Lesson The Particle Nature of Matter

Quarter : Third Quarter

Content Standard : The learners demonstrate an understanding of the particle
nature of matter as a basis for explaining properties, physical
changes, and structure of substances and mixtures.
Performance Standard : The learners should be able to explain matter based on the
arrangement and movement of particles.
Competency : The learners should be able to explain physical changes in
terms of the arrangement and motion of atoms and molecules.
(S8MT-IIIcd-9)
Duration : Week 2
Topic : Matter and Its properties

What I Need to Know

This module is made for you to learn more about the physical states of matter and its
properties. This will lead you to explain the properties of solids, liquids, and gases based on
the particle nature of matter.
This module is based on the DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competency in Grade
8, Quarter 3 for Week 2. You can explain the properties of solids, liquids, and gases based
on the particle nature of matter.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. Describe the three states of matter based on the arrangement and movement of
particles.
2. Infer from observations that particles of matter move and have space in between.
3. Draw the particles of matter.

What I Know
Mind Check!
It is important to know how familiar you are with the concepts in this topic. Let us check
how far you know. Answer the pre-test.

PRE-ASSESSMENT
Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What states of matter are highly compressible?
A. gas B. liquid C. plasma D. solid
2. Which of the following states of matter can flow and can be poured into another container
while maintaining its volume?
A. gas B. liquid C. plasma D. solid
3. What states of matter have the greatest force of attraction?
A. gas B. liquid C. plasma D. solid

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 What’s In
In module 1, you have learned what is matter made of. To recall, let us play a
guessing game. I am confident that you can do this review task without any problem.
Directions: Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
I am a nine-letter word that would connect all materials on Earth.
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

My 1234 is a portion or division of a whole that is separate or distinct.

My 456 is a tap or beat, like that of a clock.
My 56 is an initial for a hospital unit staffed and equipped to provide care seriously ill
patients.
My 89 is a suffix.
What am I? ____________________

What’s New
Activity 1
Are the particles of matter moving?
Objectives:
1. Infer from observation that particles of matter move.
2. Illustrate the particle models of the three states of matter.
Materials:
2 cups tap water
2-3 pieces of stones (medium size)
1 piece, wide-mouthed transparent bottle/glass (200 or 250mL capacity)
Activity A. Gas Particle
Procedure: Do the tasks as directed. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper
1. Study the illustration in figure 1.

A.

B.

Figure 1. Particle model of gas in a syringe.

Questions:
1. How do you describe the particles of gas inside the syringe A and B?
A. _____________________________________________
B. _____________________________________________
2. Do you think there are spaces between particles of gas inside the syringe? Why?
________________________________________________________________

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Activity B. Liquid Particle
Procedure:
Activity B 1.
1. Study the illustration of figure 2.

Figure 2. Particle model of water in a syringe.

Questions:
1. How do you describe the particles of liquid inside the syringe A and B?
A. _____________________________________________
B. _____________________________________________
2. Do you think there are spaces between particles of liquid inside the syringe? Why?
___________________________________________________________________

Activity B 2.
1. Pour ½ cup of water into a transparent glass. Carefully observe the flow of the water.
1. Did water take the shape of the glass? Explain your observation.
____________________________________________________________
2. Compare the space between the particles of gas and liquid through illustration.
____________________________________________________________

Activity C. Solid Particle

Procedure:
1. Drop a stone (3pieces in a medium size) in a glass with water. Observe.
2. Transfer the stones to another container.

Questions:
1. Did the stone take the shape of the drinking glass? ________________________
2. As you transfer the stone to another container. Did the shape and size of the stone
change? ________________________
3. Draw an illustration of your observation. ________________________

What Is It

The three main states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. But over time and due to our
more informed knowledge and understanding of the world, we come to realize that there are
other state of matter. One of them is plasma which is considered the fourth state and the Bose-
Einstein condensate as the fifth. Each of these states is also known as phase. It is the behavior
and interactions of atoms and molecules within a substance that determine their state.

