LESSON PLAN IN MINERALS AND ROCKS
I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standard The learners demonstrate understanding of the Minerals and Ro
The learners will be able to differentiate between minerals
B. Performance Standard
rocks through picture sorting
The learners should be able to classify minerals and rocks based
C. Learning Competency
its properties.
II. SUBJECT MATTER
A. Topic Minerals and Rocks
1. Science Ideas
Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. It has different types o
physical properties includes;hardness,cleavage,color,streak,lust
crystalline,fracture,tenacity,specific
gravity,magnetism,fluorescence,
Phosphorescence.
Rocks are made up of chemical substance called minerals. Rock
are grouped into three categories: igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic.
B. Science Processes observing, classifying
C. Value Focus cooperation and collaboration
D. Materials Laptop, projector, worksheets, visual aids
E. References
F. Other Learning Resources [Link]
minerals
[Link]
[Link]
Rocks & Minerals- Science Journal (Teacher Copy).pdf
[Link]
[Link]
minerals/?amp
[Link]
III. LEARNING ACTIVITIES
A. Engage
1. Review Asking previous lesson:
- Can you recall what we discuss yesterday?
- What did you learned from our previous discussion?
- Can you give me some examples?
2. Motivation
Asking of questions:
1. What do you notice first when you look at the picture?
2. What questions do you have about rocks and minerals after
looking at this picture?
3. What do you think we can learn from studying rocks and
minerals?
B. Explore
1. Presentation Introduce the new lesson by presenting picture of rocks
minerals.
2. Pre-Activity Pic n Sort Me!
Learners will be given a task wherein they will sort out and past
the given set of pictures whether it is a mineral or rock to their
respective worksheets.
The class will be divided into two groups and each group will be
given a set of pictures and worksheets. Afterwards they will sele
one of their group mate to share their given activities by showin
their finish worksheets in class and afterwards differentiate
minerals from rocks.
3. Activity Proper
Each group will be given a worksheet for their activity.
Direction: Sort out the given set of pictures whether it is an
example of rocks or minerals, afterwards differentiate mineral fr
rock in at least 1-2 sentences.
MINERALS ROCKS
C. Explain
1. Group Reporting After the activity, the reporter of each group will share and disc
in the class their given work .
2. Discussion Minerals and Rocks
What is a Mineral?
Minerals are the building blocks of rocks.
Minerals are inorganic (nonliving).
Most rocks are made up of minerals.
Minerals are found in nature (dirt, water, rocks).
Minerals are natural and not manmade.
Minerals are made up of chemical substances.
Some minerals contain only one substance (such as silver or
gold)
Some minerals contain more than one substance (such as
quartzite and calcite)
Minerals have the same chemical makeup and are usually s
crystals.
The most important component of minerals is oxygen
Physical Properties of Minerals
1. Hardness - refers to resistance to abrasion or
scratching based on the Moh’s scale
2. Cleavage - refers to the property of minerals to break along
define plane surfaces
3. Color- refers to the property of reflecting light of one or more
wavelengths
4. Streak- refers to the color of the powder of the mineral
5. Luster- refers to the appearance of the mineral surface in
reflected light.
6. Crystalline structure- refers to the way the atoms or molecule
that make up the mineral are arranged internally
7. Fracture- refers to the way mineral breaks
8. Tenacity- refers to the ability of the mineral to hold togeth
9. Specific gravity- is a measure of the density of a mineral
relative to the density of water.
10. Magnetism- some minerals exhibit magnetic properties and
can be attracted to magnets
11. Fluorescence- refers to the emission of light (to which the ey
are sensitive by a mineral that is being stimulated by the
absorption of ultraviolet or X-ray radiation.
12. Phosphorescence- refers to the emission of light by a minera
after the stimulating source (rays or ultraviolet radiation) has be
removed.
What is a Rock?
Rocks are made up of chemical substance called minerals.
Rock may contain one or more minerals in it.
Since all rocks are different, they are grouped into three categor
igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
1. Igneous Rocks
Igneous rocks are the oldest type of rock.
Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of
magma or lava. Igneous rock may form with or without
crystallisation, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) ro
or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) [Link] rock is
formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or
lava. Igneous rock may form with or without crystallisation, eith
below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface
extrusive (volcanic) rocks.
There are two types of igneous rocks: extrusive and intrusiv
Extrusive: rocks that cool near or on the Earth’s surface
Intrusive: rocks that cool deep below Earth’s surface
Igneous rocks have very distinct characteristics:
Do not contain fossils.
Rarely or never react with acid.
Do not have layering.
Made up of two or more minerals, usually crystals of differen
sizes.
Are light or dark colored
Example:
2. Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary rocks are created by accumulating existing roc
or fragments of extinct organisms on the Earth’s surface. De
sediment burial causes sediment to get compressed and
cemented, resulting in sedimentary rock.
