Module 2
The Web
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Lesson Objectives
• Explain the role of the web in daily life
• Describe websites and webpages
• Use e-commerce
• Explain how information literacy applies to
web searches and research
• Conduct online research
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
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2
The Role of the Web in Daily Life
1. Define web browsing terms
2. Explain the purpose of a top-level domain
3. Describe Internet standards
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
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3
Define Web Browsing Terms (1 of 3)
Web Browsing Terms
• Internet
• Webpage
• Website
• Browser
o Navigate
o Home/Start page
o Hyperlinks
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4
Define Web Browsing Terms (2 of 3)
Keep Track of Webpages
• Uniform resource locator
o Protocol (Hypertext Transfer
Protocol, HTTP)
o Server address
o Pathname
o File name
• Web server
o IP address
o Domain name
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5
Define Web Browsing Terms (3 of 3)
Navigate the Web
• Address bar
• Cache
• Breadcrumbs
• Navigation bar
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6
Explain the Purpose of a Top-Level Domain
Top-Level Domain (TLD)
Table 2-2: Popular TLDs
TLD Generally used for
.com Most commercial sites that sell products and services
.edu Academic and research sites such as schools and universities
.gov Government organizations
.net Network providers, ISPs, and other Internet administrative organizations
.org Organizations such as political or not for profit (any website can have the .org TLD but, traditionally,
only professional and non-profit organization such as churches and humanitarian groups use it)
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
7
Describe Internet Standards
Internet Standards
• Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) [Link]
• World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) [Link]
• Reference
o [Link]
chapter-toolkit/
o [Link]
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
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8
Describe Websites and Webpages
1. Identify the types of websites
2. Explain the pros and cons of web apps
3. Identify the major components of a webpage
4. Identify secure and insecure websites
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
9
Identify Types of Websites
Categories
Banking and finance Entertainment Portals
Blogs Government or Retail and auctions
organization
Bookmarking Health and fitness Science
Business Information and research Search sites
Careers and Mapping Travel and tourism
employment
Content aggregation Media sharing Website creation
and management
E-commerce News, weather, sports, Web apps and
and other mass media software as a
service (SaaS)
educational Online social networks Wikis and
collaboration
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
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10
Explain the Pros and Cons of Web Apps
Pros Cons
Access web apps from any device with a You must be online to use web apps.
browser and Internet connection.
Collaborate with others no matter their Your files are more vulnerable to security
location. and privacy violations.
Store your work on the app’s website so If the web app provider has technical
you can access it anytime and anywhere. problems, you might not be able to access
your work.
Save storage space on your device If the web app provider goes out of
business, you can lose your files.
Access the latest version of the app without Web apps often offer fewer features and
installing updates. may run more slowly than installed apps.
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
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11
The Major Components of a Webpage
Five Major Areas
• Header
• Navigation bar
• Body
• Sidebar
• Footer
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
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12
Identify Secure and Insecure Websites
Secure Websites
• Use encryption to safeguard
transmitted information
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
(HTTPS)
• Use digital certificates to vouch for
authenticity of the website
• Lock icon
• Requires sign-in with
username/password before entering
sensitive information
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
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13
Use E-Commerce
1. Explain the role of e-commerce in daily life
2. Use e-commerce in business transactions
3. Use e-commerce in personal transactions
4. Explain how to find e-commerce deals
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
14
Explain the Role of E-Commerce in Daily Life (1 of 2)
Types of e-commerce websites
Type of E- commerce Description Example
Business-to-consumer Involves the sale of goods Shopping websites
(B2C) and services to the general
public
Consumer-to-consumer Occurs when one consumer Online auctions
(C2C) sells directly to another
Business-to-business Consists of business Market research websites
(B2B) providing goods and
services to other business
Reference: Video - What is E-Commerce?
[Link]
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
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15
Explain the Role of E-Commerce in Daily Life (2 of 2)
Pros and cons of e-commerce for consumers
• Pros
o Variety
o Convenience
o Budget
• Cons
o Security
o Fraud
o Indirect experience
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
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16
Use E-Commerce in Business Transactions
B2B E-Commerce
• Transferring goods, services, or information between businesses
• Pricing can vary based upon the level of service provided, negotiated terms,
and other factors
• A team of people often review and make a purchasing decision
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
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17
Use E-Commerce in Personal Transactions
B2C/E-Retail
• Electronic storefront
• Tracks your selected items using cookies
• Make secure e-commerce payments
o 3D Secure
o Transport Layer Security (TLS)
o Online payment services
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
18
Explain How to Find E-Commerce Deals
Find Online Deals
• Comparison shopping sites
• Using digital deals
o Gift certificates
o Gift cards
o Coupons
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
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19
Apply Information Literacy to Web Searches
1. Define information literacy
2. Explain how search engines work
3. Use search tools and strategies
4. Refine web searches
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
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20
Define Information Literacy
Information Literacy
• How one finds, evaluates, uses, and communicates online information
• Allows one to:
o Navigate many sources of information, including the Internet, online libraries, and
popular media sites.
