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positive psych assignment .pdf
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Positive Psychology Assignment
Yana Shah
B067
Prof. Anagh Mishra
Jyoti Dalal School of Liberal Arts, NMIMS
7th February, 2025
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Introduction
2 Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their capacity to execute behaviors necessary
to produce specific performance attainments (Bandura, 1977, 1986, 1997). It can be
understood as what motivates individuals to persevere through adversities, trusting
themselves even through the uncharted, believing in personal growth from experience. Albert
Bandura introduced this concept, and it is frequently discussed in terms of academic success,
career goals or skill building. In fact, self-efficacy is much more than merely reaching
milestones; it is how individuals navigate through their lives.
I was inclined towards the exploration of self-efficacy, as over time, I have arrived at a more
profound understanding of this concept. Like many others, I first connected it with tenacity in
academics or career aspirations, but I started to see how self-efficacy also shaped my
reactions to emotional challenges, interpersonal disagreements, and times of self-doubt. As I
dug deeper into it, I came to see that self-efficacy affects not only our outcomes, but also our
perceptions, emotions, and adaptation styles.
This is not only individually important; it is pertinent everywhere. Everyone deals with moral
conundrums, emotional setbacks, or self-doubt at some time. While some people recover
rapidly, others find it difficult to get back on their feet. Their degree of self-efficacy—not
only in their professions but also in life itself—often makes all the difference. I interviewed
[Interviewee's Name] to learn more about this since they personally experienced self-efficacy
in a way that transcends conventional conceptions. Their narrative emphasises how
self-efficacy is a method by which we rewire our brains, foster resilience, and negotiate the
uncertainty of life—not only a tool for success.
I spoke with three persons from various phases of life—my grandmother, my father, and a
close friend—to grasp self-efficacy in a more realistic and intimate sense. Their experiences
represented how self-efficacy grows in many circumstances, frequently in ways that go
unseen in the moment but become obvious in retrospect.
My Grandmother's Perspective
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Women were expected to concentrate mostly on domestic duties at the time my grandmother
was growing up, with little exposure to financial or logistical decisions. She had to take on
duties she had never handled before—managing funds, operating a house, and contacting
others outside the family for different projects after marriage. Her confidence grew from need
rather than preference. She learned by doing whether it was interacting with shopkeepers,
resolving unanticipated issues at home, or even conducting bank work once my grandfather
became sick. She never considered these events as acts of strength at the time—just as they
were necessary. But looking back, she realises that each modest move boosted her
confidence, strengthening her capacity to manage things autonomously.
What sticks out about her experience is that she never deliberately thought about
self-efficacy, yet it emerged naturally as she took on additional tasks. Even today, she
believes that many women of her generation developed confidence in ways they never
recognised at the time. It wasn’t about making huge decisions or aiming for
self-improvement—it was about tackling ordinary responsibilities, one step at a time, and
discovering in hindsight just how capable they had grown.
My Father’s Perspective
For my father, his experience with self-efficacy came through the demands of professional
life. Early in his career, he frequently doubted his own judgment on whether he was acting
morally. Unlike in an academic environment, where there were explicit rules, real-world
events demanded initiative and problem-solving without known answers. Learning to trust his
own judgment instead of continually looking for approval proved to be one of his toughest
difficulties. Concerned about making mistakes, he was at first hesitant to accept
responsibilities without total confidence. But he came to see over time that waiting to be
completely ready was not always feasible. He grew more at ease with uncertainty the more
obligations he accepted.
There wasn't one moment when everything changed—rather, each event added to his
confidence, making him more self-reliant over time. His experience is remarkable since, even
now, he does not regard himself as very confident. Rather, he sees self-efficacy as an always
increasing ability. Though experience shows people they are able to solve problems as they
arise, he thinks nobody ever reaches a point when they feel totally confident in themselves in
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every circumstance. Self-efficacy is really about having enough faith in yourself to start,
knowing you will find a way, not about knowing you can accomplish something in advance.
