Machine learning (ML) is a subset of AI that enables computers to learn patterns
from data and make predictions without explicit programming. It is classified into
three main types: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement
learning.
Supervised learning involves training a model on labeled data, such as classifying
emails as spam or non-spam. Common algorithms include decision trees, support
vector machines, and neural networks.
Unsupervised learning discovers hidden patterns in data without labeled outputs.
Clustering techniques like k-means and dimensionality reduction methods like PCA
fall under this category.
Reinforcement learning uses rewards and penalties to train agents, commonly applied
in robotics, gaming, and autonomous systems.
Advancements in ML have led to breakthroughs in speech recognition, recommendation
systems, and autonomous driving.