Networking Basics for Telecom Order Management
Introduction to Networking
Networking is the practice of connecting computers and devices to share data and resources. It is essential in
telecommunications, as it enables voice, video, and data communications between users worldwide.
- Network Components: Routers, switches, firewalls, modems, servers, etc.
- Key Concepts: IP addressing, MAC addresses, protocols (e.g., TCP/IP), and data packets.
Types of Networks
- LAN (Local Area Network): A network that covers a small area, such as a building or a campus.
- WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers large geographic areas and connects multiple LANs.
- MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Larger than LAN but smaller than WAN, used within a city.
- PAN (Personal Area Network): Covers a small area, such as a single room, typically with personal devices.
Illustrations: Diagrams showing LAN, WAN, MAN, and PAN connections with routers, servers, and client
devices in various settings.
Network Topologies
- Star Topology: All nodes connect to a central hub.
- Ring Topology: Each device connects to two others, forming a circular path.
- Mesh Topology: Each node is connected to every other node, providing high redundancy.
- Bus Topology: All nodes connect to a single central cable.
Illustrations: Diagrams of each topology to help visualize the layout.
Types of Network Services in Telecom
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Networking Basics for Telecom Order Management
- Voice Services: Including VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol), enables calls over IP networks instead of
traditional PSTN.
- Data Services: Involves providing internet and data transfer services, essential for telecom services.
- SMS/Messaging Services: Short Message Service that allows text communication.
- Internet Services: Broadband and fiber-optic connections for high-speed data access.
- VPN (Virtual Private Network): Provides secure access to a network over the internet, essential for remote
access.
- MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching): A routing technique that speeds up traffic flow.
- DNS (Domain Name System): Translates domain names into IP addresses, making web browsing easier.
- Firewall Services: Security services that monitor and control network traffic.
Illustrations: Icons or diagrams of routers, firewalls, and servers depicting each service flow.
Protocols and Standards in Telecom Networking
- TCP/IP: Core protocol suite for internet and local networks.
- VoIP Protocols: SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) and RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol) for voice and
video.
- HTTP/HTTPS: Protocols for web communication.
- SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol): For network management and monitoring.
- BGP (Border Gateway Protocol): Manages paths across different networks.
- DNS Protocol: Manages translation of domain names to IP addresses.
Illustrations: Basic visuals showing data flow or network architecture with labeled protocols (e.g.,
HTTP/HTTPS in a web browser context).
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Networking Basics for Telecom Order Management
Security in Networking
- Firewalls: Blocks unauthorized access while allowing outward communication.
- Encryption: Scrambles data for secure transmission, particularly important for VPNs and secure data
services.
- Authentication & Authorization: Controls who can access the network and what they can access.
Illustrations: Visuals showing encrypted connections, firewalls, and access control models.
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