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Version 5.0, updated on January 15, 2025

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• Introduction
• User Interface
◦ Toolbar Buttons
◦ Modifying User Interface
• Circuit Management
◦ Creating New Circuits
◦ Saving Circuits
◦ Opening Circuits
◦ Downloading Circuits
◦ Properties of Circuits
• Elements
• Labels
◦ Output labels
◦ Indicators
• Inserting Elements
◦ Drawing Wires

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• Selecting Elements
◦ Select Element
◦ Deselect Element
◦ Select All Elements
◦ Select Label
• Moving Elements and Labels
◦ Moving Elements
◦ Moving Labels
• Editing Elements
◦ Properties Button
◦ Element Properties Menu
◦ Label Properties Dialog
◦ Toolbar Commands
◦ Tools Commands
◦ Quick Show Button
• Creating custom elements and subcircuits
◦ Symbol
◦ Subcircuit
◦ Picture
• Switching Switches
• Undo and Redo
◦ Undo
◦ Redo
• Simulation
◦ Running Simulation
• Export/Import and Screenshots
◦ Export/Import Dialog
◦ Screenshots
• View menu
• App Settings
• Interactive Book
• Calc & Info
◦ Calculators
◦ Connectors
◦ Resources
• Third party software

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Electric Circuit Studio (ECStudio) is a set of tools used for building electronic
circuits, SPICE simulation, and calculation of circuits. These tools are
complemented by the information center containing resources, connector pinouts
and interactive book explaining basic electrical theorems, laws and circuits. It is a
useful application for all electronics hobbyists, students, or other people with an
interest in electronics.

Schematic editor and SPICE simulator allow easy creation of circuit diagrams and
SPICE analysis of the created circuits. ECStudio simulator is focused on visual
representation of simulated results, such that simulated voltages and currents
can be placed elsewhere in the circuit, as a text or graph. Moreover, the
magnitude and polarity of voltages and currents can be represented by visual
indicators, so you can check the results quickly. All results can be additionally
displayed on the top plot, where they can be explored using two cursors.

DC, AC and Transient analyses are supported. The simulation can be run
repeatedly (in Transient analysis) and results can be displayed consecutively with
a user controlled speed (in all analysis types), or all simulation results are
displayed immediately. When the results are shown consecutively, you can control
parameters of circuit elements by the seek bar and see the change of results in
real time.

The application supports two modes: Normal and Restricted. The Restricted
mode differs from the Normal mode in that the size of the drawing canvas is
restricted to the size of the circuit, elements cannot be inserted, moved, rotated,
flipped or deleted, and the undo, redo, saving and opening circuits are not
allowed. This mode is intended to be used only for simulation of circuits.

The application uses the internal directory to store circuits, logs and other files.
This directory will retain its contents after upgrading the app. However, the
directory will be removed when you will uninstall the app. Use Export/Import tool
to backup your files (circuits), e.g. in Google Drive.

The app internally uses industry standard SPICE program of version 3 (or its
successor - ngspice). If you will encounter any issue with the simulation, you can
try to do steps valid for this SPICE program explained for example in the Lessons
in Electric Circuits: Volume V - Reference book, page 81.
To resolve the "Timestep too small" issue in Transient analysis, you can try these
steps:
- Increase the Tmax divider in .

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- Decrease the simulation interval (Stop - Start) and/or increase the value of
Points in .
- Check "Force Gear integration" in .
- Uncheck "Use initial conditions" in .
- Increase "Absolute tolerance" in .
- Increase Output capacitances of flip-flops, if any.
- Increase Rise and Fall times of pulsed sources (Vpulse), if any.
- There are numerous forums about electronics and SPICE simulation.

Basic user interface of the application consists of the Action bar, Toolbar, Element
bar, Plot window, Menu, and Drawing canvas. The Menu can be opened by tapping
the Overflow icon:

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Properties

Quick Show V or I

Run/Stop

Delete

Rotate Clockwise

Flip Horizontally

Undo

Redo

Bring to Front

Send to Back

Cut

Copy

Paste

Select

Select All

Reset View

Screenshot

Previous Page

Next Page

To modify the user interface, you can use the following commands.

To scale the Drawing canvas to fit the whole circuit, tap the Reset View button
from the Toolbar.

The Drawing canvas can be reduced or enlarged with a double-tap (if applicable)

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or a two-finger spread gesture.

If the item from the Menu is checked, the view will be scaled to
fit the whole circuit and the application will be switched to the Restricted mode.

If the item from the Menu is checked, the Plot window will be
displayed after the start of simulation. This window can be hid immediately by a
fling gesture.

If the item from the Menu is checked, the Element bar will be
shown on the bottom.

Circuits used in ECStudio are located in the internal directory.

Choose from the Menu. This opens an empty document in the

Normal mode.

Use from the Menu to save the current circuit to the .

Use from the Menu to save the current circuit with a different file name
to the .

Use from the Menu to show dialog, allowing you to find

a desired file and tap on its name. Or you can use to open a bookmark
file. In the dialog you can delete, rename or bookmark (add to
favorites) a file using the long tap gesture. There is also a search form to quickly
search for a file.

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Use from the Menu to show window, allowing you

to download a circuit from our web page. After tapping a circuit's screenshot in
the window, the circuit is downloaded to the internal temporary directory. The
circuit can then be saved to the directory using the or
from the Menu.

Choose from the Menu to show dialog,

allowing you to change various settings of the current circuit.

Enter a single-line title text.

Enter a description text. This text is visible in dialog.

The parameters of the Transient analysis are described in this video on YouTube.

Start time for the Transient analysis.

Stop time for the Transient analysis.

The number of points for the Transient analysis. It can be from 20 to 5000.

If checked, the simulator uses the initial values of appropriate elements entered
using an extra parameter (IC=...) as the initial conditions in the Transient analysis.

If checked and the circuit contains Vsin and/or Vpulse sources, the start and stop
times are calculated automatically from the periods of these sources.

The above Transient analysis parameters can be changed by a horizontal pinch

gesture on the Plot window in the Continuous mode of simulation.

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Start voltage for the DC analysis.

Stop voltage for the DC analysis.

Step voltage for the DC analysis.

Select a name of the independent voltage source to be swept.

Start frequency for the AC analysis.

Stop frequency for the AC analysis.

The number of points for the AC analysis. It can be from 1 to 10000.

Select a type of the x-axis. The LIN type makes the x-axis to be divided linearly.
The DEC and OCT makes the x-axis to be divided logarithmically (by decades or
octaves).

Select a type of the analysis for the simulation. The most common analysis is the
Transient analysis, which calculates (instantaneous) voltages and currents of the
circuit as a function of time.

In the AC analysis, the frequency of sinusoidal voltage sources (Vsin) is swept

over a user-specified range. The magnitude, real value, imaginary value and phase
of (small-signal) voltages and currents are then calculated as a function of
frequency. It follows that at least one sinusoidal voltage source is required for a
meaningful AC analysis. Further, only Amplitude and Phase parameters of this
source are used in the AC analysis.

In the DC analysis, a chosen DC voltage source is swept from the Start voltage to
the Stop voltage in increments of the Step voltage. DC voltages and currents of
the circuit are then calculated for each value of the sweep. It follows that at least
one DC voltage source is required in the DC analysis.

In the DC and Transient analyses, only Real (instantaneous) number types can be

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used.

If checked, the simulated voltages (and inductor currents) of the circuit will be
preserved when changing a parameter value or when toggling a switch (or
switchable source) in the Continuous mode of Transient analysis, regardless of
the Preserve voltages app setting.

If checked, the SPICE integration method will be Gear, regardless of the

Integration method app setting. Use this integration method, if you have problems
with the convergence. The method is especially useful for circuits containing
positive feedbacks, e.g. astable and monostable multivibrators.

Adds gridlines to the X and Y axes of the circuit.

Displays dialog to set the color of gridlines.

Shows pin numbers of selected elements.

Displays dialog to set the color of pin numbers and label texts of
newly created elements.

Displays dialog to set the color of Drawing Canvas.

