………………………….. .
5. The photographer took this photo after the earthquake.
………………………………………………………….. .
6. The police didn’t find the lost car.
………………………………………………………….. .
7. How did the thief break the windows? (were)
………………………………………………………….. .
8. Did they use computers in schools in 1970s? (Were…?)
………………………………………………………….. .
Ex – millionaire ‫مليونير سابق‬ College professor ‫استاذ جامعى‬
A fortune ‫ثروة‬ Caravan ‫عربة نوم‬
Second hand ‫مستعمل‬ Charity shops ‫محالت خيرية‬
Tragedy ‫مأساة‬ Give away ‫يتبرع بـ‬
Banknotes ‫اوراق نقدية‬ Get on ‫يتالئم مع‬
Drop out ‫يغير نمط حياته‬ For anything ‫مقابل اى شىء‬
No way ‫مستحيل‬ A bargain ‫صفقة – مساومة‬
Discount ‫تخفيض فى السعر‬ Full price ‫السعر الكامل‬
Generous ‫كريم‬ Lower price ‫سعر اقل‬
Top quality ‫افضل جودة‬ Take off ‫يخفض – ينقص من‬
Gold Earrings ‫حلق ذهبى‬ The right price ‫السعر المناسب‬
Old record ‫اسطوانة قديمة‬ Shopper = buyer ‫متسوق‬
Valuable ‫ذو قيمة‬ Firm ‫صارم‬
Confident ‫واثق‬ Aggressive ‫عدوانى‬
Seller ‫بائع‬ Shop owner ‫صاحب المحل‬
Trainers ‫حذاء رياضى‬ Tie ‫ربطة عنق‬
Bracelet ‫اسورة‬ Anorak ‫سويتر بغطاء الرأس‬
Careful with money ‫حريص على المال‬ Spend money ‫يصرف النقود‬
Mean ‫بخيل‬ A present of money ‫هدية نقدية‬
Give money away ‫يوزع نقود‬ Give money to charity ‫يتبرع بنقود للخير‬
Earn money ‫يكسب نقود‬ Excellent value ‫سعر ممتاز‬
Set aims for ‫يحدد اهداف لـ‬ Penny ‫قرش‬
Adverts ‫اعالنات‬ Gadgets ‫اجهزة حديثة‬
Wires ‫اسالك‬ Walk around ‫يتجول‬
Relaxing music ‫موسيقى هادئة‬ Go up to ‫يسير حتى‬
Away from ‫بعيدا عن‬ Go through ‫يمر من خالل‬
Freedom to ‫حرية الـ‬ Mini camera ‫كاميرا صغيرة الحجم‬
Advanced ‫متقدمة‬ Easy to use ‫سهل االستخدام‬
Convenient ‫ مالئم‬- ‫مناسب‬ Reliable ‫يعتمد على‬
Automatic flash ‫ضوء ساطع الى‬ Made from ‫مصنوع من‬
Attractive ‫جذاب‬ Compact ‫مضغوط‬
Plastic earplugs ‫سدادات اذن بالستيكية‬ Customers ‫زبائن‬
Feline ‫من ساللة القطط‬ Worried about ‫قلق من‬
Sit back ‫يسترخى‬

Countable nouns : many – a few – some – any – no – a lot of

child ‫ عند الجمع ماعدا االسماء الشاذة مثل‬s ‫ ويضاف اليها‬a-an ‫االسماء التي تعد هي التي تأخذ‬
Ex: chairs- books-places-hours-exercises-countries-vegetables-pounds-
weeks……etc.
Ex: I haven't got many books .

Uncountable nouns : much – a little – some – any – no – a lot of

‫ والتجمع‬a-an ‫االسماء التي ال تعد هي التي ال تأخذ‬
Ex: milk-glass-cloth-water-money-furniture-work-homework-gold-fun-love-
space-time-TV- baggage(luggage)- information – sugar- fruit-
freedom……..etc.
Ex: She doesn't have much rice .
REWRITE:
1. I have a little money so I walk to school. (much)
………………………………………………….. .
2. I wanted to buy much food for the dinner. (a little)
………………………………………………….. .
3. He has a few shirts. (many)
………………………………………………….. .
4. We have plenty of rubbish. We need to get rid of it. (much)
………………………………………………….. .
5. He is happy because he has much gold. (a little)
………………………………………………….. .
6. The mechanic didn’t do anything to repair my car. (nothing)
………………………………………………….. .
7. He gave me no idea about the summer holiday. (any)
………………………………………………….. .
8. There are some cars in the garage. (not)
………………………………………………….. .
9. Badr doesn’t have any new shoes. (no)
Choose:
1. I don’t have (any – some – mnay – a few – a) milk so I am thirsty.
2. She doesn’t have (many – much – a few – a) time to do the H.W.
3. There are (many – much – a little – a few) people at the sea in summer.
4. I haven’t got much coffee. I only have (a few – a little – many – a lot of).
5. English can bring (no – any – many – lots) happiness.
6. How (many – much) cars do you have?
7. How (many much) is your car?
Android ‫انسان آلى‬ Aliens ‫كائنات فضائية‬
Hacker ‫مقتحم انظمة الكمبيوتر‬ Virtual ‫افتراضى‬
Violent ‫عنيف‬ Cybercriminal ‫مجرم يستخدم االنترنت‬
Political demands ‫مطالب سياسية‬ Cyber terrorist ‫ارهابى يستخدم االنترنت‬
Genetic ‫هندسة وراثية‬ Cyberspace ‫فضاء االنترنت‬
engineering
Futurologist ‫عالم مستقبليات‬ Clear evidence ‫دليل واضح‬
Species ‫سالالت حيوان‬ Coastline ‫الخط الساحلى‬
Coastal villages ‫قرى سياحية‬ Destruction ‫دمار‬
Immediate action ‫تصرف فورى‬ Chaos ‫فوضى‬
Affect ‫يؤثر فى‬ Optimistic about ‫متفائل بخصوص‬
Holiday offers ‫عروض رحالت‬ Pessimistic about ‫متشائم بخصوص‬
Dramatically ‫بصورة هائلة‬ Connected to ‫متصل بـ‬
Experts ‫خبراء‬ Global warming ‫انحباس حرارى‬
Entertainment ‫تسلية وترفيه‬ Book ‫يحجز‬
Specialists ‫متخصصون‬ Postal service ‫خدمة بريدية‬
Increasing use of ‫االستخدام المتزائد لـ‬ Virtual schools ‫مدارس افتراضية‬
Military reasons ‫اسباب عسكرية‬ The pentagon ‫وزارة الدفاع االمريكية‬
Communications ‫االتصاالت‬ Nuclear war ‫حرب نووية‬
Grow fast ‫ينمو بسرعة‬ Job search ‫البحث عن وظيفة‬
Ancient ‫قديم‬ Civilization ‫حضارة‬
Archeological site ‫موقع تنقيب اثار‬ Get in touch ‫يبقى على اتصال‬
Exhibition on ‫معرض لـ‬ Mind-blowing ‫صادم – محير‬
Marathon ‫عدو مسافات طويلة‬ Boutique ‫محل مالبس‬
Footwear ‫احذية‬ What's on? ‫ماذا يحدث؟‬
Do you fancy going ‫هل تحب ان تذهب‬ What's going on? ‫ماذا يحدث؟‬
Go shopping ‫يتسوق‬ Play tennis ‫يلعب تنس‬
Go camping ‫يعسكر‬ Play computer games ‫يلعب على الكومبيوتر‬
Go rock climbing ‫يتسلق الجبال‬ Play basketball ‫يلعب كرة سلة‬
Do judo ‫يلعب جودو‬ Make a cake ‫يعمل كعكة‬
Do homework ‫يفعل الواجب‬ Make clothes ‫يفصل مالبس‬
Get on well with Have a good Get in touch = contact ‫يتصل‬
relationship with
Get on with Continue doing Get better = improve ‫يتحسن‬
Get on = manage ‫يدير – يتدبر اموره‬ Get from = receive ‫ يستلم‬- ‫يحصل على‬
 Will & Going to

