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Pipelining in Computer Architecture

Pipelining enhances CPU performance by allowing simultaneous execution of multiple instructions, thus reducing overall program execution time without decreasing individual instruction execution time. It faces challenges such as structural, data, and control hazards, which can be mitigated through techniques like register forwarding and branch prediction. Both hardware and software pipelining are crucial in modern processors for optimizing instruction execution and loop performance.

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834 views13 pages

Pipelining in Computer Architecture

Pipelining enhances CPU performance by allowing simultaneous execution of multiple instructions, thus reducing overall program execution time without decreasing individual instruction execution time. It faces challenges such as structural, data, and control hazards, which can be mitigated through techniques like register forwarding and branch prediction. Both hardware and software pipelining are crucial in modern processors for optimizing instruction execution and loop performance.

Uploaded by

jmhh2187
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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"Pipelining in

Computer
Architecture"
A study on performance improvement in
instruction execution

- Siddhi , Chanthana , Medha ,


Sriparvathy
Introduction to Pipelining
Definition:
● Pipelining increases performance with simple hardware design changes.
● It enables parallel execution of multiple instructions.

Key Points:
● Does not reduce individual instruction execution time.
● Reduces overall program execution time.
● Works by overlapping instruction execution.
Pipelined vs. Non-Pipelined Execution
Working of Pipelining

Stages of Instruction Execution:


1. Instruction Fetch (IF)
2. Instruction Decode (ID)
3. Instruction Execution (IE)
4. Result Write (RW)

Concept: Multiple instructions move through these stages simultaneously like a pipeline.
Four-Stage Instruction Pipeline
Benefits of Pipelining

*Improves CPU speed.


*Increases instruction throughput.
*Efficient hardware utilization.
*Reduces idle CPU time.
*Works well for parallel processing.
Challenges in Pipelining
Hazards in Pipelining:
● Structural Hazards: Hardware resource conflicts.
● Data Hazards: Data dependencies between instructions.
● Control Hazards: Branching and instruction flow issues.
Solutions:
● Register forwarding, branch prediction, and pipeline stall techniques.
Performance Measures of Pipelining
…
Applications of Pipelining

Instruction-Level Parallelism: Faster execution of


multiple instructions.
Arithmetic Parallelism: Parallel execution of
computations.
Memory Access Optimization: Faster data retrieval
with burst modes.
Hardware pipelines
Hardware pipelining is a technique used in computer architecture to improve the
throughput of instruction execution. It breaks down a process into multiple stages,
allowing different parts of multiple instructions to be executed simultaneously. This
concept is widely used in modern processors, GPUs, and digital signal processing
(DSP) units.

Software pipelines
Software pipelining is a technique used in compilers to optimize loop execution
by overlapping different iterations of a loop. Unlike hardware pipelining, which
optimizes instruction execution at the processor level, software pipelining
reorganizes instructions in a loop to improve efficiency and throughput.
Conclusion

Pipelining significantly improves CPU


performance.
Reduces total execution time but introduces new
challenges.
Used extensively in modern processors.
.
.

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