LESSON 1: The Meaning of Learning - learners construct their own meanings from

their experiences rather than being passive

Learning can be meant as:
receivers of information
- Learning is an active process
- Learning builds on previous knowledge
- Learning occurs in a complex social - As children interact with objects, events, and
environment people in their world, they need to make
- Learning is situated in an authentic context sense of new experiences in relation to old
- Learning requires learners’ motivation and ideas and experiences
cognitive engagement 5. Behaviorism
- focuses on observable behaviors and on
Perspectives in Learning ways to increase behaviors deemed positive
Reasons why teachers consider learning theories in and decrease behaviors deemed undesirable
designing their instruction - Behaviorism asserts that behavior is shaped
primarily by environmental stimuli rather
- aids teachers to become more informed, than genetic or internal factors. It
guides in creation of designs, and how to emphasizes the role of the environment in
develop and deliver learning shaping and modifying behavior
- enable teachers to think critically about 6. Connectivism
learning - explains how internet technologies have
- provides frameworks on how learning takes created new opportunities for people to
place acquire learning and share information in
Approaches in Learning any part of the world
- Learning can occur online. Knowledge is
1. Cognitivism created beyond level of individual human
- Cognitive theories share a common belief participants, and constantly shifting and
that mental processes occur between the changing
stimulus and response. These mental -
processes, though not directly observable,
result in highly individualized responses, or LESSON 2: INSTRUCTIONAL
learning. TECHNOLOGY IN MEDIA
- Cognitive theories also agree that human Instructional Technology
being learn by creating meaning from their
experiences. 1. Instructional technology is designing a
2. BROWNELL'S MEANING THEORY process which brings out and assesses
- children must understand what they are teaching and learning in a systematic way,
earning if learning is to be permanent employing a combination of human and
- teachers must do "only what makes sense" nonhuman resources to carry a more elective
so that students also focus on meaning. instructions. (Momurin 1970).
3. PIAGET’S COGNITIVE THEORY 2. Instructional technology is a network of
- People mentally process the information technology and devices employed to
accomplish certain learning objectives
rather than simply reacting to particular
(Sharma 1989).
stimuli from their environment
3. Instructional technology applies the
- Knowledge is something that is actively
principles and theories of psychological
constructed by learners based on their
learning to get deep insight into the content,
cognitive structure
structure, and sequence of instruction to
4. Constructivism
 develop instructional resources in order to Why use of media enhances the teaching and
attain the desired learning objectives. learning process?
Difference between instructional technology 1. Foster active learning process like group
and educational technology discussion may use media as a component.
2. Sustain the interest of learners during
Educational Technology – focuses on the
discussion or during the development of the
learner knowledge on how to apply web-based
concept.
learning or mobile technology to create an
3. Complements the ability of the instructor to
exciting platform for the delivery of the
lead learning.
education.
Instructional Technology – involves the
LESSON 3: PHASES OF LEARNING
process of performing the instruction to develop
in-depth realization of teaching and learning 1. Preparation Phase
process for both technology.
Preparation is also defined as planning. At this
stage, the teacher plans and prepares all the
necessary activities which may help to arouse
and sustain the interest of the learners
throughout the learning process. Also, at, this
initial stage, the teacher must anticipate the
possible barriers and difficulties that may be
encountered in the teaching and learning
process. The teacher must also foresee how to
attain the expected outcomes through
preparations of instructional materials,
Importance of Instructional Technology to provoking questions, and the evaluation tool to
Education in Modern World evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching
strategies.
1. It makes the instructions more appealing to
learners. 2. Presentation Phase
2. It has more standardize instruction delivery.
3. Through applying accepted learning This stage encompasses the encounter of the
strategies, learning becomes more learners with the new materials in ways they
interactive find them interesting, enjoyable, relevant,
4. It can improve quality learning multisensory, and appealing to all: learners
5. Instruction can be provided as when needed regardless of their differences. At this stage,
6. Foster positive attitude of learners towards learners are giving opportunities to get
learning and to the process of learning itself involved in establishing and adapting their
7. The change of instructional direction can be own learning content. Hence, the learners
changed as unexpected circumstances arise. are initially acquainted with the new
knowledge and skills in ways that these
What is Instructional Media? interactive presentations enable them to
Materials and all physical means that might be incorporate their own learning styles
utilized in the implementation od instruction and whether they are visual, auditory,
facilitate the achievement of learners toward the intellectual, or kinesthetic. Developing
attainment of learning objectives are called presentation skills is necessary to improve
instructional media. communication and create a positive
learning environment and experiences
 among learners. Good presentation skills processes. It helps in the formulation of
enable the teacher to present complex judgements, educational status, and even the
information to a simplified and interesting achievements of the learners.
way to keep the learners engaged, help them
LESSON 4: THE ROLES OF TECHNOLOGY
develop self-confidence, and encourage
IN LEARNING
them to communicate their thoughts and
feelings effectively. Through technology, education is becoming more
flexible and accessible. Teachers must provide a
3. Practice Phase: Integrating the New wide range of tools to enhance classroom
Knowledge or Skills experience and motivate the engagement of learners
in learning.
A learner does not absorb knowledge. It is
something that a learner creates which Here are some ways that technology could improve
requires time for integration. The objective learning:
of the practice phase is to assist learners in 1. Teachers can make follow-up activities
integrating and incorporating the newly when they employ technology-based
acquired knowledge and skills into an action instruction in evaluating learners' learning
learning exercise. Researchers uncovered and the role of technology is vital in that
that repeating a task would not improve process.
performance. Deliberate practice involves 2. Teachers are encouraged to determine
attention, rehearsal, and repetition which learning objectives and create differentiated
might lead in the development of instructions to cater the different needs of
a more complex knowledge and skills. their learners. With the extensive availability
Though intelligence and motivation affect of the databases, it is easier to keep trạck
performance, practice is necessary if not with every learner's progress.
sufficient for acquiring expertise (Campitelli 3. Teachers should use links that are relevant to
and Gobet 2011). the objectives, learning style of learners,
mode and the technology they have chosen
4. Performance Phase: Applying the New whenever the teachers attempt to present
Knowledge and Skills instruction using technology.