o Select the right tool for finding the information you need.
o Recognize that not all information is created equal.
o Evaluate whether information is misleading, biased, or out of date.
o Manage information to become a knowledgeable decision maker.
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
21
Explain How Search Engines Work
General Search Engine
• Compiles a database of information about webpages
• Uses software programs called spiders or crawlers to build an index of
terms and their locations
• When one enters a query, the search engine refers to its index and lists
pages based on how closely they answer the query
• Ranking depends on how often and where a search term appears on the
webpage, how long the webpage has been published, and the number of
other webpages that link to it
Reference: Video - Google Search Explained
[Link]
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
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22
Use Search Tools and Strategies (1 of 2)
Search Tools
• Find online information based on criteria you specify or selections you make
• Search engines
• Search boxes on webpages
• Web directory or subject directory
• Specialized search tools concentrate on specific resources
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
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23
Use Search Tools and Strategies (2 of 2)
Use a Search Strategy
• State what kind of information you are
seeking, as specifically as possible
• Phrase the search term as a question
• Identify the keywords or phrases that
could answer the question
• Select an appropriate search tool
• Perform the search, and refine the web
search to narrow or broaden the results
o Use a word stem to help broaden results
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
24
Refine Web Searches (1 of 3)
Learning from the Search Engine
Results Page (SERP)
• Subject filters
• Time filters
• Questions other users often ask
about the same subject
• Search terms related to the original
term
• Knowledge graph pulled from online
sources
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
25
Refine Web Searches (2 of 3)
Search Engine Practices
• Lists the most relevant results, or hits, on the first page.
• Results labeled as an “Ad” or “Sponsored link” are from advertisers
• Each type of filter offers related features
• Google displays a “People also search for” list below a link you visited
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
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26
Refine Web Searches (3 of 3)
Boolean Operators
Table 2-6: Common search operators
Operator Means Example
“” (quotation marks) Find webpages with the exact “augmented reality” in business
words in the same order
| (vertical bar) OR augmented | virtual
- (hyphen) NOT augmented reality – virtual
* Wildcard (placeholder for any augmented* reality
number of characters)
#..# Find webpages within a range of augmented reality 2017..2022
numbers
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
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27
Conduct Online Research
1. Use specialty search engines
2. Evaluate online information
3. Gather content from online sources
4. Apply information literacy standards
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
28
Use Specialty Search Engines
Specialty Search Engines
• Let one search information sources that general search engines do not
always access
Search tool What it does
Wolfram Alpha Answers factual questions directly, without listing webpages that might
contain the answer
RhythmOne Finds videos or other multimedia; uses speech recognition to match the
audio part of a video with your search term
Ask a Librarian Connects you to librarians at the Library of Congress and other libraries;
allows you to engage in an online chat or submit your question in an
online form
TinEye Does a reverse search for submitted images, rather than keywords, to
locate the original image and match it with other indexed images
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
29
Evaluate Online Information
The CARS Checklist
• Credibility: identify the author and check credentials
• Accuracy: verify facts and claims, check for bias
• Reasonableness: examine whether the claims are fair and sensible
• Support: look for reputable sources and authorities
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
30
Gather Content from Online Sources
Follow Ethical Guidelines
• Copying photos might violate intellectual property rights
• A copyright gives authors and artists the legal right to
sell, publish, or distribute an original work
• Some online resources are protected by digital rights
management (DRM), which limit access to propriety
rights
• Some material is in the public domain and can be used
without permission
• The fair use doctrine allows one to use a sentence or
paragraph of text without permission with citation to the
original source
• Creative Commons (CC): a nonprofit organization that
helps content creators keep copyright to their materials
while allowing others to use, copy, or distribute their work
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
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31
Apply Information Literacy Standards
Citing Sources
• A citation is a formal reference to a source
• Each type of information source uses a different citation style
• Failure to cite sources, even if some of the words are changed or
paraphrased, is plagiarism
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
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