1.

Course no

PGPPM 22

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Module Course Title Candidate Name Reg. No. Assignment No. Date of Dispatch Last date of receipt

M 56 PROJECT PLANNING & CONTROL G.S.VINOD VASAN 211-03-31-9250-2133 1

28 February 2012

ASSIGNMENT Identification of the project: Construction of a new international cricket facility outside a mega city. It should have the following facilities1. Capacity of spectators- 80,000 2. Play facility for- Day & Night play. 3. 6 directional T.V. camera platforms. 4. Safety of players from the spectators. 5. Pavilion for V.I.P with a seating capacity for 300. 6. Adequate parking space for all. Time available- 16 months inclusive of monsoon. Other details- Cost of construction is to be recovered in 5 years. The average cost per ticket will be Rs100/- & there will be 4 matches per season. Note- all figures taken for calculations are based on assumptions except those provided. All conditions are also assumed regarding the project execution & nature of work.

Stages in the development of the project: The life cycle of the project is tabulated as follows

Formulation stage
Project idea conception Feasibility studies Investment appraisal Project definition

Mobilization stage
Project preliminary plan Designs and drawings Specifications and contract finalization Resources mobilization and earmarking fund.

Construction stage
Planning and controlling execution Inducting resources Construction and commissioning Final handling over to the client

Formulation stage: Project idea conception In recent time due to the tight schedule of the cricket matches but due to the lack of stadium and facilities. Many schedules have been re-planned or the number of matches has been reduced. The main objective of the project is to construct an international cricket stadium with international standards. So that the entertainment value of the place may raise and the thirst for the sport lovers will also be satisfied Feasibility studies The first step in the development of a project is to analyze the needs of the client. The feasibility study evaluates project potential by examining technical feasibility, economic viability and financial implications. The feasibility report of an industrial project may include the following aspects: 1. 2. Proposed product features. Demand survey it includes prospective customers, consumption pattern, existing market, government policy, demand forecast and sale potential. 3. Technical studies which cover the production process selection, construction methodology, location study, power and local resources availability, means of transportation, scope of work, wastage disposal arrangement, construction cost estimates, preliminary time plan, resource forecasts, outline project organization, and statement of project time and cost objectives. 4. Financial implications It contains sales forecast, project budget, capital costs, profitability trend, payback period, net present worth, cash flow forecast, and sources of financing. 5. 6. Economic viability It highlights social implications and cost benefit analysis. Summary of recommendations. Investment appraisal Any project is to done on the expectation that the amount invested will be regained back to the owner within a specified period. In this assignment it is mentioned that the project cost should be regained within a period of 5 years (20 matches). So an estimate has to be made taking into account the entire expense and income met by the stadium, which is the project capital of the stadium. Thus the

estimated project capital should be such that the amount gained at the end of 5 years should produce some amount of profit for the owner of the stadium.

Project definition A new international cricket facility is to be constructed outside a mega city. It should have the following facilities1. Capacity of spectators- 80,000 2. Play facility for- Day & Night play. 3. T.V. camera platforms in 6 directions.

4. Safety of players from the spectators. 5. Pavilion for V.I.P with a capacity of 300. 6. Adequate parking space for all above. Time available- 16 months inclusive of monsoon. Other details- Cost of construction is to be recovered in 5 years. The average cost per ticket will be Rs100/- & there will be 4 matches per season. (Note- all figures taken for calculations are based on assumptions except those provided. All conditions are also assumed regarding the project execution & nature of work.) Stadium needs and standards: Based on the above technical available data the following proposal is made for the new stadium covering and area of 1,00,000 m2; capacity above 80,000; translucent fabric roof structures for shade over the stands; providing additional corporate boxes and air-conditioned accommodation;

Project duration calculation: The duration allotted as the specifications Number of days per month Number of Sundays per month Thus number of working days per month Thus number of weeks per month Allowed project duration = = = = = = = Loss of time due to monsoon = 16 months 30 4 26 4 16*4 64 weeks 4 weeks

Thus the project should be completed within 60 weeks

Project capital calculation

Calculation of the projected revenue to be earned by the stadium per match on full house: S.No Details INCOME Charges from Spectators Charges from VIP seats Advertisement Parking fees Stalls EXPENSES 1. 2. 3. Cleaning charges Facilities for players and VIP Other expenses (-) (-) (-) 25,000 25,000 25,000 82, 00,000 2500 20 10 2000 80,000 300 No Rate per no. Total

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

100 500

80, 00,000 1, 50,000 60,000 25,000 40,000

Total matches in one year Payback period in years

=4 =5

Thus the project capital should be such that the amount invested should be regained in a period of 5 years. Project cost = payback period * no of matches per year * income gained per match = 5*4*8200000 Project cost = Rs. 16, 40, 00,000 /- (on full house all the matches for 5 years)

