REINFORCED
CONCRETE
SLABS
Prepared by: Lec Algaj
Slab
In reinforced concrete constructions, slabs are constructed to provide flat surfaces usually
horizontal in building floors, roofs bridges and other types of structures.
The slab maybe supported by-
▪ Walls
▪ Reinforced concrete beams (usually cast monolithically)
▪ Structural steel beams
▪ Columns
TYPES OF SLABS
ONE-WAY SLAB
▪ Supported on two opposite sides or all the four sides.
▪ The structural action is one way
▪ Majority of the load (about 95% or more) is carried in the short
direction.
▪ For slabs supported on four sides, the ratio of long side to short
side is greater than or equal to 2
Fig: One way
slabs;(a)support
on 2 opposite
sides;(b)Support
on all the 4 sides
(a) (b)
Load Transfer of One-Way Slab
▪ Slab is supported on two
opposite sides only and it
bends or deflects in a
direction perpendicular to
the supporting edges
and structural action is
essentially one way.
Load Transfer of One-Way Slab
▪ Slab is supported on all the
four sides, and the ratio of
length to width is greater
than 2 and slab acts as one
way slab though support is
provided on all sides.
TWO-WAY SLAB
• Slab is supported on the four sides
• Ratio of the long side to short side is
less than 2
• Slab deflects in double curvature in
both directions
• Floor load is carried in two directions
to the four beams surrounding the
slab.
• Bending moments and deflections are
less than one way slabs.
TYPES OF TWO-WAY SLABS
FLAT SLABS
▪ Two-way slabs reinforced in
two direction that does not
have beams or girders
▪ Loads are directly
transferred to columns.
Flat Slab (cont...)
As there is no beam in flat slab, the columns tend to punch through the
slab which can be prevented by the following three methods.
1. Using a drop panel and column capital
2. Using a drop panel without column capital
3. Using a Column capital without drop panel
Flat Slab (cont...)
FLAT PLATE
• A two-way slab system
that rests directly on
columns and have no
beams.
• To prevent the punching
of the columns through
the slab, the thickness of
slab is increased or
special reinforcement is
used.
TWO-WAY RIBBED AND WAFFLE SLABS
• A two-way rib system contains ribs in both direction and voids
between the ribs. The ribs are supported by girders at four sides
that rest on columns,
• Sometimes fillers (hollow, light-weight or normal weight concrete)
are used in the voids between the ribs.. This is called a
hollow-block two-way ribbed system.
• A two-way rib system with voids between the ribs with the ribs
continuing in both directions without supporting beams and resting
directly on columns through solid panels is called a waffle slab
system
TWO-WAY RIBBED AND WAFFLE SLABS (cont..)
DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLAB
After applying uniform load to
the slab-
▪ Curvature and bending
moments are same in all
strips s spanning in short
direction.
▪ No curvature hence no
bending moment in the long
direction
DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLAB (cont..)
▪ For design, a unit strip of the
slab is cut at right angles to
the supports.
▪ The strip may be
considered and analyzed as a
rectangular beam having unit
width, depth equal to the slab
depth 'h' and span equal to
the distance between the
supports.
DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLAB (cont..)
▪ As, all the loads are
transferred to the supporting
beams, reinforcements are
placed at right angles to these
beams.
▪ Bars are placed in the other
direction to control shrinkage
and temperature cracking
DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLAB (cont..)
Design Specifications
Minimum thickness of non-prestressed one-way
slabs Type Thickness
Simply supported L/20
One end continuous L/24
Both ends continuous L/28
Cantilever L/10
• Above values are applicable for normal weight (145pcf) concrete using 60
grade reinforcement.
• For reinforcement having yield stress other than 60 ksi, the tabulated values
should be multiplied with 0.4+fy /100,000
• If thickness h < 6" --> upper round to nearest 0.25"
• If thickness h >= 6" --> upper round to nearest 0.5"
DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLAB (cont..)
Design Specifications
According to ACI 7.7.1 ,following min concrete cover is to be provided
a. Concrete not exposed to weather or in contact with ground:
• Larger than Ø 36 mm bar ----------------------------------------------- 4 cm
• Ø 36 mm and smaller bars ----------------------------------------------2 cm
b. Concrete exposed to weather or in contact with ground:
• Ø 19 mm and larger bars------------------------------------------------ 5 cm
• Ø 16 mm and smaller bars --------------------------------------------- 4 cm
c. Concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth ------ 7.5 cm
DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLAB (cont..)
Design Specifications
Reinforcements
• Typical reinforcement ratios range from about 0.004 to 0.008
• The main reinforcement spacing will be the lesser of three times the slab
thickness and 18 inch
• The minimum spacing 1.5 times the slab thickness to avoid the cost for bar
fabrication.
• Straight bar system may be used on the top and bottom of continuous slabs.
DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLAB (cont..)
Design Specifications
Temperature and shrinkage reinforcement
DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLAB (cont..)
Design Specifications
Temperature and shrinkage reinforcement
• Spacing of temperature and shrinkage reinforcement will not exceed 5 times
the slab thickness or 18 inch whichever is lower
• In no case the reinforcement ratio to be less than 0.0014
ACI MOMENT COEFFICIENTS
ACI MOMENT COEFFICIENTS
REINFORCEMENT DETAILING