Will + inf. am
is going to + inf.
are
quick decision ‫قرار سريع‬ (decisions ‫ قرارت‬- plans ‫ – خطط‬intend – intention ‫)نوايا‬
make promise ‫للوعد‬ (it's clear that – look)
(I'm sure – I think – in my opinion – I believe – now)

Rewrite:
1. We have decided to travel to Aswan the next winter. (going to)
……………………………………………………… .
2. I intend to eat in the club with my friends. (going to)
……………………………………………………… .
3. It's going to rain this evening. (I think….)
……………………………………………………… .
4. We've decided to dive in the red sea. (We are….)
……………………………………………………… .
5. Will you come to the cinema with me? (going to)
……………………………………………………… .
6. It's clear that the internet growth is going to continue. (I'm sure…)
……………………………………………………… .
7. He intends to send a letter to her. (going to)
……………………………………………………… .
8. What do you plan to study tomorrow? (going to)
……………………………………………………… .
Pronouns
Subject pronouns Object pronouns Possessive adjectives Possessive pronouns
He Me My Mine
She her Her Hers
It It Its Its
I Me My Mine
We Us Our Ours
They Them Their Theirs
you You Your yours
Choose:
1. She lives in London with (hers – her – us – mine) family.
2. Mona doesn't know about her meeting. I'll send (me – you – her – she) an SMS.
3. No, sorry this car isn’t (me- my – mine – its.
4. My parents are very proud of (me – he – she – your).
5. Ahmed is a good doctor. We all like (his – him – her – us).
6. Which one is (ours – our – hers – mine) car?

IF
The Zero conditional ..
If + present simple, present simple.
If + present simple, Imperative.
Rewrite:
1. Ice melts by heat. (If…)
……………………………………………………… .
2. When you need help, call me. (If…)
……………………………………………………… .
3. When I'm thirsty, I always drink water. (If…)
……………………………………………………… .
4. Heat changes water into steam. (If…)
……………………………………………………… .
5. Put salt on to snow to melt it. (If…)
……………………………………………………… .
6. Water the plants to make them grow. (If…)
……………………………………………………… .
7. Wood floats in water. (If…)
……………………………………………………… .

Situations
‫ – مغادرة شخص‬1
Goodbye – Bye bye
See you tomorrow.
I'd better go now.
‫تقديم شخص‬
Hello, This is …… .
 Request
‫الطلب‬
Situation meaning
Can I / Can we + ‫? مصدر الفعل‬ ‫هل يمكن أن ؟‬
May I + ‫?مصدر الفعل‬ ‫هل يمكن أن ؟‬
Could I / we + ‫?مصدر الفعل‬ ‫هل يمكن أن ؟‬
3 – Suggestion
‫االقتراح‬
Situation meaning
Why don't you/ + ‫? مصدر‬ ........ ‫لما ال‬
What/how about + v. + ing ‫ ؟‬....... ‫ما رأيك فى‬
Let's + ‫مصدر‬ ........... ‫هيا بنا‬
‫ الرد على االقتراحات‬-
Accepting ‫قبول‬ Refusing ‫رفض‬
Good idea. ‫ فكرة جيدة‬No, thanks.
Great, I'd love to No, I don't think so.
Yes, let's. Sorry, I can't. I'm busy.

Virtual reality ‫واقع افتراضى‬ Simulator ‫جهاز محاكى للواقع‬

Go on holiday ‫يذهب فى اجازة‬ Lifetime ‫عمر – حياتك‬
go to the forest ‫يذهب للغابة‬ Browse ‫يتصفح‬
Go on a world tour ‫يذهب لرحلة حول‬ Interactive quizzes ‫اختبارات تفاعلية‬
‫العالم‬
Virtual experiments ‫تجارب افتراضية‬ Depend on ‫يعتمد على‬
Pass exam ‫يجناز اختبار‬ Internet connection ‫اتصال بالشبكة‬
Fail exam ‫يفشل فى اختبار‬ Computer expert ‫خبير كمبيوتر‬
Have problems with ‫يواجه مشاكل مع‬ Do a project on ‫يعمل بحث عن‬
Have fun ‫يستمتع‬ Yacht ‫يخت‬
Have festivals ‫يحظى باحتفاالت‬ Take a boat trip ‫يعمل رحلة بمركب‬
Make new friends ‫يكون اصدقاء‬ Live in the forest ‫يعيش فى الغابة‬
Make models ‫يكون نماذج‬ Live on the moon ‫يعيش على القمر‬
Located on (island) ‫تقع فى‬ Live on Earth ‫يعيش على االرض‬
Located in (continent) ‫تقع فى قارة‬ Seaport ‫ميناء بحرى‬
Industry ‫الصناعة‬ Multicultural ‫متعدد الثقافات‬
Settle in ‫يستقر – يستوطن‬ Governor ‫حاكم – محافظ‬
Suburb ‫ضاحية‬ Protest against ‫يحتج على‬
 Sights ‫مناظر طبيعية‬ Volcanic hills ‫تالل بركانية‬
Harbour bridge ‫كوبرى الميناء‬ Exotic plants ‫نباتات غريبة‬
Perform ‫يؤدى‬ Traditional dances ‫رقصات تقليدية‬
Nickname ‫اسم مستعار‬ City of sails ‫مدينة االشرعة‬
Windsurfing ‫التزحلق على االمواج‬ Iron and steel ‫الحديد والصلب‬
Textile ‫منسوجات‬ Canoe ‫قارب صغير‬
Distinctive ‫مميز‬ Land marks ‫معالم شهيرة‬
Do experiments ‫يعمل تجارب‬ Make a guess ‫يخمن‬
Do the shopping ‫يشترى الطلبات‬ Make a phone call ‫يعمل مكالمة‬
Do your bed ‫يرتب السرير‬ Make your bed ‫يرتب السرير‬
Do an exam ‫يؤدى اختبار‬ Make a suggestion ‫يقترح‬
Do well at English ‫يبلى بالء حسنا‬ Make a prediction ‫يتنبأ‬
Do the dishes ‫يغسل االطباق‬ Make a mistake ‫يخطىء‬
Do the washing up ‫يغسل االطباق‬ Make a noise ‫يصدر ضوضاء‬
Do water sports ‫يمارس رياضات مائية‬ Make tea ‫يعد الشاى‬
Do an exercise ‫يحل تمرين‬ Make dinner ‫يعد العشاء‬
Do nothing ‫ال يفعل شيئا‬ Make furniture ‫يصنع االثاث‬
Do something ‫يفعل شيئا‬ Make a visit ‫يقوم بزيارة‬
Do a project ‫يعمل بحث عن‬ Make a speech ‫يلقى خطبة‬
Do a favour ‫يعمل خدمة‬ Make a decision ‫يتخذ قرار‬

IF
The First conditional ..
If + present simple, will + inf.
Unless = if not

The Second conditional ..

