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Diabetes, or diabetes mellitus, is characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance, leading to symptoms like excessive thirst and urination. The disease can cause severe health complications and accounts for approximately 4.2 million deaths annually. The prevalence of diabetes has surged from 200 million in 1990 to 830 million in 2022, with type 2 diabetes being the most common form, affecting one in seven adults.

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21 views1 page

Untitled Document-2

Diabetes, or diabetes mellitus, is characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance, leading to symptoms like excessive thirst and urination. The disease can cause severe health complications and accounts for approximately 4.2 million deaths annually. The prevalence of diabetes has surged from 200 million in 1990 to 830 million in 2022, with type 2 diabetes being the most common form, affecting one in seven adults.

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HELLI
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is a group of common endocrine

[10][11]
diseasescharacterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. Diabetes is due to
either the pancreas not producing enough of the hormone insulin, or the cells of the
[12]
body becoming unresponsive to insulin's effects. Classic symptoms include
polydipsia(excessive thirst), polyuria (excessive urination), polyphagia (excessive
hunger), weight loss, and blurred vision. If left untreated, the disease can lead to
various health complications, including disorders of the cardiovascular system, eye,
[3]
kidney, and nerves. Diabetes accounts for approximately 4.2 million deaths every
[9]
year, with an estimated 1.5 million caused by either untreated or poorly treated
[10]
diabetes.

[13]
The major types of diabetes are type 1 and type 2. The most common treatment
for type 1 is insulin replacement therapy (insulin injections), while anti-diabetic
medications(such as metformin and semaglutide) and lifestyle modifications can be
used to manage type 2. Gestational diabetes, a form that arises during pregnancy in
some women, normally resolves shortly after delivery. Type 1 diabetes is an
autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks the beta cells in the
pancreas, preventing the production of insulin. This condition is typically present
from birth or develops early in life. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body becomes
resistant to insulin, meaning the cells do not respond effectively to it, and thus,
[14]
glucose remains in the bloodstream instead of being absorbed by the cells.
Additionally, diabetes can also result from other specific causes, such as genetic
conditions (monogenic diabetes syndromes like neonatal diabetes and
maturity-onset diabetes of the young), diseases affecting the pancreas (such as
pancreatitis), or the use of certain medications and chemicals (such as
[15]
glucocorticoids, other specific drugs and after organ transplantation).

The number of people diagnosed as living with diabetes has increased sharply in
[16][17]
recent decades, from 200 million in 1990 to 830 million by 2022. It affects one
in seven of the adult population, with type 2 diabetes accounting for more than 95%
of cases. These numbers have already risen beyond earlier projections of 783 million
[18]
adults by 2045. The prevalence of the disease continues to increase, most
[19]
dramatically in low- and middle-income nations. Rates are similar in women and
[20][21]
men, with diabetes being the seventh leading cause of death globally. The
global expenditure on diabetes-related healthcare is an estimated US$760 billion a
[22]
year.

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