Sets the color of Plot window.

Sets the color of texts and lines of the Plot window.

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Sets the color of label border.

Displays dialog to set the color of various control elements

(scrollbars, cursor lines, etc.).

Sets the color of wires and circuit junctions.

Sets the width of element's lines. It can be between 0.2 and 20.

Sets the color of element's lines (excluding wires).

Sets the width of graph lines. It can be between 1 and 10.

Sets the minimum relative size of current and voltage indicators. It can be
between 0 and 1.

Sets the maximum absolute size of current (width) and voltage (radius) indicators
in pixels. It can be between 1 and 100.

Sets margins of all labels except Output labels.

Sets margins of all Textbox elements.

Displays IEC-style symbols.

Controls the precision of numerical results in the Output labels as well as in the

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Plot window. It can be from 2 to 10. The precision of results in the Plot window
will be + 1.

Resets properties of the current circuit to the default values, except for Title and
Description.

Each element can have attached several labels:

These labels are used to display simulation results, parameters of elements, or

some text. When you move an element, its labels also move, but labels can be
moved or rotated independently of elements. By rotating or flipping an element
you can reset the position and rotation of the element's labels.

Labels can be of four types: Parameter labels, Text labels, Output labels, and
Designation labels. Parameter labels are used to control the main parameter of
elements. Text labels can be used only for showing a text. Output labels allow to
display plots, indicators, graphs and numerical values of corresponding variables
(voltages or currents). And finally, designation labels are used to mark elements.

An Output label is always attached to a variable of the circuit. This variable can be
a voltage, voltage drop or current. In the case of the voltage or current, the Output
label belongs to one pin of the element and one node of the circuit. As the voltage

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drop is always determined between two points of the circuit, the Output label
attached to a voltage drop belongs to two pins of the element and two nodes of
the circuit.

The numerical value and graph of a variable attached to the Output label are
displayed inside the label. The graph of a variable can be shown also in the Plot
window, while a graphical representation (indicator) of the numerical value can be
drawn in the element. The type of the variable, pin and node numbers pertaining
to the Output label are shown in the top line of the . Before
simulation, Output labels contain a text, which show a type of the variable (
for voltage or voltage drop and for current) and the pin numbers, for which
the labels will display the variable values or graphs.

In the case of the voltage drop variable, the label belonging to this variable will
display the voltage drop (difference) between two pins of the element. The
numerical value displayed in the label is an absolute value, as the direction (sign)
of the voltage is shown by an appropriate indicator:

In the case of the voltage variable, the label belonging to this variable will display
the voltage between the pin of the element and the ground:

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And in the case of the current variable, the label will display the current flowing to
the pin of the element. The numerical value displayed in the label is an absolute
value, as the current direction (sign) is shown by an appropriate indicator:

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Indicators are used for visual representation of simulated results. They are of
three types: current indicators, voltage indicators, and voltage drop indicators.

Current indicators are drawn as colored arrows inside elements, which show the
direction of the current through elements (in the Transient and DC analyses) or
the sign of current (in the AC analysis). The width of arrows represents a relative
magnitude of the current.

Voltage indicators are drawn as colored circles around the appropriate pin. The
radius of a circle represents a relative magnitude of the voltage.

Voltage drop indicators are drawn as colored line arrows between appropriate
pins. The length of an arrow represents a relative magnitude of the voltage drop.
The line arrow also shows the direction of the voltage drop in the Transient and

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DC analyses, or the sign of drop in the AC analysis (see the example below).

The picture above shows imaginary values of voltages across three elements in a
simple circuit. As the voltage across the capacitor C3 points from pin 2 to pin 1
(blue arrow), which is the opposite direction comparing to its default direction, the
value of this voltage is considered as negative. This corresponds to the negative
value displayed on the top Plot window.

The phase type of a variable (no matter it is current or voltage) in the AC analysis
is considered as a separated type of the variable for the purpose of calculation of
relative magnitude. The relative magnitude of a variable is the ratio of the
absolute value of the variable to the maximum absolute value of all active
variables of the same type (current, voltage or phase). This maximum value is
calculated through the whole simulation interval.

An Output label is active, if it has at least one of these options checked in the
: Show value, Show graph, Show indicator, Show plot. The
variable belonging to the active label is also considered as active.

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The Element bar on the bottom of screen allows inserting these elements:

Wire
See Drawing Wires.

Ground (Gnd)

Resistor

Resistance Resistance in Ohms

Capacitor

Capacitance Capacitance in Farads

The Extra parameter (IC=<volts>V) sets the initial (time = 0)

value of capacitor voltage. Note that the initial conditions apply
Extra
only if the is checked on the
dialog.

Polarized capacitor

Capacitance Capacitance in Farads

The Extra parameter (IC=<volts>V) sets the initial (time = 0)

value of capacitor voltage. Note that the initial conditions apply
Extra
only if the is checked on the
dialog.

Inductor

Inductance Inductance in Henries

Extra The Extra parameter (IC=<amps>A) sets the initial (time = 0) value
of inductor current that flows from pin 1, through the inductor, to

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pin 2. Note that the initial conditions apply only if the

is checked on the dialog.

DC voltage source

DC voltage of the source in the DC and Transient analyses. In the

Voltage
AC analysis, this source is a short circuit.

Pulse voltage source (Vpulse)

A voltage source usable in the Transient analysis. In the AC and DC analyses,
this source is a short circuit. A single pulse of this source is described by the
following table:

0 Initial
Delay Initial
Delay + Rise Pulsed
Delay + Rise + Width Pulsed
Delay + Rise + Width + Fall Initial
Period + Delay Initial

Note: If Rise and Fall times are 0, they will be set to the timestep, which is
defined as (Stop - Start) / (Points - 1).

Sinusoidal voltage source (Vsin)

In the AC analysis, only Amplitude and Phase parameters of this source are
used. In the Transient analysis, all parameters are used, and the Phase then
represents the delay of the voltage.

DC current source

DC current of the source in the DC and Transient analyses. In the

Current
AC analysis, this source is an open circuit.

Single-line text (Textbox)

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Picture
Displays a Picture Selection window allowing to insert a jpg or png picture to the
circuit. The maximum size of the picture is 1600x1600 pixels.

The name of the picture. Tapping this name will display the Picture
File
Selection window.

Shift in x The horizontal shift from the grid of the unrotated Picture element.

Shift in y The vertical shift from the grid of the unrotated Picture element.

Diode
For description of the diode's main parameters (Saturation current, Ohmic-series
resistance, Emission coefficient, Transit time, Junction capacitance), see here.

The Extra parameter (IC=<volts>) sets the initial voltage of the

Extra diode. Note that the initial conditions apply only if the
is checked on the dialog.

Model The filename of the diode model. See here.

Zener diode
For description of the diode's main parameters (Breakdown voltage, Saturation
current, Ohmic-series resistance, Emission coefficient, Transit time, Junction
capacitance), see here.

The Extra parameter (IC=<volts>) sets the initial voltage of the

Extra diode. Note that the initial conditions apply only if the
is checked on the dialog.

Model The filename of the diode model. See here.

LED diode
For description of the diode's main parameters (Saturation current, Ohmic-series
resistance, Emission coefficient, Transit time, Junction capacitance), see here.
The LED diode is presented also in this video on YouTube (time 14:20).

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Displays the dialog for selection of the color of LED effects.

Color of
When the button is tapped in this dialog, the color of the
effects
LED's effects will be the same as the color of the LED's current.

The Extra parameter (IC=<volts>) sets the initial voltage of the

Extra diode. Note that the initial conditions apply only if the
is checked on the dialog.

Model The filename of the diode model. See here.

Disable LED
The app level setting, see it here.
break

Automatic
The app level setting, see it here.
lighting

NPN transistor
For description of the transistors's main parameters (Saturation current IS,
Forward beta BF, Reverse beta BR, Forward transit time TF, Reverse transit time
TR, Base resistance RB, Emitter resistance RE, Collector resistance RC), see
Wikipedia and SPICE documentation.

