Satara (city)

Satara ( pronunciationⓘ) (ISO: Sātārā) is a city located in the Satara District of Maharashtra
state of India, near the confluence of the river Krishna and its tributary, the Venna.[2] The city was
established in the 16th century and was the seat of the Chhatrapati of the Maratha Kingdom,
Shahu I.

It is the headquarters of Satara Tehsil, as well as the Satara District. The city gets its name from
the seven forts (Sat-Tara) which are around the city. The city is known as a Soldier's city as well
as Pensioner's city. The city had a population of 179,147 in 2011.[3]

History

The first known Muslim rule of the Deccan took place in 1296. In 1636, the Nizam Shahi dynasty
came to an end. In 1663, Shivaji conquered Parali and Satara fort. After the death of Chhatrapati
Sambhaji (Son of Chhatrpati Shivaji Maharaj), Shahu, heir apparent to the Maratha Kingdom, was
captured by Mughals when he was only seven years old. He remained their prisoner until the
death of Aurangzeb in 1707.

The dowager Maharani Tarabai proclaimed her son, Shahu's younger half-brother Shahu
Sambhaji, as the Chhatrapati Maharaj under her regency. The Mughals released Shahu under
certain preconditions in 1707. The Marathas would face an internal war for the throne. Shahu
returned to the Maratha+ Kingdom and claimed his inheritance.

Aurangzeb's son Muhammad Azam Shah conquered the Satara fort Ajinkyatara after a 6-month
siege, later won by Parshuram Pratinidhi in 1706. In 1708, Chattrapati Shahu, the son of
Chhatrapati Sambhaji, was crowned at the Satara fort. The direct descendants of Shivaji
continue to live in Satara. Chhatrapati Udayanraje Bhonsle is the 13th descendant of Shivaji.[4]

Satara was the first state to be annexed by British Governor-General Dalhousie’s policy of
‘Doctrine of Lapse’ in 1848.

A shadow government was established in Satara.[5] during the Quit India movement.

Modern history

In 2023, a communal clash in Satara's Pusesavali village stemming from a social media post led
to one death and nineteen injuries.[6] The victim, Nurul Hasan, was reportedly unconnected to the
social media posts in question.[7]
Geography Satara

City

View of Ajinkyatara Fort above the city of

Satara1 Satara, Maharashtra

Satara is located at 17.68°N 73.98°E ([Link]

[Link]/[Link]?pagename
=Satara_(city)&params=17.68_N_73.98_E_typ
e:city(108043)_region:IN-MH).[8] It lies in the
Satara District.[9] Satara city is surrounded by
seven mountains. Satara lies on the slope of
Ajinkyatara fort.[10] It lies on the western side
of the Deccan Plateau. Pune (110 KM), Sangli
(121 KM), Kolhapur (122 KM) and Solapur
(263 KM) are the main cities close to Satara.[9]
The city is surrounded by the tehsils of
Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
Koregaon on the West, Karad (51 KM) and
Satara in Maharashtra
Patan on the South, Jawali on the East and
Coordinates: 17.688°N 74.006°E ([Link]
Wai on the North.[9] [Link]/[Link]?pagename=Sa
tara_(city)&params=17.688_N_74.006_E_type:
National Highway 48 (formerly National city_region:IN-MH)
Highway 4) passes through Satara, between Country India
[11]
Karad and Khandala. Kaas Plateau, a valley
State Maharashtra
of flowers, is situated 25 km away from Satara
District Satara
.[12]
Established 16th century
The Satara District experiences earthquakes
Founded by Shahu I
of minor magnitudes. the epicenter of these
earthquakes are scattered in Patan Taluka.[10] Named after 'Saat Tara' or Saat
Tare meaning Seven
Stars denoting the
Satara is famous for the Kaas Pathar, seven hill forts in the
Thoseghar, and a lot of natural sites present in adjoining areas of the
city
the vicinity of the city. Kass Plateau has been
awarded as a UNESCO's World Heritage Site Government
(WHS). In the monsoon months, the Kaas • Type Municipal Council
Pathar, as it is locally known, transforms into a
• Body Satara Municipal
wildflower wonderland. More particularly so in Council
September when vivid shades of pink balsams,
Area
yellow Smithia flowers, and blue utricularias
• Total 22.42 km2
carpet the vast grasslands. It’s a must-visit for (8.66 sq mi)
serious botanists, amateur photographers to
Elevation 742 m (2,434 ft)
witness the spectrum of Western Ghats
Population (2011)
monsoon montane grasslands flora, some of
which are rare and endangered.[13] • Total 179,147 (2,011)[1]