It is evident that the stadium will not always be packed to its capacity. So considering an average of the tickets expected to be sold as to be a minimum of about 60%. Project capital = 60% of estimated project cost = 60% * 164000000 = 9, 84, 00,000 Project capital = Rs. 10, 00, 00,000/- (inclusive of all the other accidental expenses)

Work Breakdown Structure:

The planning of the stadium has to be split out into a lot of minor projects with more specific objectives within a specific time. Thus the breakdown structure is shown as below:

site preparation

installation of tower cranes

excavation of foundation

erection of steel columns

seating preparation for audience

construction of VIP cabins

placing of roof

installation of light tower and overlay tv

electrical and communicational connections establishment

dismantling of tower crane and other temporary structures

pitch preparation

The above flow chart is tabulated accordingly to their duration as in the following tabular column

Task A.

WORK DESCRIPTION Site preparation

DURATION (IN WEEKS) 2 4

Work detailing Cutting of shrubs and grass Grading of land to a specific level Mobilization of tower heist parts Erection of tower heist at specified points

B.

Installation of tower cranes

C.

Excavation of foundation Erection of steel columns

Excavated of specified points as per drawings Concreting the excavate fill Installation of steel columns on concrete filling Rising of the columns to the required height.

D.

E.

Construction of the parking plot Seating preparation for audience

Marking of the parking plot for the vehicles Fixing of the grillage Concreting of the step footing Fixing of the precast wooden panels on the footing Preparation of the entrance and exit walkway Construction of the rest room for the audiences. Installing of water lines Slab concreting Installing of panels Installing of balcony Installing of the rest room for the VIP Placing of the lines for AC, electrical and water lines. Fixing of the roof panels over the steel columns Bolting and fixing of the roof over the steel column and between the roof panels. Placing of the light frame over the steel column by the tower heist.

F.

14

G.

Construction of VIP cabins & players kit room

H. I.

Placing of roof Installation of light tower and overlay tv Electrical and communicational connections

4 4

J.

Installation of the DG for the stadium Technical assistant for the provision for the stadium Providing of the AC and electrical lining for the stadium

K. Dismantling of tower crane and other temporary structures L. pitch preparation Total duration

2 60 weeks

CPM chart:
The critical path diagram of the entire project is drawn below and the critical path is calculated as follows:

From the above flow diagram the lines of red shows the critical path of the project and the blue points denotes the milestones of the project. Thus the following are the declaration made by from the flow path

1. Critical path
A C D F H I J L

2. Earliest finish time: To find out the shortest path for the completion of the project the duration of the task along the critical path is to be summed up i.e,

Duration Task A C D F H I J L Critical duration

3. Milestones: The important milestones are 1. Erection of steel columns 2. Seating preparation for audience 3. Construction of VIP cabins & players kit room 4. Placing of roof 5. Pitch preparation.

(in weeks) 2 6 6 14 4 4 2 2 40 weeks

PROJECT WORK-BREAKDOWN LEVELS

The project work-breakdown process involves breaking down of the project work into manageable parts arranged in a hierarchical order till the desired level is reached. The work-breakdown levels are broadly categorized into five levels. These levels, arranged in a descending hierarchical order are given here Sub-project level Task level Work-package level Activity level Operations level Each level has certain features associated with it however, it may be noted that level categorization is a broad concept and at times their overlapping may become unavoidable. The work breakdown structure of a project forms the basis for listing of activities modification of systems, sorting data by hierarchy levels, structuring of work organization and managing similar-scope multiprojects.

Sub-projects Level
Dividing the project work into independent large-volume mini projects or task groups derives subprojects. For instance, in a housing project, each group of major works, which can progress in a systematic manner, without interference from other works, can be termed as a sub-project. The number of sub-projects in a project varies with the nature of the project. Each sub-project comprises one or more substantial work tasks. The sub-project level aids in identifying tasks.

Tasks Level
The project or sub-project work can be split up into various tasks. A task is an identifiable and deliverable major work. It is an entity in itself and can be performed without much interference from other tasks. A task is supported by its design package. Each task is assigned time and cost objectives and is provided with planned resources for accomplishing the task objectives. The task execution is entrusted to a task responsibility unit, headed by a manager or a senior engineer. Task level is used in the project-summary plan, the design-preparation plan and the contract-tendering plan.

Work-packages Level
A project task can be further subdivided into one or more -work packages. Each work package contains a sizeable, identifiable, measurable, costable and controllable package of work. In the project master plan or the contracted works-control plan, each work package is assignee! Its performance objectives. These are generally stated in terms of its completion period, standard cost, resource-productivity standards and the standard sale price. The measure of performance thus, gets closely linked with the execution of its work packages. Work packages form a common base for linking the key functions in project management. The workpackage concept leads to the simple-management theory of managing, designing, estimating, planning, organizing, directing, communicating and controlling, using these work packages as the base lines.