The Extra parameter (IC=<VBE>, <VCE>) sets the initial voltages

(VBE and VCE) of the transistor. Note that the initial conditions
Extra
apply only if the is checked on the
dialog.

Model The filename of the transistor model. See here.

The default values of parameters, when no model is selected:

Transport saturation current IS 20 fA

Ideal maximum forward beta BF 100

Forward current emission coefficient NF 1.0

Forward Early voltage VAF infinite

Corner for forward beta high current roll-off IKF infinite

B-E leakage saturation current ISE 0

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B-E leakage emission coefficient NE 1.5

Ideal maximum reverse beta BR 1

Reverse current emission coefficient NR 1

Reverse Early voltage VAR infinite

Corner for reverse beta high current roll-off IKR infinite

Leakage saturation current ISC 0

Leakage emission coefficient NC 2

Zero bias base resistance RB 0.2 Ω

Current where base resistance falls halfway to its min value IRB infinite

Minimum base resistance at high currents RBM RB

Emitter resistance RE 0

Collector resistance RC 0.2 Ω

B-E zero-bias depletion capacitance CJE 20 pF

B-E built-in potential VJE 0.75 V

B-E junction exponential factor MJE 0.33

Ideal forward transit time TF 0.5 ns

Coefficient for bias dependence of TF - XTF 0

Voltage describing VBC dependence of TF - VTF infinite

High-current parameter for effect on TF - ITF 0

Excess phase at freq=1.0/(TF*2PI) Hz - PTF 0

B-C zero-bias depletion capacitance CJC 15 pF

B-C built-in potential VJC 0.75 V

B-C junction exponential factor MJC 0.33

Fraction of B-C depletion capacitance connected to internal base node

1
XCJC

Ideal reverse transit time TR 10 ns

Zero-bias collector-substrate capacitance CJS 0

Substrate junction built-in potential VJS 0.75 V

Substrate junction exponential factor MJS 0

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Forward and reverse beta temperature exponent XTB 0

1.11
Energy gap for temperature effect on IS - EG
eV

Temperature exponent for effect on IS - XTI 3

Flicker-noise coefficient KF 0

Flicker-noise exponent AF 1

Coefficient for forward-bias depletion capacitance formula FC 0.5

Parameter measurement temperature TNOM 27 °C

PNP transistor
For description of the transistors's main parameters (Saturation current IS,
Forward beta BF, Reverse beta BR, Forward transit time TF, Reverse transit time
TR, Base resistance RB, Emitter resistance RE, Collector resistance RC), see
Wikipedia and SPICE documentation.

The Extra parameter (IC=<VBE>, <VCE>) sets the initial voltages

(VBE and VCE) of the transistor. Note that the initial conditions
Extra
apply only if the is checked on the
dialog.

Model The filename of the transistor model. See here.

The default values of parameters, when no model is selected, are the same as
for NPN transistor.

NMOS transistor

Zero-bias threshold voltage (VTO). VTO is positive for

Treshold voltage enhancement mode and negative for depletion mode N-
channel MOS transistors. See Wikipedia.

Transconductance Transconductance parameter (KP).

Lambda Channel-length modulation. See Wikipedia.

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The Extra parameter (IC=<VDS>, <VGS>, <VBS>) sets the

initial voltages (VDS, VGS and VBS) of the transistor. Note
Extra
that the initial conditions apply only if the
is checked on the dialog.

Model The filename of the transistor model. See here.

PMOS transistor

Zero-bias threshold voltage (VTO). VTO is negative for

Treshold voltage enhancement mode and positive for depletion mode P-
channel MOS transistors. See Wikipedia.

Transconductance Transconductance parameter (KP).

Lambda Channel-length modulation. See Wikipedia.

The Extra parameter (IC=<VDS>, <VGS>, <VBS>) sets the

initial voltages (VDS, VGS and VBS) of the transistor. Note
Extra
that the initial conditions apply only if the
is checked on the dialog.

Model The filename of the transistor model. See here.

NJFET transistor

Treshold voltage Threshold voltage (VTO), see Wikipedia.

Transconductance Transconductance parameter (BETA).

Channel-length Channel-length modulation (LAMBDA), determines the

modulation output conductance. See Wikipedia.

Drain resistance Drain ohmic resistance

Source resistance Source ohmic resistance

The Extra parameter (IC=<VDS>, <VGS>) sets the initial

voltages (VDS and VGS) of the transistor. Note that the
Extra
initial conditions apply only if the is
checked on the dialog.

Model The filename of the transistor model. See here.

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PJFET transistor

Treshold voltage Threshold voltage (VTO), see Wikipedia.

Transconductance Transconductance parameter (BETA).

Channel-length Channel-length modulation (LAMBDA), determines the

modulation output conductance. See Wikipedia.

Drain resistance Drain ohmic resistance

Source resistance Source ohmic resistance

The Extra parameter (IC=<VDS>, <VGS>) sets the initial

voltages (VDS and VGS) of the transistor. Note that the
Extra
initial conditions apply only if the is
checked on the dialog.

Model The filename of the transistor model. See here.

NOT logic gate

VCC Power supply voltage

Threshold voltage Threshold voltage of the gate's input

Output capacitance Parallel capacitance placed at the gate's output

The output current is limited by a 200 Ω resistor.

AND logic gate

VCC Power supply voltage

Threshold voltage Threshold voltage of both inputs of the gate

Output capacitance Parallel capacitance placed at the gate's output

The output current is limited by a 200 Ω resistor.

NAND logic gate

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The internal schematic of the NAND gate is here.

VCC Power supply voltage

Threshold voltage Threshold voltage of both inputs of the gate

Output capacitance Parallel capacitance placed at the gate's output

The output current is limited by a 200 Ω resistor.

OR logic gate

VCC Power supply voltage

Threshold voltage Threshold voltage of both inputs of the gate

Output capacitance Parallel capacitance placed at the gate's output

The output current is limited by a 200 Ω resistor.

NOR logic gate

VCC Power supply voltage

Threshold voltage Threshold voltage of both inputs of the gate

Output capacitance Parallel capacitance placed at the gate's output

The output current is limited by a 200 Ω resistor.

XOR logic gate

VCC Power supply voltage

Threshold voltage Threshold voltage of both inputs of the gate

Output capacitance Parallel capacitance placed at the gate's output

The output current is limited by a 200 Ω resistor.

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XNOR logic gate

VCC Power supply voltage

Threshold voltage Threshold voltage of both inputs of the gate

Output capacitance Parallel capacitance placed at the gate's output

The output current is limited by a 200 Ω resistor.

SR latch

VCC Power supply voltage

Threshold voltage Threshold voltage of both inputs of the latch

Output capacitance Parallel capacitance placed at the latch's Q output

Inverted output Parallel capacitance placed at the latch's inverted

capacitance output

The output current is limited by a 200 Ω resistor.

D flip-flop

VCC Power supply voltage

Threshold voltage Threshold voltage of both inputs of the flip-flop

Parallel capacitance placed at the flip-flop's Q

Output capacitance
output

Inverted output Parallel capacitance placed at the flip-flop's

capacitance inverted output

The output current is limited by a 200 Ω resistor.

T flip-flop
The flip-flop realized using the master-slave JK flip-flop with K equal to J.

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VCC Power supply voltage

Threshold voltage Threshold voltage of both inputs of the flip-flop

Parallel capacitance placed at the flip-flop's Q

Output capacitance
output

Inverted output Parallel capacitance placed at the flip-flop's

capacitance inverted output

The output current is limited by a 200 Ω resistor.

JK flip-flop
The master-slave JK flip-flop. Its logic diagram can be found here.

VCC Power supply voltage

Threshold voltage Threshold voltage of all inputs of the flip-flop

Parallel capacitance placed at the flip-flop's Q

Output capacitance
output

Inverted output Parallel capacitance placed at the flip-flop's

capacitance inverted output

The output current is limited by a 200 Ω resistor.

Advanced operational amplifier

Gain of the VCCS (2nd) stage. DC voltage gain (neglecting

Transconductance voltage limiting) is defined as *
.