Demonym Satarkar

Language
Climate
• Official Marathi
Satara city has a tropical wet and dry climate
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
(Köppen climate classification: Aw) that is
PIN 415001, 415002,
influenced by the relatively high altitude and
415003, 415004,
mountains surrounding the city. Summers are 415005, 415006
more hot than the winters. Satara city receives Telephone code 02162
rainfall from 900 mm to 1,500 mm depending
Vehicle registration MH-11
on the strength of the monsoon.
Website [Link] ([Link]
[Link])
 Climate data for Satara (1991–2020, extremes 1933–2020) [hide]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C 35.8 38.0 40.5 42.4 42.1 41.2 35.2 35.2 34.6 37.7 36.0 34.7 42.4
(°F) (96.4) (100.4) (104.9) (108.3) (107.8) (106.2) (95.4) (95.4) (94.3) (99.9) (96.8) (94.5) (108.3)
Mean daily
30.5 32.9 36.2 38.1 37.4 30.9 27.3 26.9 29.2 31.4 31.1 30.2 31.8
maximum °C
(86.9) (91.2) (97.2) (100.6) (99.3) (87.6) (81.1) (80.4) (84.6) (88.5) (88.0) (86.4) (89.2)
(°F)
Mean daily
12.4 14.2 17.7 21.1 22.8 22.6 21.8 21.2 20.6 19.4 16.1 13.2 18.6
minimum °C
(54.3) (57.6) (63.9) (70.0) (73.0) (72.7) (71.2) (70.2) (69.1) (66.9) (61.0) (55.8) (65.5)
(°F)
Record low °C 4.8 5.8 9.1 12.3 15.2 18.0 19.0 14.5 14.5 13.2 9.0 7.3 4.8
(°F) (40.6) (42.4) (48.4) (54.1) (59.4) (64.4) (66.2) (58.1) (58.1) (55.8) (48.2) (45.1) (40.6)
Average
0.8 0.3 5.8 13.9 27.7 194.5 238.1 194.6 120.2 112.7 21.6 5.1 935.2
rainfall mm
(0.03) (0.01) (0.23) (0.55) (1.09) (7.66) (9.37) (7.66) (4.73) (4.44) (0.85) (0.20) (36.82)
(inches)
Average rainy
0.1 0.1 0.4 1.3 1.9 10.3 16.0 12.8 8.4 6.3 1.6 0.4 59.7
days
Average
relative
37 30 28 33 43 70 78 79 71 58 48 42 52
humidity (%)
(at 17:30 IST)

Source 1: India Meteorological Department[14][15][16]

Source 2: Government of Maharashtra[17]

Demographics

As of 2011 India census,[18] Satara had a population of 120,079; 61,129 are males while 59,066
are females, thus males constituted 52% of the population and females 48%.[19] Satara has an
average literacy rate of 80%, higher than the national average of 74%: male literacy is 84%, and
female literacy is 76%. In Satara, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age. Marathi is the
native and most widely spoken language. Around 98.5% Speakers are Marathi . Hindi is spoken
by 1.5% of the population.

Maharashtra state's sex ratio is 883 girls per 1000 boys, and Satara fares worse still at 881, in
spite of the high level of literacy.[20]

Religions in Satara city

Religion Percent
Hindus 83.3%
Muslims 7.7%
Christian 4%
Jain 3.7%
Buddhist 1.3%
Others† 1%

Distribution of religions
†Includes Sikhs (0.2%), Parsi (0.8%).
The population of Satara has crossed the municipal limits and actual urban agglomerate
population 326,765. The city is surrounded with census towns viz. Pratikash B. Karanje, Khed,
Godoli and Vilaspur. These census towns are considered as suburban of Satara city.

The nod for Satara city,[21] limit expansion was given by Devendra Fadnavis then chief minister of
Maharashtra on 16 September 2019. The matter was pending for 40 years. The city's border will
be extended to NH4 towards east, to Ajinkyatara on the south, the whole region south to Venna
River, Shahupuri, Sambhajinagar, Vilaspur and Dare Budruk grampanchayats will become a part
of Satara city.