Activity Level
A work package can further be broken down into various identifiable jobs, operations and processes, which consume time and possibly, other resources and are necessary for its completion. Each one of this is called an activity. As an example, the various activities involved in the construction of foundation of a residential building are listed. The breaking down of a work package into its constituent activities requires a study of the methodology of execution of the work package. This methodology, generally known by the term method statement, is evolved by the concerned planning engineer using his construction experience and through his discussions with the respective project engineers.

Operations Level
An activity comprises one or more operations. Each operation contains a part of the work content of the activity. It generally has a particular type or a fixed group of resources associated with it. It is performed during the scheduled time duration of the activity. Some operations may start with the commencement of the activity, while others may take place during its time duration. In some situations, performance periods of operations may overlap. Operations are not considered during the network modeling and analysis stage except that the sum of the costs of operations equals the activity cost. They form the basis for allocation and scheduling of resources of each activity. A project planner uses activity as the common database for project planning. The activity duration forms the basis for time planning and scheduling of project work. Detailed information about resources such as men, materials and machinery needed for execution of each activity enables the preparation of resource forecasts. The activity sale price is used to determine the income; and cash-flow forecasts. The activity base is vital for monitoring the progress of the project work. The project will be phased into the following levels1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Foundation Work. Superstructure-Gallery-1 Superstructure-Gallery-2 Superstructure-Gallery-3 Sanitary & Plumbing works. Steel fabrication works. Wood & aluminum works. Electrical works. Painting works.

10. Commissioning of the facility.

Work Break-down methodology 1. First Phase- The foundation work will proceed from the commencement of the project after the site infrastructure has been made ready. In this phase only foundation work will proceed after layout has been given. 2. Second Phase- In the second phase the superstructure for gallery one will start. There will be no other work in this phase other than the completion of the superstructure with provision for concealed wiring. 3. Third Phase- In the third phase the construction for the superstructure of gallery two will start. During this period brickwork & plastering work will start for superstructure one along with provisions for concealed wiring & sanitary lines. 4. Fourth Phase- In this phase the superstructure work for gallery three will start along with brickwork & plastering for gallery two. Concealed wiring conduits to be laid in superstructure three & concealed wiring & sanitary provisions in superstructure two. Wood, aluminum & steel fabrication works to start in gallery one. 5. Fifth Phase- In this phase the brickwork & plaster to start in gallery three. Electrical & sanitary lines which are concealed to be placed in gallery three. Wood, aluminum & steel fabrication works to be done in gallery three. 6. Sixth Phase- In this phase wood, aluminum & steel fabrication works to be done in gallery three. Electrical wiring to be done in gallery one & gallery two. 7. Seventh Phase- In this phase the electrical wiring to be done in gallery two & painting work internal to be done in gallery one & two. 8. Eight Phase- In this phase painting work to be done in gallery three while electrical & sanitary fitting to be fixed into position in gallery one & two. 9. Ninth Phase- In this phase painting to be done on all external surfaces while electrical & sanitary fittings will be fixed in gallery three levels. All external connections of electrical & sanitary lines are to be connected in this phase. All glass fittings also to be done during this phase. 10. Tenth Phase- There will be commissioning of the entire facility during this phase & any corrections that need to be made will be done during this period. All lines electrical & sanitary are to be checked for its performance. Any defects detected during this will have to be corrected. After satisfactory performance of all the utilities will certificate will be provided for the facility to be put to use.

Completion and handover phase

The completion of the construction phase of the project includes certain follow-up actions necessary to ensure that the facility constructed functions satisfactorily. These are as follows. a) The post-completion maintenance is usually entrusted to an agency familiar with the construction. In most cases, the contractor responsible for construction is given this responsibility one year after completion; and this aspect is included in the scope of work of the contractor, b) A proper record of the operating instructions and as-built drawings is maintained. c) The staff and workers necessary for operating and maintaining the facility are trained prior to its taking over. d) The site is cleared of the left-outs of the construction and unwanted materials. e) The client fully safeguards his interests prior to rendering the completion certificate to the contractor, and also before making the final payments.

Conclusions:
1. The data that has been used in the project planning & sequencing has been taken from earlier projects or assumed as per the situation. 2. There will be variances in the planning & execution since the ground situation & the planning assumptions have certain conflicts. 3. 4. The variances are to be carefully monitored during the project execution & corrected. There have been lag periods provided to take care of contingencies that are bound to arise like stoppage of work due to rains, labor problems etc. 5. Foundations have been planned in a way to complete it before the monsoons so that when the monsoons arrive it will be indoor work mainly & will not hamper work schedules much. 6. Structure has been given the primary focal point of construction so that the rest of the sequences can operate together in the later phases. 7. Supply chain management & HR management to co-ordinate in a manner so that the production process remains unhampered.