The value of resistance (1st stage) placed between two

Input resistance
inputs of the element.

The value of resistance of the filter (3rd) stage. DC voltage

Filter resistance gain (neglecting voltage limiting) is defined as
* .

Filter capacitance The value of capacitance of the filter (3rd) stage.

Output resistance The value of resistance placed at the element' output.

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+ supply voltage Positive power supply voltage.

- supply voltage Negative power supply voltage.

555 timer
The output current is limited by a 100 Ω resistor.

LM317

LM337

7805

7905

Voltage controlled voltage source (VCVS)

Gain Voltage gain

Voltage controlled current source (VCCS)

Transconductance Transconductance

Current controlled voltage source (CCVS)

Transresistance Transresistance

Current controlled current source (CCCS)

Gain Current gain

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Potentiometer 1

Resistance Resistance between end pins of the potentiometer

Wiper position Relative position of the middle pin

Potentiometer 2

Resistance Resistance between end pins of the potentiometer

Wiper position Relative position of the middle pin

Transformer

Coupling Coupling coefficient, see Wikipedia.

Primary inductance Inductance of the primary winding (pins 1 and 2)

Secondary inductance Inductance of the secondary winding (pins 3 and 4)

Switch SPST

Switch SPDT

Open push-button

Closed push-button

Relay SPST
The relay's coil is polarized, and the current must flow from the upper terminal
(+) to the lower one (of unrotated element) to be able to close the contacts.

Threshold voltage Threshold voltage of the control coil

Hysteresis voltage Hysteresis voltage of the control coil

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On resistance Resistance between closed contacts

Off resistance Resistance between open contacts

Coil resistance Resistance of the control coil

Coil inductance Inductance of the control coil

Relay SPDT
The relay's coil is polarized, and the current must flow from the upper terminal
(+) to the lower one (of unrotated element) to be able to close the contacts.

Threshold voltage Threshold voltage of the control coil

On resistance 1 Resistance between closed first pair of contacts

Off resistance 1 Resistance between open first pair of contacts

On resistance 2 Resistance between closed second pair of contacts

Off resistance 2 Resistance between open second pair of contacts

Coil resistance Resistance of the control coil

Coil inductance Inductance of the control coil

DC motor
The motor model is inspired by the model from [Link].

Misc menu

Voltmeter
Voltmeter can measure a characteristic value of the voltage across it: RMS (root
mean square), Mean, Minimum, Maximum or Instantaneous. The type of
displayed value is selected by the parameter of this element. The
voltmeter contains only a resistor and can be used only in Transient analysis.
The RMS, Mean, Minimum and Maximum values are calculated from the whole
plotting interval.

It is not recommended to set the resistance of voltmeter to a value above

1000 GΩ, as SPICE is sensitive to big ratios of the largest value to the smallest
value of the element of same type (R, L, C etc) in the circuit (maximum ratio can

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be about 1E15).

Ammeter
Ammeter can measure a characteristic value of the current flowing through it:
RMS (root mean square), Mean, Minimum, Maximum or Instantaneous. The type
of displayed value is selected by the parameter of this element. The
ammeter contains only a resistor and can be used only in Transient analysis.
The RMS, Mean, Minimum and Maximum values are calculated from the whole
plotting interval.

It is not recommended to set the resistance of ammeter to a value below 1

mΩ, as SPICE is sensitive to big ratios of the largest value to the smallest value
of the element of same type (R, L, C etc) in the circuit (maximum ratio can be
about 1E15).

Ohmmeter
Ohmmeter can measure resistance of connected circuits in DC and Transient
analyses. It uses a DC voltage source ( ) presented between the terminals.
When the connected circuit is active and the current flows into the ohmmeter, it
displays a negative number (- / ).

Oscilloscope

here.

Oscilloscope (or Chart element) can display various variables (voltages,

currents, resistances...) as a function of time or other variable. The maximum
number of displayed variables (lines) is 3. X-axis variable can be selected using
the parameter, the three y-axis variables can be set up by the , , and
parameters. After tapping the name of the parameter ( , , , or ) in the
menu of the Properties button, the window for editing variables will be
displayed. Using the spinners (left) you can select one of the available variables
or operators:
- this empty field clears the variable setting. The empty variable is
simply ignored.
- the variable depending on the type of analysis: time for Transient
analysis, frequency for AC analysis and voltage for DC analysis. In other words,
it is the same variable as for the x-axis of the Plot window.
- the number, which can be inserted in the edit box (right)
- multiplication operator
- division operator

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- addition operator
- subtraction operator
- the voltage of the node, if available
- the difference between voltages of nodes and , if available
- the current of the node, if available
To show some voltages V(x.. and currents I(x) in the spinners, it is necessary to
set the appropriate labels as active output labels.
The final formula (value of a parameter) is created from individual variables or
operators starting from the top.

:
When you will redraw (change) the circuit AFTER editing , , , and
parameters, the voltages V(x.. and currents I(x) in these parameters may not be
valid due to the node renumbering. This can be avoided by checking the
Automatic repair of oscilloscopes option.
Multiplication operator (*) can be skipped, for example 2*V(3) is the same as
2V(3).

Width The width of the oscilloscope window in pixels.

Height The height of the oscilloscope window in pixels.

X The formula for calculating the values of x-axis.

Y1 The formula for calculating the y-axis values of the first line.

Y2 The formula for calculating the y-axis values of the second line.

Y3 The formula for calculating the y-axis values of the third line.

The label of the x-axis. If empty and the X parameter is set to

X label
"Default", the corresponding label will be added automatically.

The label of the first line (Y1). If empty, the corresponding label
Y1 label
will be added automatically.

The label of the second line (Y2). If empty, the corresponding

Y2 label
label will be added automatically.

The label of the third line (Y3). If empty, the corresponding label
Y3 label
will be added automatically.

The basic unit of the x-axis. If empty and the X parameter is set
X unit
to "Default", the corresponding unit will be added automatically.

Y1 unit The basic unit of the y-axis values of the first line (Y1).

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Y2 unit The basic unit of the y-axis values of the second line (Y2).

Y3 unit The basic unit of the y-axis values of the third line (Y3).

Y1 color The color of the first line (Y1).

Y2 color The color of the second line (Y2).

Y3 color The color of the third line (Y3).

The scale type of the y-axis. The "Linear" type makes the y-axis to
Y scale be divided linearly. The "Logarithmic" makes the y-axis to be
divided logarithmically (by decades).

This parameter is used to increase or decrease the maximum

value on the x-axis. The original maximum value (obtained from
Xmax scale
the simulated values) will change by (Xmax scale - 100) percent
of the original interval (maximum - minimum).

This parameter is used to increase or decrease the minimum

value on the x-axis. The original minimum value (obtained from
Xmin scale
the simulated values) will change by (Xmin scale - 100) percent
of the original interval (maximum - minimum).

This parameter is used to increase or decrease the maximum

value on the y-axis. The original maximum value (obtained from
Ymax scale
the simulated values) will change by (Ymax scale - 100) percent
of the original interval (maximum - minimum).

This parameter is used to increase or decrease the minimum

value on the y-axis. The original minimum value (obtained from
Ymin scale
the simulated values) will change by (Ymin scale - 100) percent
of the original interval (maximum - minimum).

The relative size of the font used to draw texts and numbers on
Font size
the oscilloscope window.

Line style The style of the plotted curves.

Line width The width of the plotted curves in pixels.

If set to "On", adds gridlines to the X and Y axes of the

Grid lines
oscilloscope.

Grid line The width of the gridlines in pixels. If set to 0, "hairlines" will be
width drawn.

Grid line
The color of the gridlines.
color

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Frame line
The line width of the frame surrounding the chart area.
width

Axes If set to "On", the coordinate axes will be shown.

Axis line The width of the axis line in pixels. If set to 0, "hairlines" will be
width drawn.

Axis line
The color of the axis line.
color

Numeric
The precision of the numbers drawn on the oscilloscope window.
precision

Data Shows the window containing the last simulated data.