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 Using the macroscopic and microscopic attributes or qualities of substance, one can
distinguish among solids, liquids, and gases. Properties that can be observed by the five
human senses, aided or unaided, are said to be macroscopic while those that are too small
to be seen even with the aid of the very best of microscopes are said to microscopic.
From the idea that matter is made up of particles and the situations that you observed,
your drawings show how you “see” matter beyond what you can observe with your unaided
eyes. You were creating your own mental picture and constructing models, which are
drawings or diagrams that are representations of what is happening at a level beyond what
your eyes can see. They are representations of reality.
The particle model of matter shows that in gases, the
particles move at random directions very quickly and travel in
straight-line paths. In the process, they collide with one another and
with the walls of the container. They change direction only when they
rebound form collisions. The distance between particles is large
compared to the size of the particles. The attraction between particles
is negligible because of the distance between them. This explains
why gas spreads. Its particles fill all the available space in the
container.
Gases take the shape of the container because the particles
are able to move freely to all parts of the container. They move freely
because they are far apart and there is negligible attraction between
them. In our activity, it shows the compressibility of gases. The
distances between particles are large and so there is a room for the
particles to move closer to each other.
Figure 3. Particle view of gas.

In liquids, the particles are closer to one another, nudging one

another as they move. Since the particles are closer to one
another, the attraction is stronger than those in gases. The
particles move and change positions but not freely as those in a
gas.
As you observed in the activity, liquids can flow out of a
container and can be poured into another while maintaining their
volume. This happens because there are attractions among the
particles of liquid which hold them together although not in fixed
positions. These attractions also make it possible for liquids to have
Figure 4. Particle view of liquid. a definite volume. This is one major difference between liquids and
gases, the particles are attracted to one another more strongly that the particles of gases are.
Solids have definite shapes and volume because the particles
are packed closely together in fixed positions. They vibrate a little
but in fixed positions. The particles cannot move around. The
particles of solids are held together by strong forces. One
common characteristic of both solids and liquids is that the
particles are in contact with their neighbors, that is, with other
particles. Thus, they are incompressible and this commonality
between solids and liquids distinguishes them from gases.
Figure 5. Particle view of solid.

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 Matter regardless of its state, is always in constant random motion and hence,
possesses energy of motion known as kinetic energy that is dependent on the temperature.
This means that as you increase the temperature, the atoms and molecules will gain more
energy; as a result, they will move even faster.
The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter (KMT) also known as the Particulate Nature of
Matter states the following key points:
● All matter be it in solid, liquid, gas state, are made of tiny particles known as atoms.
● Particles are in constant, random motion. These particles have spaces between
them.
● Particles in motion have kinetic energy, and their energy, and their motion
increases as they gain energy.
● There is a transfer of energy between particles (atoms and molecules) as these
particles collide each other.
● Collisions between these particles are perfectly elastic.
● Molecular motion is greatest in gases, less in liquids, and least in solids.

The kinetic molecular theory is very useful in

explaining why the states of matter differ in movement
and arrangements. Also, it describes the forces
between molecules and the energy that they possess,
as well as the effects of temperature and pressure on
matter that further discussed on the next module.

What’s More
Activity 2
Let’s Compare!
Objective:
Compare the basic properties of solid, liquid, and gas based on the particle of nature.
Material:
table for comparison
Procedure:
1. Complete the table below which gives the comparison of solid, liquid, and gas based
on its common properties. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Properties Gas Liquid Solid

Particle Model of Matter

(illustration)
Arrangement of Particle
(description) Packed close together
No definite shape;
Shape takes the shape of its
container

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 Properties Gas Liquid Solid
Volume Has a definite volume
Movement of Particle Move freely
Compressibility Extremely difficult
Attraction Stronger than those
in gases
Table 1. Differences on the basic properties of solid, liquid, and gas based on the particle of nature.

What I Have Learned

Let’s check what you have learned from the module by doing this activity.
Directions: Look around you. There are so many things you can see. Can you identify
which are solids, liquids, and gases? Explain why they belong to this group based on the
particle nature of matter. List five (5) things under the appropriate column in the given table.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

States of Matter Examples Explanation

* attraction between particles is
Gases Air negligible

Liquids

Solids

What I Can Do
Particle Models of the Three States of Matter
Directions: Cut out and paste small circular shapes using colored paper or used magazine
to illustrate the particle model of solid, liquid and gas on a short bond paper.

Criteria Points
The arrangement of particles in each state of matter is 5 points
properly illustrated
There are correct spaces between the particles of matter 5 points
Creativity 5 points
Neatness 5 points
Total 20 points