Government and politics

Satara city falls under Satara Lok Sabha constituency, represented by MP Udayanraje Bhosale
from the Bharatiya Janata Party.[22] The city also elects an MLA from the Satara Vidhan Sabha
constituency, represented by BJP's Shivendrasinh Abhayasinh Bhosale.[23][24]

Civic administration

Satara is a Municipal Council city in district of Satara, Maharashtra.[25] Satara Municipal Council,
with population of about 1.2 lakh is Satara sub district's only municipal council located in Satara
sub district of Satara district in the state Maharashtra in India.[26] Total geographical area of
Satara municipal council is 8 square km. Population density of the city is 14748 persons per
square km.[27]

The Satara city is divided into 39 wards for which elections are held every 5 years.[19] Among
them Satara Ward No 19 is the most populous ward with population of 4691 and Satara Ward No
23 is the least populous ward with population of 2206.[19]

Civic utilities

Water from the Kaas lake is supplied to Satara city for drinking purposes.[28] Maharashtra Jeevan
Pradhikaran supplies water to Satara city.[29] 19 MLD is supplied, but because of water leakage
during transmission, only 17.2 MLD gets supplied effectively.[30]

Satara Municipal Council is responsible for providing sanitation and solid waste management
services in the city, through private contractors.[30] 70 MT/day of solid waste is generated per
day. 18 Mt/ day is disposed off through composting.[31] 8.17 sq km of the city, covering 20972
households, are covered under door to door collection.[32]
12.8 MLD of sewage is generated in the city.[31] Satara Municipal Council has plans to construct
an STP of 17.5 MLD capacity.[31]

The Maharashtra Right to Public Service Act, 2015 is a revolutionary Act.[33] Citizens can get
complete information regarding which services are available under this Act by accessing either
the mobile app RTS Maharashtra or ‘Aaple Sarkar’ Web Portal.[33] Citizens can even apply online
for availing these services.[33]

Economy

Sugarcane is the single biggest crop of Satara along with turmeric and ginger. The Satara district
has around 302 banks. The per capita of Satara district is nearly 1.2 times the state average.[34]
The British had, during the pre-Independence period started a variety of industries in Satara for
Menthol and soap manufacturing in 1905. Bigger industries for copper were started in 1922.
After independence, the whole district was stagnant in industrial growth. From 1950-60,
industrial growth restarted and the manufacture of jaggery was started in the Satara Tehsil area.
There is tanning industry in Satara city. It existed during the British rule, and after independence,
the Maharashtra government established a modern tanning center in 1957.[35]

Tourism

Kas plateau, Satara (World Heritage

Site)[36]

The famous tourist points near Satara city are:

Ajinkyatara Fort (अजिंक्यतारा किल्ला)

Jarandeshwar Hanuman - Satara Koregaon Road

Sajjangad Fort (सज्जनगड किल्ला)

Kaas Plateau – Called "Valley of flowers of Maharashtra" which is also a World Heritage Site

Baramotichi Vihir Step well, near Limb village which is about 16 km from Satara
 Thoseghar Waterfall

Yewateshwar

Bamnoli

Dhom Dam

Raje Baksavar Peer Saaheb Dargha (Khatgun)

Chaphal (Shree Ram Mandir, Near Umbraj)[37]

Bamnoli boating view

A view of Narayan Maharaj Math from

Shembdi Vaghali-Bamnoli Road

A sunset view from Naryan Maharaj Math, Bamnoli

Paratapgad located 75 km North West of Satara

The fort's historical significance is due to the Battle of Pratapgad, which took place here on 10
November 1659, between Chatrapti Shivaji and Bijapur Sultanate general Afzal Khan. Killing of
Afzal Khan by Chatrapati Shivaji was followed by decisive Maratha victory over the Bijapur army.

Panchgani located 50 km from Satara. Panchgani, called Paachgani (पाचगणी in Marathi), is a

hill station and municipal council in Satara district.
Culture

Places to visit

Satara is located at the foot of the famous Ajinkyatara fort and on Kas plateau / Flower plateau,
now a World Natural Heritage site.[36] Satara has two palaces in the heart of the city, the Old
Palace (Juna Rajwada) and the New Palace (Nava Rajwada) adjoining each other. The Old Palace
was built around 300 years ago, and the New Palace was built about 200 years ago.