If + past simple, would + inf.
If I were you, I'd +inf.
Without + v.ing , would + inf.
Rewrite:
1. If he doesn’t study vocabulary, he will be failure. (Unless…)
……………………………………………………… .
2. You are sick. You don’t go to school. (If…)
……………………………………………………… .
3. It isn’t wise to come to the lesson without studying. (If…)
……………………………………………………… .
4. You won't be the first unless you study. (if)
……………………………………………………… .
5. If she didn’t sleep, she would be tired. (Without…)
……………………………………………………… .
6. He doesn’t go to school because he is ill. (If…)
……………………………………………………… .
7. If he invites me, I'll come. (Unless….)
……………………………………………………… .

Whirlpool ‫دوامة‬ Say a prayer ‫يتلو صالة‬

Float ‫يطفو‬ A couple of weeks ‫بضعة اسابيع‬
Soul ‫روح‬ Horizon ‫االفق‬
Survive ‫ينجو بحياته‬ Recover ‫يتعافى – يشفى‬
Companions ‫رفاق‬ Recognize ‫يتعرف على‬
Pick up ‫يلتقط‬ Tie to ‫يربط فى‬
Go down = sink ‫يغرق‬ Go over = cross ‫يعبر فوق‬
Fall overboard ‫يسقط من على المركب‬ Calm ‫هادىء‬
Horrible = terrible ‫فظيع‬ On the edge of ‫على حافة‬
Move towards ‫يتحرك باتجاه‬ Go in the direction ‫يذهب فى اتجاه‬
I thought my life was ‫اعتقدت ان حياتى‬ At great speed ‫بسرعة عظيمة‬
over ‫انتهت‬
Bring a story to a ‫ينهى القصة‬ Water skiing ‫التزلج على الماء‬
conclusion
Sea creatures ‫مخلوقات بحرية‬ Exhausted ‫متعب – منهك‬
Exotic island ‫جزيرة غريبة‬ Afterwards ‫فيما بعد‬
Meanwhile ‫فى نفس االثناء‬ Have a holiday ‫يأخذ اجازة‬
Go for a walk ‫يخرج للتمشية‬ Get tired ‫يشعر بالتعب‬
On the beach ‫على الشاطى‬ In the sea ‫فى البحر‬
At the seaside ‫على سواحل البحر‬ Stay in a hotel ‫يمكث فى فندق‬
It's time for ‫حان الوقت لـ‬ Terrific ‫رائع‬
Excursions ‫رحالت – جوالت‬ Scuba dive ‫الغطس الحر‬
Thanks for ‫شكرا لـ‬ About = almost ‫تقريبا‬
Practice ‫تمارس‬ An apartment ‫شقة‬
Noun Verb Adjectives Opposite Adverb
Terror To terrify Terrified Terrifyingly
Safety To save Safe Unsafe Safely
Clarity To clear Clear Unclear Clearly
Death Die Dead Alive
Mystery Mysterious
Fortune Fortunately
Length Long

Have, has + p.p :‫يتــكـــون مــــن‬

 I have just written the report.
 She has already cleaned the house.
:‫استخدامه‬
:‫ يعبر عن حدث بدا وانتهي في الماضي لكن أثره في الحاضر‬-1
 I have lost my key. (I can't open the door)
 He has just arrived. ‫حدث انتهي منذ فتره قصيرة‬
.‫ يعبر عن حدث بدا في الماضي وما زال مستمر حتى أالن‬-2
 I have lived in Tanta for 20 years. = I still live in Tanta
 I lived in Tanta for 20 years. = I live somewhere else.

Since ‫منذ‬ Already ‫بالفعل‬ Up till ‫حتى اآلن‬

now
For ‫منذ‬ Just ‫حاال‬ Ever ‫سبق أبدا‬
Lately ‫حديثا‬ Yet ‫ليس بعد‬ Never )‫أبدا (ال‬
recently ‫مؤخرا‬ So far ‫حتى أالن‬ Over the years

(since / for) -1
 I have lived in Egypt since 1980.
 I have lived in Egypt for 28 years.

(just / already) ‫ القريب‬-2

 I've just finished my homework.
 I've already finished my homework.

(never / yet) ‫يشير إلى شئ لم يحدث بعد‬-3

 I've never been to Europe.
 I haven't finished my homework yet.

.)ever( ‫يستخدم عند سؤال شخص ما عن تجاربه الشخصية‬-4

 Have you ever been to Italy?

‫( تأتى فى نهاية الجملة المثبتة‬Recently) -5

 I have seen him recently

‫االستفهامية‬/‫( تأتى فى نهاية الجملة المنفية‬lately) -6

Have you seen him lately?

 I haven't seen him lately.
 Have you ever been to Paris?
 No, I have never been to Paris
 Has, have been to + ‫مكان‬ ‫ذهب إلي مكان وعاد منه‬
 He has been to London (now he is in Egypt)
 Has, have gone to + ‫مكان‬ ‫ذهب إلي مكان وما زال هناك‬
He has gone to Italy (he is still there)

‫الفــــرق بــــين‬
 Since ‫نقطه بداية الحدث‬
 for ‫مده الحدث – الفترة‬
.‫ فعل واحد نضعه في زمن المضارع التام‬since ‫ إذا جاء مع‬
 She has learned English since 1995.
.‫ فعالن نضع قبلها زمن المضارع التام وبعدها زمن الماضي البسيط‬since ‫إذا جاء مع‬
‫ مضارع تام‬+ since + ‫ماضي بسيط‬

 She has been in bed since she arrived home.

 He has been studying since he returned from school.
:‫ الحظ الجدول األتي‬
Since For
Since 7 o'clock For 2 hours
Since 2000 For 5 years
Since yesterday For a day - one day
Since last week For a night - the last night
Since April For 2 months
Since Friday For five days
Since then For ages , along time
Since spring For a season
Since his arrival For years – a while