Switchable source
DC voltage source, which can be switched between 0 V (logic 0) and 5 V (logic
1) by a long tap.

7-segment display
Display device used for displaying decimal numerals. Each segment of the
display will light if its input voltage is above 2.5 V.

Digit color Displays the dialog for selection of the color of digits.

7-segment decoder
BCD to 7-segment decoder.

VCC Power supply voltage

Threshold voltage Threshold voltage of inputs

Crossover

Resistance Resistance between pins of the element

Crossover 2

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Resistance Resistance between pins of the element

Fuse
A fuse is the simplest circuit protection device used to stop current flow or open
the circuit, when the circuit current exceeds the current rating of fuse (maximum
current).
: The fuse effects (fuse "blowing") works only in Continuous ("Run") mode
of Transient and DC analyses.

The maximum current of a fuse is a value expressed in

Maximum
amperes that represents the current the fuse will allow without
current
opening (“blowing”).

Speaker
The model of Speaker consists of five elements. Two elements (Series
resistance and Series inductance) are in series. These two elements are then in
series with the remaining elements (Parallel resistance, Parallel inductance and
Parallel capacitance), which are connected in parallel.

Lamp
See the lamp effects setting here.

Displays the dialog for selection of the color of lamp effects.

Color of When the button is tapped in this dialog, the color of the
effects lamp's effects will be the same as the color of the lamp's
current.

Voltage Nominal voltage

Resistance Nominal resistance

Automatic
The app level setting, see it here.
lighting

Opamp
Simple operation amplifier

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Gain Differential voltage gain

Input The value of resistance placed between two inputs of the

resistance Operation amplifier.

SCR
Silicon controlled rectifier (Vol. III - Semiconductors textbook). The model is
shown below.

Gate
RGATE's resistance
resistance

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Gate stage Current gain of F1 (Current-Controlled Current Source). It can

gain be used to adjust the SCR's trigger current.

NPN B-E RN's resistance. It can be used to adjust the SCR's holding
resistance current. It influences also the SCR's trigger current.

PNP B-E
RR's resistance
resistance

ON resistance RON's resistance

Breakdown Breakdown voltage of DF and DR. It may be used to control

voltage the breakover voltage between anode and cathode.

TRIAC
Bidirectional thyristor — two joined SCRs (Vol. III - Semiconductors textbook).
The model is shown below.

Gate resistance
RGATE1's resistance
1

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Gate stage gain Current gain of F1 (Current-Controlled Current Source). It can

1 be used to adjust the SCR1's trigger current.

NPN B-E RN1's resistance. It can be used to adjust the SCR1's holding
resistance 1 current. It influences also the SCR1's trigger current.

ON resistance 1 RON1's resistance

Gate resistance
RGATE2's resistance
2

Gate stage gain Current gain of F2 (Current-Controlled Current Source). It can

2 be used to adjust the SCR2's trigger current.

NPN B-E RN2's resistance. It can be used to adjust the SCR2's holding
resistance 2 current. It influences also the SCR1's trigger current.

ON resistance 2 RON2's resistance

Breakdown Breakdown voltage of DF1 and DF2. It may be used to control

voltage the breakover voltage between MT1 and MT2.

Advanced text
Webview object allowing to display a html text. User interaction (e.g. clicking
links) is disabled in the Restricted mode.

IC menu

Custom -pin
Custom subcircuits, integrated circuits or other component, see here. is the
number of pins of the component.

Custom opamp 1
Custom operational amplifier or other component with 5 pins, see here.

Custom opamp 2
Custom operational amplifier or other component with 7 pins, see here.

Custom opamp 3
Custom operational amplifier or other component with 3 pins, see here.

Custom regulator

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Custom voltage regulator or other component with 3 pins, see here.

Custom element
Custom element similar to the above custom elements, however it has the editor
of the symbol. It allows to create an element with custom number of pins. See
this youtube video.

Web Components
Displays the window for selecting various components or subcircuits found on
our web.

Elements are inserted into the grid with a cell size of 100x100 pixels. The center
of the picture element is always positioned at an intersection of gridlines.

Models of transistors and diodes can be selected by tapping the Model parameter
of elements and selecting a model from the section of the Model
dialog. The values of numerical parameters entered through the
will then be ignored.
Models of transistors and diodes can be selected also using Custom elements.
The app accepts SPICE 3 format of the models.

Example models:
1N4004 - standard rectifier diode
1N4148 - small signal diode
2N2222 - general purpose NPN transistor
BC547A - general purpose NPN transistor
2N2907 - general purpose PNP transistor
J111 - N-channel JFET switch
IRF530 - power N-channel MOSFET

By a long tap on an element button you can display the name of the element.

To draw a wire, tap the Wire button in the Element bar and then tap the start and
end points of the wire to be drawn. If these points do not lie on a vertical or
horizontal line, the wire will be drawn using autorouting, otherwise a simple one-
line wire will be created.

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To select only one element, tap some place on the element outside of the
element's labels. All labels attached to the element are then displayed, and a
Selection rectangle will be drawn around the element. If the "Rectangle selection"
is not checked in the Menu->App Settings, the selected element will be instead
painted by a Selection color.
To select multiple elements, tap the Select button in the Toolbar and then tap the
top left-hand as well as bottom right-hand corners of the area containing the
elements to be selected.

To deselect only one element, tap some place on the element outside of the
element's labels.
To deselect multiple elements, tap the Select button in the Toolbar and then
double tap some place outside the circuit elements.

To select all circuit elements, tap the Select All button in the Toolbar.

To select a label, tap the element to which the label is attached and then tap the
label. A red rectangle will be drawn around the label.

To move selected elements, tap and drag them to a new position. Elements are
snapped to the grid.

To move the selected label, long tap and drag it to a new position. Labels can be
moved to any place of the Drawing canvas.

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The multipurpose Properties button in the Toolbar allows users to set properties
of elements, labels or simulation. If there is no selected element, it shows the
seek bar used to control the speed of displaying of simulation results in the
Continuous mode of simulation. If a label is selected, it displays the
allowing to set properties of the label. If only one element is
selected and none of its labels are marked, it displays the
allowing to set parameters of the element.

The first line of the menu is always the name of the element. The last two lines
are always the (see this youtube video) and (save) commands.
The command allows adding the selected element into the
list of the Custom menu editor. The lines between the first and the last two lines
represent the properties of the element. By tapping on some of these lines (if
there is any) you can display a parameter window with a scrollbar and buttons
allowing to set the chosen parameter:

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Scrolling the bar (tapping any place of the horizontal ribbon and moving the
finger) to the right is used to increase the parameter's value by a small amount,
while scrolling this bar to the left decreases the parameter's value. Tapping the
button sets the value to 0 (if possible). Tapping any digit from to sets the
particular value in the current decade (if possible). and buttons are used to
multiply the value by 10 and 1/10, respectively. By tapping the name of the
parameter you can set the parameter's value through a text dialog.

If "Native parameter's scrollbar" in the App settings is checked, the native

scrollbar with two spinners are shown instead of the default parameter window
shown above:

This scrollbar has increment of 1 and is used especially for quick changes of
parameters. The left-hand spinner can be used to change the sign of the
parameter, while the right-hand spinner is used for selecting a unit of the
parameter. By tapping the name of the parameter you can set the parameter's
value through a text dialog.

For textual parameters (e.g. Model filenames), the seek bar and spinners are
purposefully hidden.

The Edit item in the Element Properties Menu allows users to edit various

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properties of elements.

All diodes with the model named in the subcircuit of a

element will use a model selected in the dialog.

All diodes with the model named in the subcircuit of a

element will use a model selected in the dialog.

All diodes with the model named in the subcircuit of a

element will use a model selected in the dialog.

All transistors with the model named in the subcircuit of a

element will use a model selected in the dialog.

All transistors with the model named in the subcircuit of a

element will use a model selected in the dialog.

All transistors with the model named in the subcircuit of a

element will use a model selected in the dialog.

All transistors with the model named in the subcircuit of a

element will use a model selected in the dialog.

