1(A).
Disaster Management Cycle:
Mi ga on: Prevent disasters.
Preparedness: Get ready.
Response: Act during a disaster.
Recovery: Rebuild a er a disaster.
1(B).
Characteris cs of Successful Local Recovery Plans
Successful local recovery plans share several key characteris cs:
Community-centered:
Priori ze the needs and involvement of affected communi es.
Comprehensive: Address a wide range of poten al disasters and their impacts.
Flexible: Adaptable to changing circumstances and unexpected challenges.
Specific and ac onable: Clearly outline steps and responsibili es.
Resource-oriented: Iden fy available resources and allocate them effec vely.
Time-bound: Establish clear melines for recovery phases.
Collabora ve: Foster partnerships between government, NGOs, and the private sector.
Risk-informed: Based on thorough risk assessments and hazard analysis.
Sustainable: Promote long-term recovery and resilience.
Evaluated and updated: Regularly assess plan effec veness and make necessary adjustments.
1(C).
Write a short note on concept of climate change?
Climate change is a long-term shi in global or regional climate pa erns. Primarily caused by human ac vi es like
burning fossil fuels, it leads to rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and changes in precipita on.
2(A).
Explain in detail about Early warnings system?
Early Warning Systems (EWS)
An Early Warning System (EWS) is a set of capaci es needed to generate and disseminate mely and effec ve warnings
to enable targeted and differen ated early ac on.
Components of an EWS:
Risk Assessment: Iden fying poten al hazards and vulnerabili es.
Monitoring and Warning Genera on: Con nuously monitoring for signs of impending disasters and genera ng
warnings.
Dissemina on and Communica on: Effec vely communica ng warnings to target popula ons through various
channels.
Response Capability: Enabling individuals, communi es, and authori es to take appropriate ac ons based on
the warnings.
Benefits of EWS:
Save Lives: By providing mely warnings, EWS can help people evacuate or take protec ve measures.
Reduce Economic Losses: Early warnings can help protect livelihoods and infrastructure.
Improve Disaster Response: Early warning systems can enhance the effec veness of disaster response efforts.
2(B).
Demonstrate sustainable and environmental friendly recovery?
Sustainable and Environmental Friendly Recovery
Sustainable and environmental friendly recovery focuses on rebuilding a er a disaster while minimizing its ecological
impact and building resilience for future shocks.
Key Principles:
Green Infrastructure: Incorpora ng natural elements like wetlands, green roofs, and urban forests for flood
control, air quality improvement, and habitat restora on.
Circular Economy: Promo ng reuse, recycling, and waste reduc on to conserve resources and minimize
environmental impact.
Renewable Energy: Priori zing renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydro power for rebuilding energy
infrastructure.
Eco-friendly Building Materials: Using sustainable and low-impact materials for construc on.
Ecosystem Restora on: Rebuilding damaged ecosystems to protect biodiversity and support local communi es.
2(C).
List out hazard Loca ons classes and division?
Hazard Loca ons Classes and Divisions
Hazardous loca ons are classified based on the type and likelihood of flammable or explosive substances present in the
atmosphere. This classifica on system helps in selec ng appropriate electrical equipment for safe opera on in such
environments.
Classes
Class I: Loca ons where flammable gases or vapors may be present in sufficient quan es to produce explosive
or ignitable mixtures.
Class II: Loca ons where combus ble dust may be present in sufficient quan es to produce explosive or
ignitable mixtures.
Class III: Loca ons where ignitable fibers or flyings may be present.
Divisions
Within each Class, there are two Divisions:
Division 1: Hazardous materials are present con nuously or intermi ently under normal opera ng condi ons.
Division 2: Hazardous materials are present only under abnormal condi ons or for short periods of me.