: ‫مالحظات‬
‫ والعكس نطرح من الفترة الحالية‬for ‫ بدال من‬since ‫) عند استخدام‬1)
7. I have lived in Tanta for 9 years. (since)
I have lived in Tanta since 2001.
8. He hasn’t visited his aunt since 2003. (for)
He hasn’t visited his aunt for seven years.
9. He has worked as a teacher for 5 years. (since)
He has worked as a teacher since 2005.
:‫ نستخدم‬since ‫مدة ولكنها غير معلومة وطلب وضع‬for ‫) اذا جاء بعد‬2)
 It`s ( it has been ) + ‫ المدة‬+ since +‫ماضى بسيط مثبت‬
4. I haven’t eaten fish for along time. (since)
It’s along time since I ate fish.
5. Its ages since I phoned my cousin. (for)
I haven’t phoned my uncle for a long time.
6. She hasn’t read the paper for a long time. (since)
It’s a long time since she read the paper.
‫واستخدم‬last ‫ احذف‬since ‫(وطلب منك وضع‬I last…………when) ‫) اذا جالك‬3)
.‫مكانها‬since ‫ وضع‬when ‫المضارع التام المنفى واحذف‬
9. I last ate beans when I was in Alex. (since)
I haven't eaten beans since I was in Alex.
10. I last swam in the sea when I was in Alex. (since)
I haven’t swum in the sea since I was in Alex.
11. Soha hasn’t eaten fish since she was in Port Said. (when)
Soha last ate fish when she was in Port Said.
12. I last saw her when she was a child. (Since)
I haven't seen her since she was a child.
:ago ‫ حول الجملة الى المضارع التام واحذف المدة التى تسبق‬just ‫ و طلب وضع‬ago ‫) اذا جالك‬4)
7. He came a moment ago. ( just )
He has just come.
8. I have just washed my car. (ago)
I washed my car a moment ago.
9. She left home a moment ago. (just)
She has just left home.
Rewrite:
1. I last saw her in 2009. (for)
…………………………………………
2. I drove the car a few minutes ago. (already)
…………………………………………….. .
3. I saw this film last week. (just)
…………………………………………….. .
4. We didn’t go to school yesterday. (yet)
…………………………………………
5. Have you bought a car before? (ever)
…………………………………………
6. I lived in Alexandria 2 years ago. (have lived)
……………………………………………………… .
7. I didn’t go to school. (never)
………………………………………………………. .
8. Egyptians are happy for winning the match. (because)
………………………………………………………. .
Overseas = abroad ‫عبر البحار‬ Natural disaster ‫كارثة طبيعية‬
Escape from ‫يهرب من‬ Unemployment ‫البطالة‬
Emigrants ‫مهاجرين‬ Agree with ‫يتفق مع‬
Reason for ‫سبب‬ Earthquake ‫زلزال‬
Flood ‫فيضان‬ Political problems ‫مشاكل سياسية‬
Drought ‫جفاف‬ The majority of ‫غالبية الـ‬
A free choice ‫اختيار حر‬ Taxes ‫ضرائب‬
Common reason ‫سبب رئيسى‬ Illegal ‫غير شرعى‬
Economic reasons ‫اسباب اقتصادية‬ Learn about ‫يتعلم عن‬
The country of their birth ‫مسقط راسهم‬ Home ‫الوطن‬
Really? ‫حقا؟‬ You know what I mean? ‫تعرف قصدى؟‬
Undersea world ‫عالم اعماق البحار‬ Aquarium ‫معرض الكائنات‬
‫البحرية‬
Polar world ‫عالم الحياة القطبية‬ A real iceberg ‫جبل جليدى عائم‬
Seal ‫عجل البحر‬ Feeding time ‫وقت الطعام‬
Penguin ‫البطريق‬ Coral reef ‫الشعاب المرجانية‬
Exotic ‫غريب جدا‬ Tropical fish ‫اسماك استوائية‬
Discovery pool ‫حوض االستكشاف‬ Crabs ‫كابوريا‬
Starfish ‫نجمة البحر‬ Creatures ‫مخلوقات‬
Aquatheatre ‫المسرح المائى‬ Spectacular show ‫عرض رائع‬
Virtual reality voyage ‫رحلة محاكاة الواقع‬ Voyage ‫رحلة بحرية‬
Up to date ‫حديث – متطور‬ Attraction ‫عنصر جذب‬
Toadfish ‫السمكة الضفدع‬ Decibel ‫وحدة قياس الصوت‬
Angler fish ‫صائد بصنارة‬ A special fin ‫زعنفة خاصة‬
Goby fish ‫الجوبيون‬ Tiniest fish ‫اصغر سمكة‬
Giant ‫عمالق‬ Ugly ‫قبيح‬
Too + ‫ الصفة‬+ to + inf.
Not + ‫الصفة‬+ enough + to + inf.
Too = as well ‫فى اخر الجملة المثبتة‬
Either ‫تأتى فى نهاية الجملة المنفية‬
Rewrite:
1. The school isn’t big enough for all the students. (too)
…………………………………………. .
2. This book is too expensive to buy. (because)
…………………………………………. .
3. She goes to school too late. (enough)
…………………………………………. .
4. The film isn’t interesting enough to watch it. (too)
…………………………………………. .
5. The bed is too cold. (enough)
…………………………………………. .
6. We can't reach the roof. It's very high. (too)
…………………………………………. .
7. She can't stay alone because she is young. (enough)
…………………………………………. .

‫اثنين متساويين في‬ ‫ مقارنة بين اثنين‬-1 :‫ المقارنة بين واحد وعدد كبير‬-1
as ‫ صفة‬as er + than the + est
taller than The tallest
‫ ولو صفة كبيرة بنستخدم‬-2 :‫ ولو صفة كبيرة بنستخدم‬-2
less - More ‫ الصفة‬+ than The least - The most + ‫الصفة‬
More expensive than The most beautiful.
‫ اذا وجدت صفتين عكس بعض‬-3 ‫ وطلب منك‬er ‫ اذا جائت الصفة بها‬-3
.‫قم بنفى الجملة‬ :‫ نقوم بـ‬est ‫وضع‬
Amr is fatter than Ali. (thinner) 1- Amr is taller than any boy.
Amr isn’t thinner than Ali. (tallest)
‫( نضع‬No) ‫ ولو ابتدت الجملة بـ‬-4 Amr is the tallest boy.
er ‫ بعدها الصفة بها‬2- No boy is taller than Amr.
No boy is taller than Amr. (tallest)
‫) وقال لك ابدأ‬No( ‫ جملة ابتدت بـ‬-5 .‫في هذه الجملة نبدأ باالسم الموجود في اخر الجملة‬
‫ ضع‬.‫ بالسم الموجود في اخر الجملة‬Amr is the tallest boy.
)any( ‫االسم في اول الجملة وضع‬
.than ‫بعد‬
No boy is taller than Amr.
Amr is taller than any boy.
Rewrite:
1. Whales aren’t as small as dolphins. (bigger)
………………………………………………. .
2. Chimpanzees aren’t as intelligent as Dolphins. (less)
………………………………………………. .
3. Amany is fatter than Ahmed. (as…as) more ‫أكثر‬
………………………………………………. .
fewer ‫أقل للعدد‬
4. Ayman isn’t as short as Mohamed. (shorter)
less ‫للكمية‬ ‫أقل‬
………………………………………………. .
5. Fady is better than me at science. (worse)
………………………………………………. .
6. My car is more beautiful than your car. (less)
………………………………………………. .
7. This exam is easier than that exam. (more)
………………………………………………. .
 Sightseeing ‫رؤية المعالم السياحية‬ Brochure ‫منشور سياحى‬
Fort ‫قلعة – حصن‬ Foundations ‫اساسات‬
Minaret ‫منارة – مئذنة‬ Mosque ‫مسجد‬
Oil well ‫بئر بترول‬ Ruins ‫دمار – خراب‬
Skyline ‫صور ظالل المبانى‬ Causeway ‫ممر – طريق مرتفع‬
Impressive ‫مبهر‬ Traditional ‫تقليدى‬
Local ‫محلى‬ Architecture ‫فن العمارة‬
Wind tower ‫برج تهوية‬ Links with ‫يربط بـ‬
Prisoner ‫سجين‬ Pearls ‫لؤلؤ‬
Jewellery ‫مجوهرات‬ Traveler ‫رحالة‬
Explorer ‫مستكشف‬ The railway ‫السكة الحديد‬
Century ‫قرن‬ Islamic law ‫الشريعة االسالمية‬
Pilgrimage ‫رحلة الحج‬ Pilgrim ‫حاج‬
Mountain ranges ‫سالسل الجبال‬ Exotic islands ‫جزر غريبة‬
Well off = wealth ‫ثرى جدا‬ Scholar ‫عالم‬
Judge ‫قاضى‬ Hospitality ‫كرم الضيافة‬
Make judgments ‫يصدر احكام‬ Ambassador ‫سفير‬
Jerusalem ‫القدس‬ Out-break )‫تفشى (مرض‬
Old age ‫فى فترة الكبر‬ Have adventures ‫يحظى بمغامرات‬
Shipwrecked ‫ناج من حطام السفينة‬ Pirates ‫قراصنة‬
Captured ‫قبض عليه – يأسر‬ Escaped with his life ‫نجا بحياته‬
Hermit )‫ناسك (متفرغ للعبادة‬ Survive ‫يحيا – ينجو من‬
The black death ‫الطاعون االسود‬ The Dome of the Rock ‫قبة الصخرة‬
Marvelous ‫مدهش – عجيب‬ Magnificent ‫عظيم – فخم‬
Courts ‫قصور ملكية‬ Ruler ‫حاكم‬
Eventual life ‫حياة مليئة باالحداث‬ Most of all ‫اكثر من اى شىء‬

