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Introduction to Computer Architecture

The document serves as an introduction to computer architecture and organization, emphasizing the importance of understanding the functional components and their interactions within a computer system. It highlights key concepts such as the distinction between architecture and organization, the necessity of reading reference materials, and the complexities involved in performance optimization. The presentation also outlines the structure and functions of computer systems, including data processing, storage, movement, and control.

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Mozaza Al Zaman
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39 views19 pages

Introduction to Computer Architecture

The document serves as an introduction to computer architecture and organization, emphasizing the importance of understanding the functional components and their interactions within a computer system. It highlights key concepts such as the distinction between architecture and organization, the necessity of reading reference materials, and the complexities involved in performance optimization. The presentation also outlines the structure and functions of computer systems, including data processing, storage, movement, and control.

Uploaded by

Mozaza Al Zaman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Introduction to

Computer
Architecture
CSE, KU
Confession
q Most of the materials have been collected from Internet.

q Images are taken from Internet.

q Various books are used to make these slides.

q Primary reference book:


v Computer Organization and Design: the
Hardware/Software Interface - Textbook by David A
Patterson and John L. Hennessy.
v Organizacion y Arquitectura de Computadores -
Book by William Stallings
2
Atanu Shome, CSE KU
“
This slide is not enough to learn these
topics. It’s just for your guideline. (NAH! Just
a reminder for me - which topics to cover)
Reading from the slides only, will be a BIG
mistake.

YOU NEED TO READ THE BOOK

3
Atanu Shome, CSE KU
Architecture and Organization
q Computer architecture refers to those attributes of a system visible to a programmer
or, put another way, those attributes that have a direct impact on the logical
execution of a program.
v Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms,
addressing techniques.
q Computer organization refers to the operational units and their interconnections that
realize the architectural specifications.
v Control signals, interfaces, memory technology

4
Atanu Shome, CSE KU
Hmmmm….

q Many computer manufacturers offer a family of computer models, all with the same
architecture but with differences in organization.

q Same architecture provides backward compatibility.

v BUT the organization can be different.

5
Atanu Shome, CSE KU
Why? Why? Why? Why? Why? Why? Why? Why? Why?

q A professional in any field of computing should not regard the computer as just a
black box that executes programs by magic.

q Students should’ve understanding and appreciation of a computer system’s functional


components, their characteristics, their performance, and their interactions.

q Complex trade-offs between CPU clock speed, cache size, bus organization, number
of core processors, and so on.

q Acknowledging the complexity of existing commercial systems.

6
Atanu Shome, CSE KU
A little more….

q How are programs written in a high-level language ?

q What is the interface between the software and the hardware ?

q What determines the performance of a program ?

q What techniques can be used by hardware designers to improve performance?

q What are the reasons for and the consequences of the recent switch from sequential
processing to parallel processing?

7
Atanu Shome, CSE KU
Understood?

8
Structure and Fuction

q Structure is the way in which components relate to each other

q Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure

9
Atanu Shome, CSE KU
Function

Data Processing

Data Storage

Data Movement

Control

10
Atanu Shome, CSE KU
Functional view

11
Atanu Shome, CSE KU
(1) Data movement

12
Atanu Shome, CSE KU
(2) Storage

13
Atanu Shome, CSE KU
(3) Processing from/to storage

14
Atanu Shome, CSE KU
(4) Processing from storage to I/O

15
Atanu Shome, CSE KU
Structure - Top Level

16
Atanu Shome, CSE KU
Structure - The CPU

17
Atanu Shome, CSE KU
Structure - The Control Unit

18
Atanu Shome, CSE KU
The End

19

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