Physics
Biology Paper 1 Topic 7 Specialised Answers
Cells
Relay Switches Transformers 2
1 • a current flows through the coil (of 1 • p.d. increased (by transformer at
the electromagnet) power station)
• a (magnetic) field is produced • so current decreases
• the (iron) arm/pivot is attracted to • this reduces energy / power loss (in
the electromagnet cables)
• the contacts are pushed together 2 details of construction:
• current flows in starter motor
• a (laminated) core
2 • current flows • core is made from a magnetic
• coil / core magnetised material / iron
• electromagnet activated / energised • 2 coils
/ turned on • the coils are made from an electrical
• attracts iron bar causing bolt to be conductor / copper
pulled out • the coils are covered in insulation
• the coils are on opposite sides
Transformers 1 • step-up transformer has more turns
on secondary coil than (its) primary
1 • iron
• step-down transformer has fewer
2 • Because it can be magnetised turns on secondary coil than its
3 • insulation prevents current flowing primary
through the iron core
• alternating current in the primary coil effect on input p.d.:
• produces a changing magnetic field step-up transformer, the output p.d. is
in the iron/core greater than the input p.d.
• then there is a field in the secondary step-down transformer, the output p.d. is
coil lower than the input p.d.
• induces an alternating potential
difference across the secondary coil
• alternating current/a.c. in the
secondary (coil)
4 • so the current does not flow through
the iron
Physics
Biology Paper 1 Topic 7 Specialised Answers
Cells
Transformer Equations 1 F=BxIxl
1 • 80 turns
2 • 5.8 (5.75) V
3 • 10 V
4 • 400 000 V
5 • 800 turns
Transformer Equations 2
9
1 • 1 800 V 10
11
2 • 2 000 V 12
3 • 150 turns 13
14
4 • 2 000 V 15
5 • 4A a) b) c)
6 a) 40 V
b) 2.5 A
DC Motor
The Motor Effect
1 • arrow pointing vertically downwards
1 • closing the switch makes a current flow
2 • the sides of the coil parallel to the
a through the wire
magnet experience a force in opposite
• the current creates a magnetic field
directions / the current creates a
around the wire
magnetic field
• this field interacts with the permanent
• the forces cause moments that act in
magnetic field
the same direction
1 • arrow drawn upwards from wire XY • the moments cause the coil to rotate or
b • each half-revolution the two halves of
2 • increase current the commutator swap from one carbon
• increase magnetic field strength brush to the other
• each half-revolution the commutator
3 • reverse direction current flows / battery reverses the current in the coil
polarity • keeping the forces in the same direction
• reverse direction of magnetic field / put keeping the coil rotating
magnet other way around
• increase number of turns of wire on coil
• increase speed of coil
• strengthen magnetic field
• increase area of coil
• reverse direction of magnetic field
• reverse direction current flows
• reverse polarity of battery
