Uzbekistan, Grade 11, Religions of the World history, 2018

Review based on the topic bank, made by Shukhrat Yunusov

1. Table of contents
Page Chapters Brief description
4 Chapter 1. Creating secure and stable Ensuring the security is the most important issue. The role of interethnic concord in ensuring
environment in Uzbekistan the security and stability.
10 Chapter 2. Modern trends in religious Development history of the religious studies subject. New trends of religious sociology,
studies philosophy, psychology, phenomenology.
18 Chapter 3. State and religion relations Current state and religion relations. Legal fundamentals of state and religion relations.
23 Chapter 4. Religion and social life The role of a religion in the society. Social relations and religion. The social functions of a
religion.
30 Chapters 5-6. Central Asian religions The current status of the religions spread in Central Asia. The modern way of life of
Zoroastrian communities. “Awakening” movement in Tengriism (Tengrism) and its harmful
consequences.
34 Chapter 7. Sources of the world religions: The role of the sources of the world religions in formation of the culture of religious tolerance,
Buddhism and Christianity concord. Buddhism communities and literature in Uzbekistan. Christian communities.
Publication of the Bible in Uzbek.
38 Chapters 8-9. Islam in the 20th -21st International organizations founded with relation to the Islam religion, their role in combating
centuries (religious) fanaticism and terrorism. Uzbekistan’s membership in the international Islam
organizations.
43 Chapters 10-11. Movements and sects in Problem of international terrorism. Religious fanaticism roots. Modern fanaticism movements
the Islamic religion in the 20th -21st and their goals, ideological system.
centuries.
55 Chapters 12-13. The role of Uzbekistan in Uzbekistan’s national strategy in combating terrorism.
combating the international terrorism and Uzbekistan’s initiative on solving the Afghanistan problem.
extremism The role of Uzbekistan in ensuring the stability in Central Asia.
65 Chapters 14-15. A tariqa (order of Sufism) Tasawwuf (Sufism) doctrine in the 20th – 21st centuries.
in the 20th – 21st centuries The peculiarities of the deviated Sufi groups.
The difference between tasawwuf and false tariqas (orders).
72 Chapters 16-17. Religion and culture in the The role of a religion in the cultural life.
20th – 21st centuries Founding centers for Islamic civilization.
83 Chapters 18-19. Religious traditions and The meaning and essence of the concept “ceremony”.
ceremonies Transformational process of the national and religious ceremonies.
National values and religious traditions.
90 Chapters 20-21. Modern information Religion and cinematography. Religion and literature.
100 platforms and religion factor Virtual messengers and their use by various extremist movements.
Actions to prevent information attacks in Uzbekistan.
100 Chapters 22-23. Confessional picture of The meaning and essence of the concept of confession.
the world in the 20th -21st centuries Reasons for confessional changes in the world.
The current confessional picture of the world.
The inter-confessional relations in the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The Muslim Board of Uzbekistan.
112 Chapter 24. Missionary activities and The international missionary organizations in the 20th -21st centuries.
proselytism in the 20th -21st centuries Missionary activities as a weapon of geopolitical games.
The negative impact of missionary activities and proselytism on interethnic harmony and
religious tolerance.
120 Chapter 25. Culture of religious tolerance The need to form a culture of religious tolerance.
and interconfessional dialogue Religious in Media (Media) in Uzbekistan promotion of tolerance culture.
Publications and media appearances of religious organizations.
129 Chapter 26-27. Religious education in Historical roots of religious education in Uzbekistan.
Uzbekistan. Madrasas and seminaries operating in Uzbekistan.
138 Glossary Some terms interesting for the research like “extremism”, “fanaticism”, “fundamentalism”,
“Jihad” (martyrdom), “terrorism”, Judah, Yahweh

