SEMISTER-IV
Operating System:
1.Introduction
Basic OS functions, resource abstraction, types of operating systems–multiprogramming systems, batch systems , time
sharing systems; operating systems for personal computers & workstations, process control & real time systems.
2.Operating System Organization
Processor and user modes, kernels, system calls and system programs.
3. Process Management
Processes
Concept of processes; Process states; PCB; process scheduling; operations on processes; cooperating processes;interprocess
communication.
Threads
Overview, benefits of threads, user and kernel threads.
CPU scheduling
scheduling criteria, preemptive & non-preemptive scheduling, scheduling algorithms (FCFS, SJF,RR, priority), algorithm
evaluation, multi-processor scheduling.
Process Synchronization
Background, critical section problem, critical region, synchronization hardware, classical problems of synchronization,
semaphores; monitor.
Deadlocks
system model, deadlock characterization, methods for handling deadlocks, deadlock prevention, deadlock avoidance,
deadlock detection, recovery from deadlock.
4. Memory Management
Physical and virtual address space; swapping; memory allocation strategies - fixed and variable partitions; paging;
segmentation; segmentation with paging; virtual memory; demand paging; page replacement algorithms and their relative
advantages and disadvantages; thrashing
5. File and I/O Management
File concept, access methods, directory structure, file system structure, allocation methods(contiguous, linked, indexed),
free-space management (bit vector, linked list, grouping), directory implementation (linear list, hash table), efficiency &
performance.
I/O hardware, polling, interrupts, DMA, application I/O interface (block and character devices,network devices, clocks and
timers, blocking and nonblocking I/O), kernel I/O subsystem(Scheduling, buffering, caching, spooling and device
reservation, error handling), performance.
Disk management:
Disk structure, disk scheduling (FCFS, SSTF, SCAN,C-SCAN) , disk reliability, disk formatting,boot block, bad blocks.
6. Protection and Security
Goals of protection, domain of protection, security problem, authentication, one time password,program threats, system
threats, threat monitoring, encryption.
Computer Networks:
1. Introduction to Computer Networks
Introduction; Data communications: components, data representation (ASCII,ISO etc.),direction of data flow(simplex, half
duplex, full duplex); Networks: distributed processing, network criteria,physical structure (type of connection, topology),
categories of network (LAN,MAN,WAN);Internet: brief history, internet today; Protocols and standards; Reference models:
OSI reference model, TCP/IP reference model, their comparative study.
2. Data Communication Fundamentals and Techniques
Analog and digital signal; data-rate limits; digital to digital line encoding schemes; pulse code modulation; parallel and serial
transmission; digital to analog modulation; multiplexing techniquesFDM, TDM; transmission media.
3. Networks Switching Techniques and Access mechanisms
Message switching; Circuit switching; Packet switching- connectionless datagram switching,connection-oriented virtual
circuit switching; dial-up modems; digital subscriber line; cable TV for data transfer.
4. Data Link Layer Functions and Protocol
Error detection and error correction techniques; data-link control- framing and flow control; error recovery protocols- stop
and wait ARQ, go-back-n ARQ; Point to Point Protocol on Internet;HDLC
5. Multiple Access Protocol and Networks
CSMA/CD protocols; Ethernet LANS; connecting LAN and back-bone networks- repeaters, hubs,switches, bridges, router and
gateways ,FDDI, token bus, token ring; Reservation, polling, concentration; Multiple access protocols: Pure ALOHA, Slotted
ALOHA
6. Networks Layer Functions and Protocols
Internetworking & devices: Repeaters, Hubs, Bridges, Switches, Router, Gateway; Addressing : Internet address, classful
address, subnetting; Routing : techniques, static vs. dynamic routing ,routing table for classful address; Routing algorithms:
shortest path algorithm, flooding, distance vector routing, link state routing; Protocols: ARP, RARP, IP, ICMP, IPV6; Unicast
and multicast routing protocols.
7. Transport Layer Functions and Protocols
Process to process delivery; UDP; TCP; Congestion control algorithm: Leaky bucket algorithm,Token bucket algorithm, choke
packets; Quality of service: techniques to improve QoS.
8. Overview of Application layer protocol
Overview of DNS; SMTP, SNMP, FTP, HTTP & WWW
Database Management Systems:
1.Introduction
Concept & Overview of DBMS, Data Models, Database Languages, Database Administrator,Database Users, Three Schema
architecture of DBMS.Characteristics of database approach, data models, database system architectureand data
independence.
2.Entity Relationship(ER) Modeling
Basic concepts, Design Issues, Mapping Constraints, Keys, Entity-Relationship Diagram, Weak Entity Sets, Extended E-R
features.
3.Relation data model
Structure of relational Databases, Relational Algebra, Relational Calculus, Extended Relational Algebra Operations, Views,
Modifications Of the Database.
4. SQL and Integrity Constraints
Concept of DDL, DML, DCL. Basic Structure, Set operations, Aggregate Functions, Null Values,Domain Constraints, Referential
Integrity Constraints, assertions, views, Nested Subqueries,Database security application development using SQL, Stored
procedures and triggers.
5. Relational Database Design
Functional Dependency, Different anomalies in designing a Database., Normalization usingfunctional dependencies,
Decomposition, Boyce-Codd Normal Form, 3NF, Nomalization usingmulti-valued dependencies, 4NF, 5NF
6. Internals of RDBMS:
Physical data structures, Query optimization: join algorithm, statistics and cost bas optimization.Transaction processing
7.Transaction Processing
ACID properties, Concurrency control and Recovery Management : transaction model properties,state serializability, lock
base protocols, two phase locking.
8.File Structure and Indexing
Operations on files, File of Unordered and ordered records, overview of File organizations,Indexing structures for files
(Primary index, secondary index, clustering index), Multilevel indexingusing B and B+ trees.
