Assignment: PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
Clinical Psychology – Theoretical Models, Diagnosis, Psychopathology, and Treatment
Approaches
Master’s Degree, Second Year
Module: Psychopathology
Weighting: Based on Student Performance
Instructions:
• Word count: 2500–3000 words
• Use APA 7th edition referencing style
• Provide research-based evidence and case study analysis
• Include critical discussion and real-world examples
Section 1: Introduction
1. Define Clinical Psychology and explain its role in understanding and treating mental
disorders.
2. Discuss the historical development of clinical psychology, including key figures and
milestones.
3. Explain the importance of scientific research and evidence-based practice in
clinical psychology.
Section 2: Historical Perspectives and Theoretical Models of Psychopathology
4. Analyse the evolution of psychopathology, from supernatural explanations to
modern psychological models.
5. Compare and contrast major theoretical models of psychopathology:
o Biological Model (Neurochemical, genetic, brain structure)
o Psychodynamic Model (Freudian concepts, unconscious conflicts)
o Behavioral and Cognitive Models (CBT, conditioning theories)
o Humanistic and Existential Models (Self-actualization, personal meaning)
o Sociocultural Model (Cultural influences on mental illness)
Section 3: Classification and Diagnosis of Mental Disorders
6. Discuss the importance of classification systems in mental health, comparing:
o DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)
o ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases)
7. Critically evaluate the limitations and controversies in diagnostic classification (e.g.,
over pathologizing, cultural bias, reliability issues).
Section 4: Psychological Assessment Techniques
8. Explain key assessment techniques used in clinical psychology:
o Clinical Interviews (Structured vs. Unstructured)
o Psychological Testing (Projective vs. Objective tests)
o Behavioral Observations
9. Analyze the validity, reliability, and ethical considerations in psychological
assessments.
Section 5: Major Psychopathologies
A. Anxiety Disorders
10. Define and differentiate Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder,
Specific Phobias and Social Anxiety.
11. Discuss evidence-based treatments for anxiety disorders (e.g., CBT, medication,
exposure therapy).
B. Mood Disorders
12. Explain Depression (MDD, Dysthymia) and Bipolar Disorder (Type I & II).
13. Evaluate biological and psychological treatment options for mood disorders.
C. Psychotic Disorders
14. Define Schizophrenia and related disorders, including key symptoms and
diagnostic criteria.
15. Compare the effectiveness of antipsychotic medications vs. psychosocial
interventions.
D. Personality Disorders
16. Explain the classification of Cluster A, B, and C Personality Disorders.
17. Discuss the challenges in diagnosing and treating Borderline Personality Disorder
(BPD) and Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD).
E. Eating Disorders
18. Compare Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge-Eating Disorder,
focusing on causes and treatment.
19. Discuss the role of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and family-based therapy
(FBT) in eating disorders.
F. Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
20. Explain the biopsychosocial model of addiction.
G. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
22. Discuss PTSD symptoms, risk factors, and neurobiological mechanisms.
23. Evaluate prolonged exposure therapy, EMDR, and pharmacological treatments
for PTSD.
H. Neurodevelopmental Disorders
24. Define Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), ADHD, and Intellectual Disabilities.
25. Compare early intervention strategies for children vs. adults with
neurodevelopmental disorders.
Section 6: Treatment and Management Approaches
26. Evaluate the role of:
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
• Psychodynamic Therapy
• Humanistic and Existential Therapies
• Family and Group Therapy
28. Discuss the importance of multidisciplinary teams in mental health care.
Section 7: Critical Question (Choose ONE for in-depth analysis)
“To what extent is the DSM-5 classification system valid across different cultures,
and how does cultural bias affect the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders?”
OR
“Are psychological disorders primarily driven by biological factors, or do
environmental and social influences play a greater role? Critically discuss with
reference to current research.”
Section 9: Case Study Analysis
Case Study:
John, a 25-year-old male, presents with symptoms of persistent paranoia, auditory
hallucinations, and social withdrawal. He reports hearing voices that tell him negative
things about himself. His parents note that his behavior changed significantly after he
dropped out of university. John has no history of substance use but has a family history
of schizophrenia.
Questions for Analysis:
1. What differential diagnoses should be considered for John?
2. What assessment techniques would be useful in confirming his diagnosis?
3. Based on theoretical models, what are possible explanations for his symptoms?
4. What treatment approaches would be most effective for John? Discuss biological,
psychological, and social interventions.
5. How would you address cultural, ethical, and familial factors in John’s treatment
plan?
Marking Criteria:
Depth of Analysis & Critical Thinking (30%)
Use of Evidence-Based Research & Case Studies (25%)
Coherence, Structure, and Clarity (20%)
Ethical and Cultural Considerations (15%)
APA Referencing and Academic Writing (10%)
Final Notes:
This assignment is designed to test comprehensive knowledge, analytical skills, and
application of theory to practice.
Submission: 28th February 2025