2. Analysis

Page Translation of the context: Screenshot Analysis

24-25 Allegedly, there are episodes where Khwaja Ahrar was an influencer, deeply
Khwaja Ahrar gave Prince Abdulatif a involved in the social, political and economic
fatwa saying, “your father is doing infidel activities of in the territory of the modern
activities and blasphemy" and "killing an Central Asia.
infidel leads to a great reward in Islam." In my opinion, its propaganda disseminated by
the current Uzbekistan government to
rehabilitate the religious leaders who had the
power to influence the rulers. Because the
 same political technology (method) is used
now by the government, the government does
not want to discredit the religious (Muslim)
administration, because the government uses
this political tool to govern the people.
I don’t believe that allegedly the richest person
in Central Asia was not involved in political
affairs of that time.
27 Religious beliefs get together its believers Christianity also does not demand you to be of
based on similar values and similar goals a certain nation. You can be Uzbek or Japanese
(e.g. we are Jews). You must be a Jew to to become a Christian. I feel discrimination
follow the Jewish religion. In comparison, towards the other religions and praising Islam
Islam requires compliance with belief in this context.
conditions, not related to a nation.
30 In Central Asia from ancient times there -
were Buddhism, Christianity, Islam. Also,
there were monism and Judaism.
36 The main source of the Christian religion, -
Bible consists of two parts called “Old
Testament” (Jewish “Tanakh”) and “New
Testament”.
 Fanaticism roots It goes back to that time, when Arabs fought
The roots of fanaticism go back to the for power among themselves.
Middle Ages. The first movement in Islam
emerged in 657 during the struggle
between Caliph Ali ibn Abu Talib (r.a.) and
the Umayyads.
45 They disbelieved Muslims who had It’s about the fight of the crown of the Arab
committed major sins (al-Kabirah) and khalifate in the 7th century.
waged armed jihad against them.
46 The specific features of extremist The paragraph describes the peculiarities of
organizations that associate themselves fanaticism movements, extremist organizations
with the name of Islam are as follows: which use Islam as a mask. In order to promote
- intolerant attitude towards secular state their own teachings, they declare some Islam
and society; scientists or mullahs as “infidels”, that they are
- rejecting the separation of religion from not teaching the right Islam, so that people
the state and forcing all members of society would not follow them, but follow the
to live according to Sharia requirements; fanaticism propagandists. In this way, they
- putting Islam against other societies of the remove their competitors or enemies.
world;
- not recognizing the independence and Since, fanaticism ideology includes putting
territorial integrity of countries, promoting counterfeit Islam above other cultures, it
the idea of building a single state, causes a threat to Israel.
"caliphate";
 - emphasizing actions aimed at derailing
socio-political stability in the state and
society in the way of their own goals;
- accusing Muslims, who did not follow
their ideas, of defamation, “infidelity”,
discrediting the Ulema who support the
traditional Islam, oppressing and even
killing them;
47 Along with continuation of failure to solve It is difficult to understand this part of the
the Arab-Israeli wars and Middle East lesson. In the beginning of the lesson it was
problem, Western countries’ active efforts about the characteristics of the terrorist
to place Middle East in their sphere of organizations and teachings. It seems the end
interests. of page 46 and the beginning 47 do not seem to
be related to each other.
47 Almost all extremist movement under the In Uzbekistan, fanaticism movements try to
Islamic mask have two principles: “takfir” win the audience by making the act of takfir,
(the practice of one Muslim declaring that is making the government’s Islamic
another Muslim a kafir, an infidel) and preachers’ voice unheard by their followers,
“Jihad” (martyrdom). Terrorism is referred declaring them untrue Muslims or serving to
to three points of view, that is: criminal the unreligious government. These outreach
activity, terrorist group and terrorist activities are conducted mostly through social
teaching in modern scientific circles. media platforms.
47 FOR INFORMATION Terrorist organizations using Islam as a mask
According to a research, more than two commit more terroristic acts like explosions.
hundred thousand people were killed and It’s an example of condemnation of terrorist
injured by terrorist attacks in Muslim attacks
countries over the past five years. Over the
past period, terrorism has caused damage in
the amount of 348 billion dollars to the
Muslim countries. Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan,
Pakistan, and Nigeria are the most affected
countries, with approximately 70% of
terror victims falling to these countries.
48 Such terrorist groups try to substantiate Terrorists and/or followers of fanaticism try to
their acts using Koran. use Koran as if the book supports their illegal
acts.
Some people follow fanaticism because of lack
of Islam and lack of legal knowledge, not
necessarily they are supporters of terrorism. It
means the government doesn’t provide enough
religious knowledge to the youth and adult
population.
48 According to the teachings of Islam, a This paragraph is an example of government’s
person who claims to be a Muslim should efforts to conduct a policy to bring up young
not harm other people either with his Muslims friendly (tolerant) towards the
tongue or his hands (physically). On the believers of other religions.
contrary, a Muslim should be concerned
about reforming and reconciling people
waging a war.
48 FOR INFORMATION Takfir is a method used by extremists to
Takfir is an accusation of apostasy, manipulate people. Followers of extremists,
infidelity. Takfir is used by extremists fanatics also accuse friendly Muslims that they
against Muslims themselves. The meaning are not true Muslims using the takfir method.
of Jihad from the dictionary is to spend all
energy and potential, strive to do Extremists preach that Muslims must overturn
something perfectly. In Islam, this word is the government and make an Islamic khalifate
also used to be applied regarding to the in Uzbekistan. But most people know that it’s
operations of people who defended their impossible in the current Uzbekistan.
people, country, and homeland against Extremists say that the government comes
invaders and rebels. from the former USSR and they are also
infidels like heads of state in the USSR time.