in + years - centuries Between …. And ……

1] in 1988 1- Between 1304 and 1369
2] in 2007 2- Between 1600 and 1650.
3] in the 15th centuries 3- I lived in Oman between 1976 and 1982.
4] in 1369
th
From …… to …….
5] in the 16 centuries 1- From 1942 to 1985.
6] in the middle of the (century) ‫ فى منتصف القرن‬2- I lived in Oman from 1976 to 1982.

At ….. of During (century) ‫اثناء‬

At the beginning of (century). 1- During the 19th century.
At the end of (century) 2- There were a lot of diseases during the
At the start of (century) 15th century.
At the beginning of the 16th century.
 Conjunctions
:‫روابط تدل علي التناقض‬

‫روابط تربط احداث متناقضه في المعني‬

‫ هذه الروابط بمعني بالرغم من وتاتي في بدايه الجمله او في وسط الجمله وياتي بعدهم جمله كامله‬-1
:)‫(فاعل وفعل‬
Although ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫فعل‬  ‫بالرغم من‬
though ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫فعل‬  ‫بالرغم من‬
 Although he is young, he is wise.
 I will buy this shirt though it is expensive.

‫ هذه الروابط بمعني بالرغم من وتاتي في بدايه الجمله او في وسط الجمله وياتي بعدهم اسم او‬-2
:ing ‫فعال مضاف اليه‬
(v) + ing ‫بالرغم من‬
In spite of \ despite
(n) ‫بالرغم من‬

Although I arrived early before the match, there wasn’t any seat for me to sit down. (Despite)
Despite my arriving early before the match, there wasn’t any seat for me to sit down.

:‫ هذه الروابط بمعني لكن وتاتي في في وسط الجمله فقط وياتي بعدهم جمله كامله‬-3
but
‫ فاعل‬+ ‫فعل‬ However, ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫فعل‬
He is rich, but (however) he is unhappy.
Rewrite:
He is poor but he is happy. (Although…)
……………………………………….. .
I like red. I don’t like my red car. (However)
……………………………………….. .
he won the match. He didn’t play well. (Although…)
……………………………………….. .
He is very tall. He can't play basketball. (but)
……………………………………….. .
Although he is rich, he is unhappy. (In spite of…)
……………………………………….. .
The hate fish. They eat it. (In spite of….)
……………………………………….. .
am Present cont. present simple will + inf.
is going to + inf. (arrangements) (time table) (quick decision)
are ‫ترتيبات‬ ‫جدول مواعيد‬ ‫قرار سريع‬
(intention) ‫نية‬

Rewrite:
1. They intend to study English tomorrow. (going)
………………………………………………….. .
2. He intends to fly to Rome next week. (are)
………………………………………………….. .
3. I have arranged to meet him tomorrow. (I am)
………………………………………………….. .
4. She wants to do the homework. (She is…)
………………………………………………….. .
5. I have the arrangements to travel to Aswan next week. (travelling)
………………………………………………….. .

Valley ‫وادى‬ Expanded ‫امتدت – توسعت‬

Enormous ‫ضخمة‬ Empire ‫امبراطورية‬
Covered ‫غطت مساحة‬ Advanced = developed ‫متقدمة‬
Areas of life ‫مجاالت الحياة‬ Tunnels ‫انفاق‬
Inca = king ‫حاكم‬ Runner ‫عدّاء‬
Communicate with ‫يتواصل مع‬ Stone temples ‫معابد حجرية‬
Maize ‫الذرة‬ Creative ‫مبدع‬
Record ‫يسجل‬ Tunics ‫سترة طويلة‬
Ornaments ‫زخارف – تحف‬ Unfortunately ‫لالسف‬
Society ‫المجتمع‬ Organized ‫منظم‬
Improve ‫يحسن‬ Crops ‫محاصيل‬
Crisis ‫ازمة‬ Gods ‫ألهة‬
Semi-divine ‫شبه مقدس‬ Ancient ‫قديم‬
Symbol ‫رمز‬ Researchers ‫باحثون‬
Manuscripts ‫مخطوطات‬ Hi-tech = technologically ‫ذو تقنية متقدمة‬
Bibliotheca = library ‫مكتبة‬ Circular = round ‫دائرى‬
Integrated ‫متكامل‬ Exhibitions areas ‫ساحات معارض‬
Planetarium ‫قبة سماوية‬ Conference Centre ‫قاعة مؤتمرات‬
Equipped with ‫مجهزة بـ‬ Encourage = promote ‫يشجع‬
Extremely valuable = ‫ال تقدر بثمن‬ The internet archive ‫ارشيف االنترنت‬
priceless
Access to ‫حرية وصول – استخدام‬ Sections ‫اقسام‬
Roots of knowledge ‫جذور المعرفة‬ Room = space ‫مساحة‬
The blind ‫االعمى – المكفوفين‬ Visually impaired ‫ضعاف البصر‬
Multimedia ‫االوساط المتعددة‬ Aspects of culture ‫جوانب الثقافة‬
Rare books ‫كتب نادرة‬ Postgraduate ‫طالب دراسات عليا‬
Permission ‫االذن‬
Situation meaning
Can I / Can we + ‫? مصدر الفعل‬ ‫هل يمكن أن ؟‬
May I + ‫?مصدر الفعل‬ ‫هل يمكن أن ؟‬
Could I / we + ‫?مصدر الفعل‬ ‫هل يمكن أن ؟‬
Is it Ok if I + ‫?مصدر الفعل‬ ‫هل تمانع ؟‬
Do you mind if I + ‫?مصدر الفعل‬ ‫هل تمانع ؟‬
Do you mind + v. + ing ? ‫هل تمانع ؟‬
‫الرد على االذن‬
Accepting ‫قبول‬ Refusing ‫رفض‬
Yes, of course. / sure Sorry, I can't.
Certainly. Here you are. ‫تفضل‬ Sorry, no.
All right. Go ahead ‫تفضل‬ Sorry, I don’t allow people to ....
No problem./ No, not at all I'm afraid you can't.
Why not? No, you can't
‫مالحظة‬
‫ ( عند القبول أو الموافقة على أسئلة مثل‬No, not at all ) ‫ الحظ استخدام‬-
- Would you mind …….. ?
- Do you mind …………..?
Ex:
- Would you mind if I took your mobile?
- No, not at all. ‫القبول‬
- Yes, I would. ‫الرفض‬
Allow to + inf.
Let + inf.
1- I am allowed to invite friends to my house. (My father….)
My father allows me to invite friends to my house.
2- I can invite friends to my house. (lets)
My father lets me invite my friends to my house.
Rewrite:
1- I'm not allowed to drive the car. (My father….)
 ……………………………………………………………………. .
2- I'm allowed to watch tv until midnight. (My mother…)
…………………………………………………………………… .
3- I'm allowed to watch tv until midnight. (lets)
…………………………………………………………………….. .
4- The teacher lets us leave early. (allows)
…………………………………………………………………….. .
5- The teacher les us leave early. (allowed) (We…)
………………………………………………………………. .
6- Our parents don’t let us paly football in the street. (We…)
………………………………………………………………. .
7- My brother allows me to use his car. (lets)
………………………………………………………………. .
8- My father lets me sleep outside home. (allowed)
………………………………………………………………. .
9- I am not allowed to eat in my bed room. (My parents….)
………………………………………………………………. .
As soon as
When Present
Will + inf. After simple
Before
S inf.
until