A Friend’ s Perspective
One close friend of mine struggled in a different manner: She had always felt at ease in
one-on-one talks, but public speaking was daunting. She could not avoid it as college
demanded her to participate in regular presentations and discussions. Her experience stood
out in that her self-efficacy changed following an activity rather than before.
Before taking part, she felt not very confident, but every time she pushed herself to help, she
found it to be more doable than she had thought. The uncertainty reduced with time not
because she grew brave but rather because she had developed proof she could manage it.
Looking back, she realised that self-efficacy is about acting despite uncertainty and
demonstrating to yourself that you can control rather than about always feeling ready. Her
experience is relevant since she still gets anxious before speaking, but now she trusts herself
enough to know she will manage it. She thinks that although many people view confidence as
something they must possess before trying something, in fact it develops with consistent
effort. She finds it simpler every time she shows up for class—not because she feels different
but rather because she is aware from experience that she is capable.
Though their backgrounds and experiences differ, a consistent thread ran across all three
interviews: self-efficacy is about showing to yourself, over time, that you can manage
problems, not about innate confidence. Often there is uncertainty along the road and it may
not always feel like self-belief in the moment. Still, every experience with uncertainty and
coming out on the other side builds a person's general sense of capacity. These discussions
made clear that self-efficacy emerges through experience, usually without awareness and is
not something one deliberately creates.
Whether in everyday obligations, professional obstacles, or personal anxieties, it becomes
evident only in retrospect, when looking back at circumstances formerly thought to be
overpowering but now appear absolutely controllable. Speaking with people at many phases
of life made it abundantly evident that self-efficacy is a continuing practice rather than a
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one-time accomplishment. Though every phase of life offers fresh difficulties, earlier events
give a basis to meet them. What seems difficult at one point typically becomes second nature
later, demonstrating that self-efficacy is created by action rather than by confidence.
Conclusion
What particularly struck me from these talks was how often self-efficacy develops without
people even noticing it. Self-efficacy is quieter than confidence, which is typically considered
as a visible quality; it is developed through experience rather than only attitude. Though they
all experienced uncertainty, my grandmother, father, and friend managed their difficulties
without necessarily labeling their behavior as indicators of strength. This let me recognise
that self-efficacy is about acting despite doubt rather than about eradicating it. One more
fascinating feature was how self-efficacy does not necessarily feel like a decision. It arose out
of need for my grandmother; for my father, it was a matter of professional survival; and for
my friend, it was a reaction to academic expectations. None of them deliberately worked to
"develop self-efficacy"—they just adjusted to what was expected of them.
This questions the conventional notion that says intentional self-improvement shapes
self-efficacy. More often than not, it develops quietly through exposure and repetition until
one day something that feels overpowering becomes second nature. Still another important
lesson was that self-efficacy is situational rather than absolute. Years of professional
experience notwithstanding, my father still has periods of uncertainty. Before any form of
public speaking, my friend still experiences anxiousness; my grandmother still faces certain
difficulties that she is unsure how to address. This runs against the theory that self-efficacy is
either something one possesses or does not. Rather, it varies depending on the situation and
reminds me that nobody is entirely confident.
The most important insight was perhaps that self-efficacy is sometimes observed just in
retrospect. In that moment, it feels more like simply getting through something than it does
strength. People only come to see their growth when they look back. This made me consider
how many spheres of my own life might reveal latent self-efficacy—activities I do now
without thinking twice that formerly seemed impossible. These discussions helped me to see
self-efficacy as an ongoing process rather than as a quality. It is not about never experiencing
uncertainty nor about looking for challenges just for personal development. Rather, it's about
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negotiating life as it presents, making little decisions in trying circumstances, and only
subsequently discovering one's own increasing capacity.
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References
1 Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.
Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. [Link]
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory.
Prentice-Hall.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W. H. Freeman.
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