Satara has a unique statue of Shivaji standing near a cannon, at Powai Naka. Generally, statues
of Shivaji depict him riding a horse.

Thoseghar Waterfalls, around 20 km west of Satara, is one of the best monsoon tourist places in
the Western Ghats. People come from all over Maharashtra to visit the falls, especially during the
monsoon season between July and October. Vajrai Waterfall, India's highest waterfall, is around
22 km from Satara. Sajjangad Fort is around 15 km from Satara.

Satara hosts the Satara Half Hill Marathon each year.[38] In 2015, they entered the Guinness
World Records book for Most People in a Mountain Run (Single Mountain) with 2,618
runners.[39][40]

Apshinge Military is a small village in Satara district. At least one member of every family in the
village has served or is serving in the armed forces. The British government installed a memorial
in the village to recognize the 46 soldiers who died in World War I.[41]

Food

Satara is known for its sweet: Kandi pedha. Kandi pedha is prepared using whole milk from
nearby villages. Kandi pedha has a unique flavor and a lower sugar content than other Indian
sweets.

Education

Satara is well known for Sainik School, Satara - The first among the chains of Sainik Schools
established in the country on 23 June 1961 under the Ministry of Defence.[42] Satara has base of
Rayat education institutes. Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science [43] is one of the famous
institute from District. Rayat Shikshan Sanstha's Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil college of engineering,
Satara[44] is the oldest engineering college in Satara city. Government Medical College (GMC),
Satara had its first batch graduation in the year 2022. It is located near the Civil Hospital
Satara[45]

KSD Shanbhag Vidyalaya (1990)

[46]
Government Medical College ([Link] (2022)

Notable people

Hari Makaji Naik

Jagannath Raoji Chitnis

Sai Bhosale

Yashwantrao Chavan

Tanaji Malusare

Rani of Jhansi

Jyotirao Phule

Bhaurao Patil

Krantisinha Nana Patil

Khashaba Dadasaheb Jadhav

Udayanraje Bhosale

Narendra Dabholkar

Shivendra Raje Bhosale

Sayaji Shinde

Lalita Babar

Sharad Pawar

Shahir Sable

Bal Kolhatkar

Transport

Road links

Satara is about 250 km from Mumbai on National Highway 48 (via Mumbai Pune Expressway
and PB road) and 110 km away from Pune. A bypass on Highway 48 was constructed to avoid
traffic congestion in the city. National Highway 965D connects Kedgaon, Supe, Morgaon, Nira,
Lonand, Wathar up to Satara. National Highway 548C starts from Satara. Satara-Akluj-Latur
Highway connects Satara to Latur. It passes through Koregaon, Pusegaon, Mhaswad, Akluj,
Tembhurni and Murud. It will also be a 4 lane highway, work is going to start soon. State Highway
58 connects Satara with Mahabaleshwar and Solapur. Satara Mahad Bankot is a newly declared
national highway connecting Satara to the Konkan region.

Bus links

Private and government state transport buses are available from Borivali, Dadar, Mumbai Central,
and Thane to Satara.

Air links

Pune Airport is the nearest airport.

Railways

Satara railway station lies on the Pune-Miraj line of the Central Railways and is administered by
the Pune Railway Division. The station is situated near Mahuli about 0.7 km from the Satara bus
stand on the Satara Pandharpur road. Satara is On Route from Mumbai to Miraj, Sangli, Kolhapur,
and Bangalore (some trains). Sahyadri Express, Koyna Express, Mahalaxmi Express, Maharashtra
Express, Goa Express are daily trains that have stops at Satara.

Railway Time Table Satara

Towards Miraj / Karad

 Train Departure
No. Train Name Train Type Day
No. time

Dis. 11023 Mumbai – Kolhapur Sahyadri Express Discontinued Discontinued

01 11097 Pune – Ernakulam Poorna Express Sun 00.45 Am

02 17411 Mumbai - Kolhapur Mahalaxmi Express Daily 03.15 Am

Sun, Wed,
03 11021 Dadar - Tirunelveli Tirunelveli / Chalukya Express 04.00 Am
Thu