Gallery ‫صالة عرض فنى‬ Painting ‫لوحة‬

Landscape ‫مناظر طبيعية‬ Scenes ‫مشاهد‬
Everyday life ‫الحياة اليومية‬ Influence ‫تأثير‬
A matter of taste ‫مسألة ذوق‬ A school of printing ‫مدرسة فنية فى الرسم‬
Western artists ‫الفنانين الغربيين‬ Well-known – unknown ‫معروف – غير معروف‬
Series ‫سلسلة‬ Tiny – very big ‫ضئيل الحجم – كبير جدا‬
Foreground – background ‫مقدمة – خلفية‬ Light – heavy ‫مطر خفيف – مطر شديد‬
Medieval ‫العصور الوسطى‬ Light - dark ‫لون فاتح – لون غامق‬
Huge ‫ضخم‬ Residence ‫مقر اقامة‬
Duke ‫دوق‬ Marble ‫رخام‬
Balcony ‫شرفة‬ Status ‫تماثيل‬
On either side ‫على كال الجانبين‬ Restored ‫استعيدت‬
Skyscraper ‫ناطحة سحاب‬ Thick stone walls ‫حوائط حجرية سميكة‬
Masterpiece ‫تحفة‬ Metal ‫معدنى‬
Concrete ‫خرسانة‬ Metal roof ‫سقف معدنى‬
The late 20th century 02 ‫اوخر القرن الـ‬ Sail shaped ‫على شكل شراع‬
Fabric ‫قماش‬ Atrium )‫ردهة (مدخل رئيسى‬
 Fountain ‫نافورة‬ Pessimistic about ‫متشائم من‬
Bore with ‫زهقان من‬ Sorry for ‫اسف على‬
Terrified of ‫مرعوب من‬ Excited about ‫متحمس‬
Try on ‫يقيس – يجرب‬ Turn on ‫يفتح – يشغل‬
Take off ‫يخلع مالبسه‬ Turn off ‫يغلق‬
Give up ‫يقلع عن‬ Go through ‫يجتاز‬
Climb over ‫يتسلق‬ Go away ‫يسافر‬
Fall off ‫يسقط من اعلى‬ Write for ‫يكتب لـ‬
Ask for ‫يطلب‬ Write about ‫يكتب عن‬
Ask about ‫يسأل عن‬ Switch on ‫يفتح – يشغل‬
Listen to ‫يستمع الى‬ Switch off ‫يغلق‬
Revise for ‫يراجع من اجل‬ Switch over ‫يحول القناة‬
Knock down ‫يطرح ارضا‬ Walk across ‫يسير عبر‬

in + (‫)شهور – سنين – المواسم‬ on + )‫(االيام – التاريخ‬

7] in January ‫في شهر يناير‬ 1. on Saturday – on Sunday – on my
8] in February ‫في شهر فبراير‬ birthday – on a rainy day.
9] in 1980 – in 2009 2. on the table – on the bus – on the first
10] in summer ‫في فصل الصيف‬ floor – on the left – on the right.
11] in winter - autumn - ‫في فصل الشتاء‬ 3. on Friday morning
‫الخريف‬ 4. on the 1st of May
12] in the 19th century 11 ‫في القرن الـ‬ 5. on February the third
13] in the middle of …… 6. on mother-day -
7. on December 24th
14] in Orabi street

by + ‫وسائل المواصالت‬
15] in the box by car by plane
16] in the morning by bus by train
17] in the evening by taxi by boat
18] in the afternoon by bike by helicopter

At for + ‫فترة زمنية‬

At dawn – at that time for a day ‫لمدة يوم‬ for two days
At five o'clock for a week ‫لمدة أسبوع‬ for two weeks
At noon – at night ‫ فى الظهيرة‬for a month ‫لمدة شهر‬ for two months
At midday - midnight ‫ فى منتصف النهار‬for a year ‫لمدة سنة‬ for two years
At (the beginning – the end
– the start) of
‫وقت شروق الشمس‬
Other Prepositions
At sunset – at christmas ‫ وقت غروب الشمس‬Across the park ‫عبر الحديقة‬
At weekend ‫ نهاية االسبوع‬Along the highway - Behind ‫ – خلف‬under ‫تحت‬
 – over ‫ فوق‬-
At home – at the bank – at the seaside Into the building ‫داخل المبنى‬
At that time – at lunch time Between …. And – above ‫ – فوق‬below ‫ اسفل‬-
Relative Clauses

. ‫ تستخـدم لربـط الجمـل ببعضهـا وتحـل محـل اإلسـم أو الضمير المكـرر فى الجملـه الثانيـة‬
Who = that
. ‫ بدال منهـا‬that ‫ تحـل محـل فاعـل عاقـل وتوضـع بعـد الفاعـل الذى تصفـه ويمكن استخـدام‬
Ahmed is my friend. He won the prize. ( who )
Ahmed who ( that ) won the prize is my friend.
‫ـ‬: ‫ الحــظ‬
That is the man. He helped me
That is the man who ( that ) helped me.

which = that
. ‫ بدال منها‬that ‫ تحـل محـل الفاعـل أو المفعـول غير العاقـل وتوضـع قبل أو بعد االسم الذى تصفه ويمكن استخدام‬
The books are all mine. They are on the shelf.
The books which ( that ) are on the shelf are all mine.
I opened the window. It overlooks the garden. ( which )
I opened the window which ( that ) overlooks the garden.
The dog is mad. You killed it.
The dog which ( that ) you killed is mad.
The dog, you killed is mad.
. ‫ محـل المفعـول لذلـك يمكـن حذفـها‬which ‫ـ حلـت‬: ‫ الحــظ‬
He bought a new car. He made an accident with it.
He bought a new car which ( that ) he made an accident with.
He bought a new car with which he made an accident.
. that ‫ ) وليس‬which ( ‫ يبقـى حـرف الجـر كمـا هـو بعـد الفعـل أو يستخـدم قبـل‬
whose
.( my , his , her , its , your , ( ‫' ) أو صفـة الملكيـة‬s ( ‫ تستخـدم للملكيـة عاقـل وغيـر عاقـل وتحـل محـل‬
their , our
That's the man. His son succeeded. ( whose )
That's the man whose son succeeded.
My uncle travelled abroad. We live in his house. ( whose )
My uncle in whose house we live travelled abroad.
. ‫ بـدال منهـا‬that ‫ـ يمكـن إستخـدام حـرف الجـر قبلهـا وال تستخـدم‬: ‫ الحــظ‬
where
. ‫ تستخـدم مـع المكـان‬
This is the house. We live in it now. ( Where )
This is the house where we live.
Rewrite:
1. I shouted at a man but he didn't come back again. (who )
………………………………………………………. .
2. He saw the thieves. They robbed the bank. (who)
………………………………………………………. .
3. I'm writing a letter to my aunt. She lives in France. (who)
 ………………………………………………………. .
4. Badr goes to El Mostaabal School. He lives next to the White Mosque. (who)
………………………………………………………. .
5. Architects are the people. They design new buildings. (who)
………………………………………………………. .
6. I prefer the teacher. They don’t give us much homework. (who)
………………………………………………………. .
7. That is the shop. I bought my new CDs from. (which)
………………………………………………………. .
8. We saw the Opera. The opera was terribly boring. (which)
………………………………………………………. .
9. Reading is a hobby. I love this hobby. (which)
………………………………………………………. .
10. Here is the restaurant. I eat in it. (where)
………………………………………………………. .
11. I met Marina in Aswan. I was born there. (where)
………………………………………………………. .
12. I went to Yousra. Her house is very big. (whose)
………………………………………………………. .
13. Youssef is a boy. His sister is very clever. (whose)
………………………………………………………. .
Question Tag ‫الســؤال المذيـــل‬
‫مالحظــات عــامـة‬