Learners must be given a chance to From the learners' perspective, there are many
immediately apply what they have learned to benefits in using technology in education.
the real world, otherwise only 5% of Some of which are the following:
learning will retain. An immediate
application of what has been learned and 1. Learners become active and learning
with proper coaching and support, learning through technology becomes part of their
retains 90% to the learners. The objective lifestyle.
performance phase is to assist learners apply 2. Through technology, learning becomes
and extend their new knowledge or skills in easier. Engaging with technology does not
the real world. In addition, evaluation plays only help learners to learn but they also
a vital role in the learning process. It is learn the skills of engaging in multitasking
important to evaluate the performance of the activities.
learner as to evaluate the teacher's 3. Integration of technology enables the
performance as well. Evaluating is a way of learners to learn at their own pace. Learners
assessing the learners if they have grasped learn the ability to slow down and go back to
the concepts. Evaluation helps teachers and the lessons, while advanced learners can go
learners to improve teaching and learning
 ahead and have no need to wait for others to - Create and revise school materials to
catch up with the lessons. improve learning based on the evaluation.
4. Technology provides many different means 2. School Administrators
of learning the concepts and helps them to - Perform administrative duties
become more hands-on in performing their - Formulate strategic and long -term plans for
academic tasks. the school development program
HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILSS - Support and evaluate learners academic
(BLOOMS TAXONOMY) performance
3. Teachers
1. REMEBERING – is the ability to - Create learning activities which will
remember or recall previous learning, facts, motivates learners to engage in learning
and basic answers. - Prepare learning materials suited to the
2. UNDERSTANDING – deals with the abilities and qualities of the learners.
understanding of facts or ideas in the form - Assess learners to measure their learning
of comparing, organizing and interpreting achievements
information that people learned. 4. Learners
3. APPLYING – is away where learners apply - Display academic integrity and honesty
their knowledge strategies and techniques
- Attend classes
4. ANALYZING – is the level where the
- Accomplished the task assigned to the
learner break information into bits and
learners
pieces by determining the cause or effect of
- Show respect to diverse ideas and opinions.
a particular variable and finding pieces or
evidence to justify their claims.
5. EVALUATING -is a phase where learners
make judgment on information and seek
validation of the data.
6. CREATING – where learner combine
information that they have in order to crate
new pattern or new solution.
TECHNOLOGY AND HOTS
1. Reflection and discussion prompts
encourage learners to consider multiple
viewpoints.
2. Develop your own podcast
3. Help them organize their thoughts in mind
map
4. Peer review activities
5. Discussion forum
6. Small group activities
7. Digital story telling activities
LESSON 5: KEY PLAYERS AND THEIR
ROLE IN LEARNING PROCESS.
1. Curriculum and Instruction Specialist
- Design and implement curriculum aim to
meet learning objectives for the students.