All transistors with the model named in the subcircuit of a

element will use a model selected in the dialog.

All transistors with the model named in the subcircuit of a

element will use a model selected in the dialog.

All pseudo-elements (beginning with the letter X) with the

names
, , , ,
, , , ,
or in the subcircuit of a
element will use a model of digital technology (logic family, e.g. 74LS or
CMOS 4000) selected in the dialog. The type of the model
(analog or event-driven) can be selected in the App Settings (see here). Call lines

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of these pseudo-elements:

AND gate:
XYYYYYYY N1 N2 ... N10 N11 N12 APPLICATIONAND
where
N1, N2 ... N10 - from 2 to 10 input nodes
N11 - output node
N12 - supply voltage

NAND gate:
XYYYYYYY N1 N2 ... N10 N11 N12 APPLICATIONNAND
where
N1, N2 ... N10 - from 2 to 10 input nodes
N11 - output node
N12 - supply voltage

OR gate:
XYYYYYYY N1 N2 ... N10 N11 N12 APPLICATIONOR
where
N1, N2 ... N10 - from 2 to 10 input nodes
N11 - output node
N12 - supply voltage

NOR gate:
XYYYYYYY N1 N2 ... N10 N11 N12 APPLICATIONNOR
where
N1, N2 ... N10 - from 2 to 10 input nodes
N11 - output node
N12 - supply voltage

XOR gate:
XYYYYYYY N1 N2 ... N10 N11 N12 APPLICATIONXOR
where
N1, N2 ... N10 - from 2 to 10 input nodes
N11 - output node
N12 - supply voltage

XNOR gate:
XYYYYYYY N1 N2 ... N10 N11 N12 APPLICATIONXNOR
where
N1, N2 ... N10 - from 2 to 10 input nodes
N11 - output node
N12 - supply voltage

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NOT gate:
XYYYYYYY N1 N2 N3 APPLICATIONNOT
where
N1 - input node
N2 - output node
N3 - supply voltage

Inverting Schmitt trigger:

XYYYYYYY N1 N2 N3 APPLICATIONSCHMITT
where
N1 - input node
N2 - output node
N3 - supply voltage

D flip-flop:
XYYYYYYY N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 APPLICATIONDFLIPFLOP
where
N1 - D input
N2 - CLK input
N3 - Q output
N4 - Q output
N5 - supply voltage
N6 - Reset (Clear)
N7 - Set (Preset)

JK flip-flop:
XYYYYYYY N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 APPLICATIONJKFLIPFLOP
where
N1 - J input
N2 - K input
N3 - CLK input
N4 - Q output
N5 - Q output
N6 - supply voltage
N7 - Reset (Clear)
N8 - Set (Preset)

Example of AND gate with three inputs:

X1 1 2 3 4 5 APPLICATIONAND
where
1,2,3 - input nodes
4 - ouput node

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5 - supply voltage (should be connected to a voltage source, e.g. 5V for 74LS

technology)

This command allows to add a comma separated list of names of web elements
(i.e. elements found in the Web Components dialog - only elements with the name
"Custom element" are allowed in this list), which will be available in the Element
Properties Menu. After selecting an element from this menu, the current element
will be deleted (excluding "Switch element" and "Custom name" commands) and
replaced with the selected element from the menu.

This command allows to add a logic state indicator into the Custom element.

This command allows to add a voltage output label into the Custom element. The
parameters , , and are similar as for the text
labels.
The other parameters:
:( )( )( )- and are coordinates of the voltage indicator
(circle). , and are not used now.
: a text shown in the label before simulation.
: a pin associated with this output label.

This command allows to add a voltage drop output label into the Custom
element.
The parameters , , and are similar as for the text
labels.
The other parameters:
:( )( )( )- and are coordinates of the starting point of
the voltage drop indicator (arrow). and are coordinates of the ending point
of the voltage drop indicator (arrow). is not used now.
: a text shown in the label before simulation.
: - the numbers of pins associated with this output
label.

This command allows to add a current output label into the Custom element.
The parameters , , and are similar as for the text
labels.
The other parameters:
:( )( )( )- and are coordinates of the starting point of

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the current indicator (arrow). and are coordinates of the ending point of the
current indicator (arrow). is not used now.
: a text shown in the label before simulation.
: a pin associated with this output label.

Displays the text/value in the label. In the case of an Output Label, this option can
be automatically reverted, depending on the "Graph/number switching" option in
the App Settings.

Displays the box in the label.

Displays the graph in the label instead of the box and text. This option is shown
only in the case of an Output Label and can be automatically reverted, depending
on the "Graph/number switching" option in the App Settings.

Draws the indicator in the element. This option is shown only in the case of an
Output Label.

Draws the graph in the plot window. This option is shown only in the case of an
Output Label.

If checked, after finishing a Common mode simulation the seek bar of the first
cursor will be opened below the plot window. The cursor can be used to obtain x
and y values of the corresponding graph. This option is shown only in the case of
an Output Label.

If checked, after finishing a Common mode simulation the seek bar of the second
cursor will be opened below the plot window. The cursor can be used to obtain x
and y values of the corresponding graph. This option is shown only in the case of
an Output Label.

Select the type of corresponding current or voltage variable. In the AC analysis,

you can display the magnitude, real value, imaginary value and phase of voltages
and currents. In the DC and Transient analyses, only real (instantaneous) values
can be displayed. This option is shown only in the case of an Output Label.

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Enter a scale of the label.

Select a rotation of the label.

Select an alignment of the text inside the label.

Enter a designation of the element. This item will be shown only in the case of a
Designation label.

Enter a value of the label. This item will be shown only in the case of a Parameter
label.

Enter a text of the label. This item will be shown only for text elements.

Choose a color of the label's box.

Choose a color of the label's text. In the case of an Output label, this item is not
shown as the foreground color is chosen automatically. The same color will be
used in the graph as well as Plot window.

If checked, the label's box will be drawn rounded.

Select a font type of the label's text.

The next commands from the Toolbar can be applied to one or more selected
elements.

Copies the selected elements to the clipboard and removes them from the current
circuit.

Copies the selected elements to the clipboard.

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Inserts the contents of the clipboard at a free location.

Removes the selected elements from the current circuit.

Select the elements you want to bring to front, and then tap the Bring to Front
button.

Select the elements you want to send to back, and then tap the Send to Back
button.

You can rotate all elements along with the labels, except for wires. Select the
elements you want to rotate, and then tap the Rotate Clockwise button. Labels are
also rotated, according to the definition in the internal library file.

You can flip all elements along with the labels, except for wires. Select the
elements you want to flip, and then tap the Flip Horizontally button. Labels are
also flipped, according to the definition in the internal library file.

The next commands from the Menu->Tools can be applied only to all circuit
elements.

Shows the designations of the current circuit elements.

Hides the designations of the current circuit elements.

Shows the values of the current circuit elements.

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Hides the values of the current circuit elements.

Deletes text and picture files downloaded through the Web Circuits window.

Hides all tips. A restart of the app may be needed.

Shows all tips. A restart of the app may be needed.

Quick Show (EYE) button from the Toolbar can be used to quickly show some
voltages and currents of the circuit. If only one 2-pin element is selected, it
toggles displaying the indicator, value and plot of the element's current. If a logic
IC (gate, SR latch or flip-flop) is selected, it toggles displaying the value and plot
of the element's output voltage. If a wire is selected, it toggles displaying the plot
and value of the wire's voltage. When no element is selected, it toggles displaying
current indicators of wires. Moreover, the EYE button temporarily displays all non-
active labels.

If the "Graph/number switching" is checked in the Menu->App Settings, the

displayed value can switch to the graph in the Transient analysis, when the value
is not a constant in time. If the "Highlight wires" is checked in the Menu->App
Settings and the voltage of a wire is set to show, the wire will be painted by the
plot color.

To create a custom subcircuit, integrated circuit or other element, select the IC

button of the Element bar on the bottom of screen and then a item. Use
the Properties button in the Toolbar to set the symbol, definition of the element
(subcircuit), and its picture.