48 Do good to those who did not fight with This is another example of the government’s
you about religion and did not drive you policy on the inter-religious harmony.
out of your land, and Allah will not prevent
 you from being fair to them. Of course,
Allah loves fair people.
Holy Quran, Surah Mumtahana, verse 8
49 Counterfeit Salafis are promoting ideas like Description of a terrorist movement called
intolerance, terroristic acts aimed at counterfeit Salafis, who force old traditions
derailing stability. They try to create into the modern world for their benefits. The
conflicts on religious grounds among use of the word counterfeit is meant to signify
Muslims by poisoning the minds of the their pretending to belong to the Salaf,
youth. They accuse of blasphemy the law However, they are not (https://tariq-
enforcement officers who serve the state abdelhaleem.net/ar/uploads/attach/1522079503
and people. In 2007, they declared Salafis_total_book-V01_Eng1.pdf).
representatives of the Hanafi doctrine
living in Tajikistan to have “strayed” and ISIS has been is a threat to the world stability
Shiites to be “kafirs” (infidels). In 2009, and Uzbek government’s prestige. A decade
they organized attacks against several ago, a U.S. research informed that there are a
religious scholars in Uzbekistan. We see lot of (about a few thousand) Uzbek citizens in
that the ideas of this movement are the ranks of ISIS. Although, their main target
completely contrary to the teachings of was not re-entering Uzbekistan to overturn the
Islam. government.
ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant) There was another religious party called
is a terrorist organization founded as a “Islamic movement of Uzbekistan”. They
result of the union of radical groups wanted to overturn it.
 in Iraq in 2006. This organization joined Still joining of Uzbeks to ISIS is a problem to
the civil war in Syria in 2013. Their the world stability. There are groups banned in
activity is oriented at extermination of Uzbekistan and conducting their outreach
foreign military forces located in Iraq, the through social media platforms like YouTube
Iraqi military, citizens and buildings. to recruit. For example: @muhojirtactical
50 Creative activity (exercise) An example of the government’s condemning
Terrorism does not choose nationality or the terrorist activities.
religion. Syria yesterday and today.
Evaluate the situations in the pictures with
the content of the given text. Connect your
thoughts with the words "destruction of
land, destruction of crops and generations."
There is someone among people whose talk
about worldly life will be interesting to
you. He takes Allah as a witness to the
"faith" in his heart, even though he himself
is the fiercest enemy (of Islam).
When he leaves (you), he will be engaged
in making mischief and destruction of
crops and generations. And Allah does not
like intrigues.
Holy Quran, Surah Baqara, verses 204-205
51 All the people who opposed them, ISIS killed Muslims who were against them.
including the Muslims, were declared as
infidels and were killed.
51 The International Union of Muslim This is an example of discouraging and
Scholars wrote an open letter to ISIS and condemning the negative behavior and acts of
all its militants, in which it proved with terrorist organizations
evidence that ISIS is on the wrong path and
called on them to return from this path.
International organizations such as the
United Nations, the European Union, the
League of Arab States, the states like the
United States, Australia, Saudi Arabia, the
United Kingdom, and Indonesia have
declared ISIS a terrorist organization. They
repeatedly emphasized that it has
absolutely nothing to do with Islam.
58 ADDRESS OF ISLAMIC SCIENTISTS This is an example of a segment discouraging
terrorism or fanaticism.
OF UZBEKISTAN (2016)
Hey ISIS!!!
...
Because of you, people started to think that
Islam is a religion of murder and
wickedness!...
The deeds filled ditches with blood...
Children were orphaned, women were
widowed, and the elderly were left without
care!..
The tombs of the prophets, saints, scholars
were destroyed, mosques were blown up by
your hands!..
Schools, madrassas were destroyed by your
hands!..
So many factories and businesses were
closed because of you!..
The whole world laughed at Muslims
because of your deeds!..
Because of your ignorance, millions of
people were deprived of learning
knowledge!..
 How many hospitals have been closed, the
number of sick, disabled, cripples hava
increased by your hands!..
How many families have become homeless
because of you!..
We were labelled as "ignorant”,
“merciless”, “underdeveloped” because of
you!
73 Masjid al-Haram in Mekka, Masjid al- Wikipedia says that a mosque in (Eastern)
Nabawi in Medina, Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem is one of the three most famous
Jerusalem are considered the main mosques mosques in the Islamic world.
in Islam.