‫ تعتبر جمل منفية وال بد‬never – rarely – hardly – seldom – nor – neither ‫ الجملـة التـي تحتـوي علـي‬
. ‫أن يكـون السـؤال المـذيل مثبـت‬
. ‫ في السـؤال المـذيل‬has ‫ وبعـدها تصـريف ثالث نستخـدم‬It’s ‫ إذا جـاءت‬
It’s gone bad, hasn’t it ?
. is ‫ وبعـدها أي جـزء من أجـزاء الكالم غيـر التصريف الثالث نستخـدم‬It’s ‫ إذا جـاءت‬
It’s fine today, isn’t it ?
. wouldn’t I ‫ وبعـدها مصـدر يكـون السـؤال المـذيل‬I’d ‫ إذا جـاءت‬
I’d go alone, wouldn’t I ?
. hadn’t ‫ وبعـدها تصـريف ثالث يكـون السـؤال المـذيل‬I’d ‫ إذا جـاءت‬
I’d sent the letter, hadn’t I ?
. aren’t I ‫ يكـون السـؤال المـذيـل‬I’m ‫ إذا جـاءت‬
I’m a teacher, aren’t I ?
. am I ‫ يكـون السـؤال‬I’m not ‫ إذا جـاءت‬
I’m not a doctor, am I ?
. ‫ ألنها تعبر عن إقتراح‬shall we - shan’t we ‫ يكـون السـؤال المـذيل‬Let’s ‫ إذا بـدأت الجملـة بـ‬
Let’s go swimming , shall we / shan’t we ?
. it ‫ يكـون الضميـر في السـؤال المـذيـل‬This or That ‫ إذا كـان الفاعـل‬
This is my car, isn’t it ?
. they ‫ يكـون الضميـر في السـؤال المذيـل‬These or Those ‫ إذا كـان الفاعـل‬
These are mine, aren’t they ?
. ‫ نضعهـا نفسهـا بـدالً من الضميـر في السـؤال المـذيـل‬There ‫ إذا كـان الفاعـل‬
There is a car over there, isn’t there ?
. ‫ في الماضي‬did ‫ في المضـارع و‬do or does ‫فعـالً أساسيا ً نستخـدم‬ v. to Have ‫ إذا جـاء‬
Everyone had a special uniform, didn’t they ?
. will you – won't you ‫ إذا كانـت الجملـة أمـريـة يكـون السـؤال المـذيل‬
Shut the door, will you / won't you ?

Choose the correct answer:

1- We haven’t seen that movie, ………………………………..?
( have we - haven’t we - don’t we - didn’t we )
2- He can’t remember her phone number, ……………………. he ?
( can’t - won’t - couldn’t – can )
3- The boy came late to class, ………………………. He ?
( wasn't - didn't - isn't - doesn't )
4- Let's go to the club, …………………………..?
( will we - shall we - can we - shan't we )
5- You don't like fish, ……………………………..?
( do you - don't you - did you - are you )
6- You've never tried growing fruit or vegetables, ……………….……?
( haven't you - do you - did you - have you )
7- We rarely visit Japan, ……………………………..?
( don't we - do we - didn't we - did we )
8- I'm very late for work , …………. ?
( aren't I – amn't I – don't I – am I )
9- Few people attended the conference , …….. ?
( did they – didn't they – hadn't they – wouldn't they )
10- He has a beautiful house , ……. ?
( hasn't he – has he – doesn't he – does he )

Hairstyle ‫تسريحة شعر‬ Taste ‫ذوق‬

Adventurous ‫مغامر‬ Feel like it ‫يشعر برغبة لذلك‬
Match ‫تتوافق مع‬ Dye ‫يصبغ‬
Shaved head ‫رأس حليق‬ Wavy hair ‫شعر مموج‬
Curly hair ‫شعر مجعد‬ Straight hair ‫شعر ناعم‬
Leather jacket ‫جاكت جلد‬ Tie ‫رابطة عنق‬
Tee shirt = t-shirt ‫قميص‬ Shirt ‫قميص بأزرار‬
Skirt ‫جيبة‬ Blouse ‫بلوزة‬
Bathroom= washroom ‫غرفة استحمام‬ Sitting room ‫صالة‬
Pay rent ‫يدفع ايجار‬ Attic = swimming pool ‫حمام سباحة‬
Ceiling ‫سقف‬ Carpet ‫ارضية‬
Detached house ‫منزل منفصل‬ Cottage ‫كوخ‬
Flat = apartment ‫شقة‬ Mansion ‫قصر‬
Wood cabin ‫كابينة خشبية‬ Cellar = basement ‫البدروم‬
Fireplace ‫مدفأة‬ Sofa ‫كنبة‬
American British
Closet ‫دوالب مالبس‬ Wardrobe
Garbage ‫قمامة‬ Rubbish
Elevator ‫مصعد‬ Lift
First floor ‫الدور االرضى‬ Ground floor
Apartment ‫شقة‬ Flat
Subway ‫مترو‬ Underground
Downtown ‫وسط البلد‬ City Centre
Truck ‫سيارة نقل‬ Lorry
Vacation ‫اجازة‬ holiday

Relative Clauses

. ‫ تستخـدم لربـط الجمـل ببعضهـا وتحـل محـل اإلسـم أو الضمير المكـرر فى الجملـه الثانيـة‬
Who = that
. ‫ بدال منهـا‬that ‫ تحـل محـل فاعـل عاقـل وتوضـع بعـد الفاعـل الذى تصفـه ويمكن استخـدام‬
Ahmed is my friend. He won the prize. ( who )
Ahmed who ( that ) won the prize is my friend.
‫ـ‬: ‫ الحــظ‬
That is the man. He helped me
That is the man who ( that ) helped me.