The will display the editor of the symbol. See this youtube video.

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After tapping the Symbol parameter of some other custom element (e.g.
), the Symbol Selection window for choosing the look of the element will
appear. If you select the symbol, the look of the element can be changed
using the Picture parameter.

After tapping the Subcircuit parameter of the custom element, the Subcircuit
window for setting the definition of the element (or subcircuit) will appear. The
definition of the element can be loaded from the clipboard. By tapping the Paste
button, the content of the clipboard will be loaded into the bottom Edit text area.
After checking the definition of the element in this text area, you can tap the Set
subcircuit button to apply the definition to the element. When you tap the Clear
("X") button, the text area will be cleared.

The definition of the subcircuit should be in the standard Berkeley SPICE 3

format. The subcircuits of various elements can be found on many web sites. If
you are not sure, whether the found subcircuit has the right format, check it with
the Berkeley web site. The subcircuit can have only elements and parameters
found on this web site. Moreover, the ECStudio has some additional restrictions
on subcircuits:
- Node, element and model names cannot contain the reserved string
- Semiconductor resistors and capacitors as well as time-dependent V and I
sources are not supported
- Pins of subcuircits should not be connected directly to the node 0

By tapping the Picture parameter of the custom element, the Picture Selection
window for choosing the look of the element will appear. The center of the
selected picture will be positioned in the center of the symbol (except for
the Custom 8-pin, Custom 12-pin and Custom 16-pin elements, when the picture's
center will be 50 pixels (half of the grid height) below the center of the
symbol. Only .jpg and .png pictures are supported. The maximum size of the
picture is 1600x1600 pixels.

The switches (Switch SPST, Switch SPDT, Open push-button and Closed push-
button) can be switched by long tapping the switch.

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Reverses the last editing command or the last change of a property.

Reverses the action of the last Undo command.

Tap Run/Stop button in the Toolbar. This opens the menu of two items. The item
starts the Continuous mode of simulation of a type chosen in the
dialog, when the results are displayed consecutively with a user controlled speed.
In the case of DC and AC analyses, the simulation will stop after displaying of the
last result. In the case of Transient analysis, the simulation is run repeatedly with
a gradually increasing start time of the simulation.

The item starts the Common mode of simulation of a type

chosen in the dialog. After finishing the simulation all results are
displayed immediately.

When a simulation is running, it can be stopped (or paused in the case of the
Pause mode) by tapping on the Run/Stop button. In the Continuous mode, the
displaying of results is then paused and these results can be thereafter explored.
The next tap of the or item starts a new simulation.

At least one Gnd element is required to achieve a successful simulation.

Use item from the Menu to open dialog.

Exports the image of the current circuit to the device's gallery.

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Down-size the image to a lower resolution. The size of target images depends on
the available memory.

Enter the quality level for JPEG compression.

Enter a file name for the image.

Exports the current circuit to the device's storage.

Exports all your circuits to the device's storage.

Shows a dialog for opening a circuit from the device.

Shows a dialog for copying selected circuits to the internal app directory.

Tapping the Screenshot button takes a screenshot and places it to the device's
gallery.

Use item from the Menu to open submenu allowing to show and export
simulator log, application log and output data.

Choose from the Menu to show the dialog allowing you to change
various settings of the application. The Overflow icon of this dialog allows to

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select the Basic or Advanced part of the dialog.

The app language. A restart of the application is needed to apply the change. In
some old versions of Android, the may be necessary.

If checked, Output labels will be switched between showing graph or value

(number) in the Transient analysis. Then, if an Output label will be showing
horizontal line for some time, the label will start to show the value.

If checked, all wires set to show the voltage will be painted by the plot color.

If checked, the wire connected to some output wire (i.e. wire set to show the
voltage) directly or indirectly through other wires will be painted by the same plot
color as this output wire.

The color of indicators of wire current shown by the Quick Show (EYE) button.

The color of wires.

If checked, the Wire color will be used instead of the color set in .

The color of symbols of elements.

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If checked, the Symbol color will be used instead of the color set in
.

The color of nodes (dots).

If checked, the Node color will be used instead of the color set in
.

The colors of graph lines and numerical results. The default plot colors (from plot
color 1 to 5): Green (#008000), Red (#ff0000), Blue (#0000ff), Saddle Brown
(#8b4513), Purple (#800080).

The shape of indicators of current.

The type of indicators of current.

The shape of indicators of voltage drop.

If checked, the transparency of all circuit graphs will be removed (i.e. alpha
channel of the graph background color will be set to 255). The other components
(red, green, blue) of the graph background color will be the same as components
of the Canvas background color.

Theme of the application. A restart of the application is needed to apply the

change.

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Theme of the newly created circuits.

If checked, the Theme is applied to the circuit right after the opening and the text
and box colors of all circuit's labels are also rewritten according to the Theme.
This operation can be reversed by the Undo button.

The circuits (pages) of the Interactive book are not affected by this option. This
may change in the future.

If checked, selected elements will be highlighted by the rectangle. In the opposite

case, they will be painted with the Selection color.

Sets the color of selected elements and the selection rectangle.

If checked, non-active output labels will never be shown. Non-active output labels
can then be activated only using the EYE button.

If checked, non-active output labels will never be shown in Restricted mode. Non-
active output labels can then be activated only using the EYE button.

If checked, the native scrollbar will be used for setting the parameters of
elements.

If checked and the LED diodes are set to show the current or Automatic lighting is
checked, the diodes will be glowing. The intensity of glowing depends on the
LED's current. After reaching "break" current (2.5*Imax), the LED will show "break"
effect, see the video on YouTube here (time 14:20).

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The current at which the LED's glowing is maximum.

If checked, the LED will not "break" and will glow at all currents above LED max
current.

If checked, LED diodes and lamps will be glowing even if they are not set to show
the current.

If checked and the lamps are set to show the current or Automatic lighting is
checked, the lamps will be glowing. The intensity of glowing depends on the
lamp's current. Maximum intensity is reached at the current = /

If checked and the logic ICs (gates, SR latch or flip-flops) are set to show the
output voltage, the ICs will show graphically a logic level of the output voltage: "1"
or "H" (see Logical numbers) for a voltage above the IC's threshold voltage, "0" of
"L" for a lower voltage.

If checked, the logic ICs (gates, SR latch or flip-flops) will show graphically an
output logic level even if they are not set to show the voltage.

If checked, the custom ICs having a logic symbol will show a logic level of the
output voltage: "1" or "H" (see Logical numbers) for a voltage above the threshold
voltage, "0" or "L" for a lower voltage.

If checked, the simulated voltages (and inductor currents) of the circuit will be
preserved when changing a parameter value or when toggling a switch (or

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switchable source) in the Continuous mode of Transient analysis. If this setting is

not checked, the voltages and currents can be preserved using the Preserve
voltages for switches option.
This "experimental mode" should be used only for simple circuits, especially to
study transient effects of L and C charging or to observe the switching of bistable
circuits. In this mode, the pulsed voltage sources (Vpulse) have always zero rise
and fall times.

Even though this mode is denoted as "experimental", it should work for all
properly defined circuits. However, in the case of some more complex circuits, it
may be necessary to increase the precision of simulation, e.g. by decreasing the
Relative and Transient tolerance to about 1m and 7, respectively.

If checked and the circuit contains a switch or switchable source, the simulated
voltages (and inductor currents) of the circuit will be preserved when changing a
parameter value or when toggling a switch (or switchable source) in the
Continuous mode of Transient analysis.

If checked and the current circuit does not contain Gnd elements or internally
grounded elements, the circuit will not be simulated.
The list of internally grounded elements: logic gates, flip-flops, 555 timer,
controlled sources, opamp, advanced opamp, transformer, relays, switched
source, 7-segment display, 7-segment decoder.

Increasing this value from the default (1p) can help to resolve SPICE convergence
problems. It is the SPICE option - absolute current error tolerance.

Voltage error tolerance. Increasing this value from the default (1E-6) can help to
resolve SPICE convergence problems. It is the SPICE option.