86 Prayer, considering Saturday as a sacred -

day, birth, attainment of majority, marriage
and burial ceremonies are important in
Judaism.
87 NATIONAL VALUES AND RELIGIOUS Religious traditions and traditions related to
TRADITIONS nationalities are conducted freely.
Сonducting religious ceremonies freely is
ensured in Uzbekistan, but laws and public
order should not be violated and the rights
of individuals and citizens should not be
affected. Regarding the attire, there used to be cases
when girls were not allowed to wear the long
88 All religions have rituals related to the Muslim clothes when going to school. It was
death of a person. Some religious people justified that a standard school uniform was
wear special clothes during these adopted. Now girls wear hijab to school, if
ceremonies. they want.
102 Orthodox Christian, evangelical Christian -
Baptist, Roman Catholic, Seventh-Day
Adventists, evangelical Lutheran, Jehovah's
Witnesses churches, religious organizations
like the Baháʼí Faith, Zoroastrianism,
Jewish religious teams are listed in
Tajikistan.
103 The Dome of the Rock (Qubbat aṣ-Ṣakhra) -
mosque, Christian church and Jewish
synagogue in Jerusalem
104 Confession: Judaism, number of followers: -
14 641 000, percentage ratio in comparison
to the population of the Earth: 0.2%

105 The inter-confessional relations in the -

Republic of Uzbekistan.
16 confessions carry out their activities in
the Republic of Uzbekistan as of December
2017. They are as follows:
- Judaism
125 Among more than 130 nationalities, there
are believers in Christianity, Judaism,
Buddhism and other confessions.

127 The concept of tolerance is not only Positive attitude. They try to educate students
spiritual duty, but also political and legal in tolerance to other religious followers.
need. Historic sources testify that from
ancient times there were religions with
complex ideological system like
Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Judaism,
 Christianity carried out their activities in
peace and friendship. The same situation
can be seen in the example of mutual
relations among Islam, Christianity, Jewish
religions and other confessions in the
current Uzbekistan.
127 A burial ceremony was passing near the Positive attitude. The Hadith story educates
prophet Mohammad. People said: “My Muslim students to respect Jewish people’s
prophet, this a Jewish person’ burial”. The traditions, nation, religion with the example of
prophet answered: “He is a human too”. A the prophet Mohammad, who is the example of
story from Imam Buhari’s Hadith. a perfect Muslim, and Muslims try to follow
his way as the benchmark.
138 Fanaticism is fundamentalism. Fanatic outlooks are widespread throughout
Uzbekistan because of lack of both worldly
and Islamic knowledge. For example,
condemnation of local ladies’ dressing openly.
It also has an impact on the right to speak a
mother tongue. There are 2-3 million Uzbek
citizens whose mother tongue is Russian.
Traditional Uzbeks tend to criticize their
speaking Russian, not Uzbek. I think, such
opinions come from fanatics.
139 Jihad (Arabic: "zealousness") is the use of Description of the counterfeit strategy of
all one's energy and potential to do fanatic organizations which disseminate among
something perfectly. In Islam, this word is their followers.
also used to refer to the practices of people
who defend their people, country, and
homeland against invaders and rebels.
Jihad does not mean waging war on
civilians, as today's extremist groups
interpret.
140 Fundamentalism (fanaticism) is Please see the comment on fanaticism.
considering one’s ide “correct”, not to
acknowledge people who think differently
and accusing them of incitement.
141 Yahudo, one of the children of the prophet Terms from the textbook glossary
Yakub. His descendants were called “Jews”
Yahweh, the only powerful deity according
to the Judaism doctrine