Types of Sedimentary Rocks
The sedimentary rocks are classified into three different type
Organic, Clastic and Chemical Sedimentary Rocks.
Organic Sedimentary Rocks
This rock type mainly comprises coal and limestones, which are
formed due to the accumulation and deposition of dead plants a
animals in rock layers.
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
This type of rock is formed when rock layers are formed due to t
mechanical weathering of different rock types.
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
This type of rock is created when minerals that are present in ro
forms undergo a chemical reaction that causes them to cool as
precipitates over time before changing back to rock form.
Sedimentary rocks have very distinct characteristics:
Classified by their texture and composition (make up).
Contain fossils.
May react with acid.
May have flat or curved layers.
Made up of pieces that have been pressed together.
Can be a variety of color.
May contain cross bedding, mud cracks, worm burrows, or
raindrop impressions.
Example:
3.
Metamorphic Rocks
The metamorphic rocks make up a large part of the Earth’s crus
and are classified by texture and by chemical and mineral
assemblage. They may be formed simply by being deep beneath
the Earth’s surface, subjected to high temperatures and the gre
pressure of the rock layers above it.
Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing roc
types, in a process called metamorphism, which means “change
form”.
Types of Metamorphic Rock
Following are the two types of metamorphic rock:
1. Foliated metamorphic rocks: These rocks are produce
by exposure to heat and pressure which makes them app
layered. Phyllite and gneiss are examples of foliated
metamorphic rocks.
2. Non-foliated metamorphic rocks: These rocks don’t h
layers. Marble and quartzite are examples of non-foliated
metamorphic rocks.
Metamorphic rocks have very distinct characteristics:
Classified by their texture and composition (make up).
Contain fossils.
Have alternating bands of light and dark minerals.
May contain only one mineral.
Have a visible layer of crystal.
Rarely have openings or pores.
May contain a curved foliation (parallel rock lines)\
Example:
Rock cycle
The most fundamental view of Earth’s materials is the
cycle, which presents the primary materials that comprise
Earth and describes how they form and relate to each other
The rock cycle is usually said to begin with a hot molten liq
rock called magma or lava.
Magma forms under the Earth’s surface in the crust or ma
and erupts on Earth’s surface as lava.
When magma or lava cools, it solidifies by crystallization
which minerals grow within the magma or lava.
The rock that results from this is an igneous rock from the L
word ignis, meaning “fire.”
Igneous rocks and other rocks on Earth’s surface are expo
to weathering and erosion processes to produce sediments.
Weathering is rocked’ physical and chemical breakdown
smaller fragments, and erosion removes those fragments f
their original location.
These fragments or grains are considered sediments o
igneous rocks are broken down and transported. Sedim
such as gravel, sand, silt, and clay can be transported by w
in streams, ice in the form of glaciers, and air in the form
wind.
Sample:
Gravel sand silt
Sediments ultimately come to rest in a process known
deposition. Deposition is when sediments, soil, or rocks
added to the land.
Compacting and cementing sediments together is lithificat
and lithified sediments are considered sedimentary rock, s
as sandstone and shale.
Pre-existing rocks may be metamorphosed into a metamor
rock; meta– means “change,” -morphos means “form”
“shape.” When rocks are subjected to extreme temperature
pressures, the minerals alter into enlarged crystals or ent
new minerals with a similar chemical makeup. These eleva
temperatures and pressures can occur when rocks are bu
deep within the Earth’s crust or encounter hot magma or l
In some cases, the temperature and pressure conditions
allow rocks to melt and create magma and lava, showing
cyclical nature of the rock cycle as new stones are born.
D.
1. Generalization Asking questions:
1. What have you learned in our discussion?
2. How do minerals differ from rocks?
3. Describe the differences between igneous, sedimentary an
metamorphic rocks.
2. Application Select the best answer:
1. The resistance of a mineral to abrasion or scratching.
a. Color b. Hardness c. Streak d. Tenacity
2. The most common rock in the earths crust.
a. Igneous b. Metamorphic c. Sedimentary d. None of
above
3. The rock cycle is a concept that indicates.
a. transformation of rocks to new types
b. the occurence of fossils in rocks
c. formation of minerals
d. none of the above
4. The ability of the mineral to hold together.
a. Color b. Hardness c. Streak d. Tenacity
5. The property of minerals to break along define plane surfaces
a. Color b. Cleavage c. Streak d. Tenacity
E. Evaluate
Direction: Paste the given words that corresponds to the
picture in the rock cycle.
IV. Assignment Rock Collection
Search for at least five different samples of rocks whether it i
igneous,
sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks.
Prepared by:
BELUSO, ANGEL LYN L.
BEED 3