04 11035 Dadar – Mysore Sharavati Express Fri 04.00 Am

05 11005 Dadar - Puducherry Puducherry Express Mon, Tue, Sat 04.00 Am

06 51441 Satara – Kolhapur Demu Special Daily 05.40 Am

07 16209 Ajmer – Mysore All Mysore Express Mon, Sat 04.55 Am

Gandhidham –
08 16505 GIMB SBC Bangalore Express Wed 04.55 Am
Bangalore

09 16507 Jodhpur – Bangalore JU SBC Bangalore Express Sun, Fri 04.55 Am

10 16531 Ajmer – Bangalore SBC Garib Nawaz Express Tue 04.55 Am

11 11040 Gondia – Kolhapur Maharashtra Express Daily 07.30 Am

12 12148 Nizamuddin – Kolhapur Nizamuddin Express Fri 09.30 Pm

13 12782 Nizamuddin – Mysore Swarnajayani Express Tue 09.30 Pm

14 11049 Ahmadabad-Kolhapur Ahmadabad Express Mon 10.50 Pm

15 51409 Pune – Kolhapur Demu Special Daily 02.30 Pm

16 11029 Mumbai – Kolhapur Koyna Express Daily 04.00 Pm

17 12780 Nizamuddin – Vasco Goa Express Daily 07.50 Pm

ShriGanganagar-
18 22497 Humsafar Express Tue 09.45 Pm
Tiruchchirapali

10.40 Pm
19 01539 Pune - Satara Demu Special Daily
Terminated

Sahyadri Express >> Discontinued

Information by ( Basargi) : updated

In August 2022

Towards Pune
 Train Departure
No. Train Name Train Type Day
No. time

Dis 11024 Kolhapur – Mumbai Sahyadri Express Discontinued Discontinued

01 11012 Kolhapur - Mumbai Mahalaxmi Express Daily 12.15 Am

02 12779 Vasco – Nizamuddin Goa Express Daily 01.00 Am

Tiruchchirapali -
03 22498 Humsafar Express Sat 05.00 Am
ShriGanganagar

04 01540 Satara - Pune Demu Special Daily 06.15 Am

05 51410 Kolhapur – Pune Passenger Daily 09.28 Am

06 11030 Kolhapur – Mumbai Koyna Express Daily 12.05 Pm

07 12147 Kolhapur – Nizamuddin Nizamuddin Express Tue 12.40 Pm

08 12781 Mysore – Nizamuddin Swarnajayani Express Sat 12.40 Pm

09 16210 Mysore – Ajmer Ajmer Express Wed, Fri 03.15 Pm

10 16506 Bangalore – Gandhidham Gandhidham Express Sun 03.15 Pm

11 16508 Bangalore - Jodhpur Jodhpur Express Tue, Thu 03.15 Pm

12 16532 Bangalore – Ajmer Garib Nawaz Express Sat 03.15 Pm

13 16532 Kolhapur – Ahmadabad Ahmadabad Express Sat 04.30 Pm

14 11039 Kolhapur - Gondia Maharashtra Express Daily 06.40 Pm

15 11098 Ernakulam – Pune Poorna Express Tue 08.10 Pm

16 51442 Kolhapur – Satara Demu Special Daily 09.28 Pm

Mon, Wed,
17 11006 Puducherry - Dadar Puducherry Express 11.10 Pm
Thu

18 11022 Tirunelveli - Dadar Tirunelveli / Chalukya Express Tue, Fri, Sat 11.10 Pm

19 11036 Mysore – Dadar Sharavati Express Sun 11.10 Pm

Station Del
Station
17317 Hubli - Dadar Hubli Express Station Del
Del

Sahyadri Express >> Discontinued

Information by( Basargi): Updated

In August 2022

See also

Bhosale

Maratha

Maratha Empire

List of Maratha dynasties and states

 Peshwe

Holkars

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25. "Municipal Council, Satara | District Satara, Government of Maharashtra, India | India" (http
s://[Link]/en/public-utility/municipal-councils-2/) . Retrieved 23 September
2020.

26. "Cenus 2011" ([Link] .

27. "Census 2011" ([Link] .

28. "GEOGRAPHICAL SET UP OF THE STUDY REGION" ([Link]

eam/10603/2496/9/09_chapter%[Link]) (PDF).

29. "Drinking Water Quality in Distribution System of Satara City Maharashtra" ([Link]
[Link]/publication/279308965) . Retrieved 9 December 2020.