which = that
. ‫ بدال منها‬that ‫ تحـل محـل الفاعـل أو المفعـول غير العاقـل وتوضـع قبل أو بعد االسم الذى تصفه ويمكن استخدام‬
The books are all mine. They are on the shelf.
The books which ( that ) are on the shelf are all mine.
I opened the window. It overlooks the garden. ( which )
I opened the window which ( that ) overlooks the garden.
The dog is mad. You killed it.
The dog which ( that ) you killed is mad.
The dog, you killed is mad.
. ‫ محـل المفعـول لذلـك يمكـن حذفـها‬which ‫ـ حلـت‬: ‫ الحــظ‬
He bought a new car. He made an accident with it.
He bought a new car which ( that ) he made an accident with.
He bought a new car with which he made an accident.
. that ‫ ) وليس‬which ( ‫ يبقـى حـرف الجـر كمـا هـو بعـد الفعـل أو يستخـدم قبـل‬
whose
.( my , his , her , its , your , ( ‫' ) أو صفـة الملكيـة‬s ( ‫ تستخـدم للملكيـة عاقـل وغيـر عاقـل وتحـل محـل‬
their , our
That's the man. His son succeeded. ( whose )
 That's the man whose son succeeded.
My uncle travelled abroad. We live in his house. ( whose )
My uncle in whose house we live travelled abroad.
. ‫ بـدال منهـا‬that ‫ـ يمكـن إستخـدام حـرف الجـر قبلهـا وال تستخـدم‬: ‫ الحــظ‬
where
. ‫ تستخـدم مـع المكـان‬
This is the house. We live in it now. ( Where )
This is the house where we live.
Rewrite:
1. I shouted at a man but he didn't come back again. (who )
………………………………………………………. .
2. He saw the thieves. They robbed the bank. (who)
………………………………………………………. .
3. I'm writing a letter to my aunt. She lives in France. (who)
………………………………………………………. .
4. Badr goes to El Mostaabal School. He lives next to the White Mosque. (who)
………………………………………………………. .
5. Architects are the people. They design new buildings. (who)
………………………………………………………. .
6. I prefer the teacher. They don’t give us mmuch homework. (who)
………………………………………………………. .
7. That is the shop. I bought my new CDs from. (which)
………………………………………………………. .
8. We saw the Opera. The opera was terribly boring. (which)
………………………………………………………. .
9. Reading is a hobby. I love this hobby. (which)
………………………………………………………. .
10. Here is the restaurant. I eat in it. (where)
………………………………………………………. .
11. I met Marina in Aswan. I was born there. (where)
………………………………………………………. .
12. I went to Yousra. Her house is very big. (whose)
………………………………………………………. .
13. Youssef is a boy. His sister is very clever. (whose)
Question Tag ‫الســؤال المذيـــل‬

‫ يتكـون السـؤال المذيــل مــن الفعـل المسـاعــد أو الناقـص وضميـر الفاعــل‬

‫جمـلة مثبتة‬ + ‫ فعـل مساعـد أو ناقـص منفى‬+ ‫ضميـر الفاعـل‬

‫ جمـلة منفية‬+ ‫فعـل مساعـد أو ناقـص مثبت‬+ ‫ضميـر الفاعـل‬

. ‫السـؤال المـذيـل يضـاف لنهـايـة الجملـة بهـدف التـأكيـد علـي الكـالم السابـق‬ 
yes ‫الجملـة المثبتـة يضـاف لهـا سـؤال مـذيـل منفـي واإلجابـة المتوقعـة هـى‬ 
No ‫الجملـة المنفيـة يضـاف لهـا سـؤال مـذيـل مثبـت واإلجابـة المتوقعـة هـى‬ 
. ‫األفعـال المنفيـة فـي السـؤال المـذيل ال بـد أن تكـون دائمـا ً مختصـرة‬ 
 . ‫ الفـاعـل فـي السـؤال المـذيل ال بـد أن يكـون ضميـر‬
It’s hot today, isn't it ? Yes, it is.
The manager arrived late, didn’t he ? Yes, he did.
Ahmed won’t come to the party, will he ? No, he won’t.
Salah hasn’t bought a car, has he ? No, he hasn't.
‫مالحظــات عــامـة‬

‫ تعتبر جمل منفية وال بد‬never – rarely – hardly – seldom – nor – neither ‫ الجملـة التـي تحتـوي علـي‬
. ‫أن يكـون السـؤال المـذيل مثبـت‬
He never smokes, does he ?
. ‫ في السـؤال المـذيل‬has ‫ وبعـدها تصـريف ثالث نستخـدم‬It’s ‫ إذا جـاءت‬
It’s gone bad, hasn’t it ?
. is ‫ وبعـدها أي جـزء من أجـزاء الكالم غيـر التصريف الثالث نستخـدم‬It’s ‫ إذا جـاءت‬
It’s fine today, isn’t it ?
. wouldn’t I ‫ وبعـدها مصـدر يكـون السـؤال المـذيل‬I’d ‫ إذا جـاءت‬
I’d go alone, wouldn’t I ?
. hadn’t ‫ وبعـدها تصـريف ثالث يكـون السـؤال المـذيل‬I’d ‫ إذا جـاءت‬
I’d sent the letter, hadn’t I ?
. aren’t I ‫ يكـون السـؤال المـذيـل‬I’m ‫ إذا جـاءت‬
I’m a teacher, aren’t I ?
. am I ‫ يكـون السـؤال‬I’m not ‫ إذا جـاءت‬
I’m not a doctor, am I ?
. ‫ ألنها تعبر عن إقتراح‬shall we - shan’t we ‫ يكـون السـؤال المـذيل‬Let’s ‫ إذا بـدأت الجملـة بـ‬
Let’s go swimming , shall we / shan’t we ?
. it ‫ يكـون الضميـر في السـؤال المـذيـل‬This or That ‫ إذا كـان الفاعـل‬
This is my car, isn’t it ?
. they ‫ يكـون الضميـر في السـؤال المذيـل‬These or Those ‫ إذا كـان الفاعـل‬
These are mine, aren’t they ?
. ‫ نضعهـا نفسهـا بـدالً من الضميـر في السـؤال المـذيـل‬There ‫ إذا كـان الفاعـل‬
There is a car over there, isn’t there ?
. ‫ في الماضي‬did ‫ في المضـارع و‬do or does ‫فعـالً أساسيا ً نستخـدم‬ v. to Have ‫ إذا جـاء‬
Everyone had a special uniform, didn’t they ?
. will you – won't you ‫ إذا كانـت الجملـة أمـريـة يكـون السـؤال المـذيل‬
Shut the door, will you / won't you ?
. ‫ فـي السـؤال المذيـل‬didn’t ‫بمعنـى اعتـاد أن نستخـدم‬ used to ‫ إذا جـاءت‬
I used to play football, didn’t I ?
Choose the correct answer:
11- We haven’t seen that movie, ………………………………..?
( have we - haven’t we - don’t we - didn’t we )
12- He can’t remember her phone number, ……………………. he ?
( can’t - won’t - couldn’t – can )
13- The boy came late to class, ………………………. He ?
( wasn't - didn't - isn't - doesn't )
14- Let's go to the club, …………………………..?
 ( will we - shall we - can we - shan't we )
15- You don't like fish, ……………………………..?
( do you - don't you - did you - are you )
16- You've never tried growing fruit or vegetables, ……………….……?
( haven't you - do you - did you - have you )
17- We rarely visit Japan, ……………………………..?
( don't we - do we - didn't we - did we )
18- I'm very late for work , …………. ?
( aren't I – amn't I – don't I – am I )
19- Few people attended the conference , …….. ?
( did they – didn't they – hadn't they – wouldn't they )
20- He has a beautiful house , ……. ?
( hasn't he – has he – doesn't he – does he )