Relative error tolerance. The default value (5m) is higher than the standard value

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(1m) to overcome convergence problems. Decrease it to about 1m to get higher

precision (in some cases). See this video on YouTube. It is the SPICE
option.

Transient error tolerance. The default value (100) is higher than the standard
value (7) to overcome convergence problems. Decrease it to about 7 to get higher
precision in Transient analysis (in some cases). See this video on YouTube. It is
the SPICE option.

Transient analysis timepoint iteration limit. The default value is 50. It is the
SPICE option.

The minimum conductance allowed by the app. The default value is 100p. It is the
SPICE option.

The integration method of SPICE, see here. Use Gear integration method, if you
have problems with the convergence. This method is especially useful for circuits
containing positive feedbacks, e.g. astable and monostable multivibrators. The
default (Trap) method is both faster and more accurate than Gear.

Tmax divider can be used to increase the maximum computing interval in

Transient analysis. The maximum computing interval is defined as
/ , where is (Stop - Start) / (Points - 1).

When tapped, European users can set the EEA consent after restarting the
application.

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If checked, the ngspice simulator will be used instead of Spice 3. If the circuit
contains custom elements with at least one line starting with "a" or "A" ("XSPICE"
line), ngspice will be used regardless of this option. See the XSPICE
documentation for more info about these lines.

At the start of the simulation, ngspice loads these libraries: [Link], [Link],
[Link], [Link] and [Link].

If checked, the ngspice simulator inserts "rshunt" resistors to ground at all nodes
of the circuit, which can help to solve some convergence problems. See the
ngspice documentation for more info.

The value of "rshunt" resistors.

If checked, the ngspice simulator inserts "rseries" resistor in series with each
inductor of the circuit, which can help to solve some convergence problems
especially in AC analysis. See the ngspice documentation for more info.

The value of "rseries" resistors.

If checked, the simulator will try to maintain the same speed speed of plotting in
the Continuous mode of simulation as for 50 displayed points, regardless of the
actual number of displayed points. For example, if the number of points in the
Transient analysis is 500, the simulator will plot 10 points simultanously to the
Plot window (and graphs), and it will display numerical results (and effects) only
for every tenth point in the Drawing canvas.

If checked, the running simulation will be paused when tapping the Run/Stop
button. The next tap of this button shows the submenu allowing to continue (Run)

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or stop (Stop) the current simulation.

If checked, at the start of the simulation the information panel will be displayed at
the bottom of the display. The format of the panel's text is:
SPICE: RAWFILE: /
where is the elapsed time of the SPICE simulation, is the size of the last
data file created by the SPICE simulator, and is the free space in the
internal storage which is used to save this data file.

If checked, wires can be created by touching the pins of elements and points on
wires. To create a wire, tap a pin. This selected pin (node) will be highlighted by a
circle painted with the Selected node color. Then tap another node or a wire. The
new wire will be created between the selected node and the tapped node (or a
point on the tapped wire) using autorouting.

If checked, the new wire will be created between the selected node and the point
on the tapped wire, which is nearest to the selected node. However, if we tap a
wire end (pin), the searching for the nearest point will not be performed. If this
option is not checked, the new wire will be created between the selected node
and the tapped point of the wire.

If checked, the selected node can be deselected by tapping a point outside of the
circuit elements.

The color of the selected node.

If checked, after tapping an element button (excluding Picture) in the Element bar,
the name of this element will be displayed over the Element bar. The element can
then be placed on a point of the Drawing canvas by tapping this point.

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If checked and is not activated, after tapping an element

button (excluding Wire) in the Element bar the new element is then placed in the
top left corner of the display. If not checked and is not
activated, the new element is placed in the first free space of the display or whole
drawing canvas (starting from the top left corner).

Adds a circle button to the Drawing canvas in the Normal (Edit) mode, allowing to
open custom menu of elements. App, saved and web elements can be added and
grouped in this menu.

If checked, the elements will be filled with the Element color.

The color of filled elements.

If checked, the voltage and current indicators will not be shown.

If checked, the voltage and current indicators of LEDs will not be shown.

If checked and some element will be deleted, the app will check whether this
element has some pins with only one attached wire. If so, such wires will be also
deleted.

If checked, logic states will be show in output labels instead of numeric values.
The form of the displayed logic states depend on the Logical numbers parameter.

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If checked, logic states of digital elements will be show in output labels instead of
numeric values. Digital elements include NOT gate, AND gate, NAND gate, OR
gate, NOR gate, XOR gate, XNOR gate, SR latch, D flip-flop, T flip-flop, JK flip-flop,
7-segment display, 7-segment decoder, Custom element with "Digital technology"
command and "Custom ..." elements with a logic gate symbol. The form of the
displayed logic states depend on the Logical numbers parameter.

If checked, logic states will be shown as numerals ("1" for high state and "0" for
low state). If not checked, logic states will be indicated by the letters "H" and "L".

Threshold voltage used when showing logic states, Logic IC effects and Custom
logic IC effects.

The text color of logical state indicator.

The background color of high state indicator.

The background color of low state indicator.

If checked, digital (event-driven, XSPICE code) models are used instead of analog
models for logic gates and flip-flops defined in custom elements by an
APPLICATION... name.

If checked, the node assignments in the circuit's oscilloscopes will be

automatically corrected after node renumbering (e.g. after deleting elements). If
not checked, the node assignments will be able to correct when accessing
oscilloscopes (e.g. when displaying their properties or when simulating).

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The size of text of the Plot window.

If checked, web book pages will be downloaded from the server even if they were
already downloaded before.

Tapping the item from the Menu displays the interactive book in the
Restricted mode. The book contains these chapters:
1. Electric circuit
2. Nodes
3. Node voltage
4. Voltage drop
5. Electric current
6. DC current
7. AC current
8. Kirchhoff's current law
9. Kirchhoff's voltage law
10. Voltage source
11. Sine and pulse generators
12. Current source
13. Resistor
14. Ohm's law
15. Resistors in series
16. Resistors in parallel
17. Voltage divider
18. Current divider
19. Capacitor
20. Inductor

Tapping the button in the Action bar displays the calculator and
information center. In the window of the center, the selection mode can be

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activated by a long tap on an item of the list. The next items can be selected by a
simple tap. The selected items can be copied to the custom list using the -
command. The items of the custom list can be moved, deleted
or backed up using the commands from the Menu. See this animation on our
main page.

The tool contains calculations of all basic circuits, laws as well as various
converters. Some electrical circuits can be opened after the calculation by the
simulator (with default element's parameters) to check and explore the results.
The calculators are supplemented by formulas. These calculators are available:
Ohm's law
Resistors in series/parallel
Series-parallel circuit
Y-Delta transformation
Resistor for voltage attenuation
Power calculator
Voltage divider
Current divider
RLC reactance/impedance
LC resonance
Passive filters
Capacitor charging
Transformer calculations
Resistor for LED
Zener diode
Operational amplifier
LM317 voltage regulator
555 timer
A/D and D/A converters
Coil inductance
Voltage drop
Resistor color code
SMD resistor code
Inductor color code
RMS calculator
Frequency/period converter
Battery capacity conversion
Battery life

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Decibel converter
PCB trace width calculator

The pinouts of these connectors/devices are available:

SCART
VGA
DVI
HDMI
Firewire
USB
Thunderbolt
Apple Lightning
Apple dock
RS-232
Sata, eSata
PS/2
ATX power connectors
SD cards
SIM cards
Ethernet RJ45
RJ11, RJ14, RJ25
ISO10487 for car audio
XLR
LED
Raspberry GPIO

These topics are included:

Wire size
Wire insulation colors
Ampacity
Resistivity
Resistor values
Capacitor codes
Capacitor values
SMD packages
Units of measurement

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SI prefixes
7400 series of integrated circuits
Voltage regulators
Logic gates
Electrical symbols
USB specifications

This app uses the third party software. The notices for this software can be found
here.

Copyright © 2022 [Link]. All Rights Reserved.

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