30. "Road Map towards 24x7 Water Supply in Class 'A' Municipal Councils in Maharashtra" (http
s://[Link]/Portal/document/ResourcesFiles/Road%20Map%20Towards%2024x7%
20WS%[Link]) (PDF). Retrieved 9 December 2020.

31. "Action Plan Priorities - Venna" ([Link]

ction-plan-priority/Action_plans_priority_III_VENNA_2019_03072019.pdf) (PDF).
Maharashtra Pollution Control Board. Retrieved 9 December 2020.

32. "Solid Waste Management Information" ([Link] (PDF).

National Solid Waste Association of India.

33. "Right to Service | District Satara, Government of Maharashtra, India | India" ([Link]
[Link]/en/service/right-to-service/) . Retrieved 5 September 2020.

34. Seetharaman, G. (20 November 2016). "Demonetisation: Satara farmers willing to bite the
bitter bullet" ([Link]
ion-satara-farmers-willing-to-bite-the-bitter-bullet/articleshow/[Link]?from=mdr) .
The Economic Times. Retrieved 16 January 2020.

35. "INDUSTRIAL DISTRIBUTION AND DEVELOPMENT IN SATARA TEHSIL" ([Link]

[Link]/bitstream/10603/135123/9/09%20growth%20and%20distribution%20of%20i
ndustriesin%20satara%[Link]) (PDF).
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[Link]/pune/report_kaas-to-bloom-for-only-2000-tourists-daily_1710438) .
[Link].

37. "VirajTravels – Perfect place to find all holiday packages" ([Link]

tion=com_content&view=article&id=22&catid=2&Itemid=3) . [Link]. Retrieved
18 August 2017.

38. "Satara Hill Half Marathon on September 6 - Times of India" ([Link]

[Link]/city/pune/Satara-Hill-Half-Marathon-on-September-6/articleshow/[Link]) .
The Times of India. Retrieved 25 October 2017.

39. Avlani, Shrenik (4 January 2016). "Runs you cannot miss in 2016" ([Link]
Leisure/OpffY7yGgUYdRZvyhJFokJ/[Link]) . [Link]/.
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40. "Most people in a mountain run - single mountain" ([Link]

world-records/most-people-in-a-mountain-ascent-single-mountain) . Guinness World
Records. Retrieved 25 October 2017.

41. "Recognise our WWI sacrifices: Apshinge Military villagers" ([Link]

e/report-recognise-our-wwi-sacrifices-apshinge-military-villagers-1876344) . 19 August
2013.

42. "Sainik School Satara" ([Link] . [Link]. Retrieved 18 July

2022.

43. Google Map. "Yashwantrao Chavan Institute of Science,Satara| Home :: Science College" (ht
tp://[Link]/) . [Link]. Retrieved 18 July 2022. {{cite web}}: |author= has
generic name (help)

44. "Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil College of Engineering, Satara" ([Link] .

45. "District Hospital, Satara · M2R5+HQ4, Sadarbazar, Guruwar Peth, Satara, Maharashtra
415002, India" ([Link]
47,74.0094581,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x3bc239be08d96bbd:0xd7b5d483e29537
30!8m2!3d17.6913947!4d74.0094581) . District Hospital, Satara · M2R5+HQ4, Sadarbazar,
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2022.

Further reading

Paul H. von Tucher: Nationalism: Case and crisis in Mission – German Missions in British India
1939 – 1946 ([Link] Diss. Erlangen 1980. Author's edition
Erlangen/Germany 1980. Read SATARA ([Link] .

Wilhelm Filchner: Life of a Researcher (chapter XXIII). Wilhelm Filchner was interned from
September 1941 until November 1946 in the Parole Camp in Satara.

Selections from the Historical Records of the Hereditary Minister of Baroda. Consisting of letters
from Bombay, Baroda, Poona and Satara Governments. Collected by B. A. Gupte. Calcutta 1922.

Malik, S. C. Stone Age Industries of the Bombay & Satara Districts, M. Sayajirao University
Baroda 1959.

Irawati Karve, Jayant Sadashiv Randadive, The Social Dynamics of a Growing Town and Its
Surrounding Area. Deccan College, 1965, Poona. ISBN B0000CQW3J

Valunjkar, T. N. Social Organization, Migration & Change in a Village Community, Deccan College
Poona 1966.

Dr. [Link] writes about his experience while living as a child in Satara in his
autobiographical book, Waiting for a Visa [1] ([Link]
009/03/[Link])