Year 11 Advanced Mathematics

Functions Checklist

Topic Component Section Completed

1. Do you know the difference between a function and a relation? F.1

2. Do you know how to find the natural domain and range? F.1

3. Can you distinguish one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one and many-to-many? F.1

4. Do you understand that functions can be odd, even or neither? F.1

5. Can you evaluate composite functions? F.1

6. Can you sketch linear functions, showing all key features? F.2

7. Do you understand the condition for lines to be parallel or perpendicular? F.2

8. Can you sketch quadratic functions, showing all key features? F.3

9. Can you solve points of intersections of lines and/or quadratics? F.3

10. Do you understand the theory of discriminants? F.4

11. Can you sketch cubic functions, showing all intercepts? F.5

12. Can you define a polynomial, and sketch them in their factored forms? F.5

13. Can you sketch hyperbolic functions, identifying key features? F.6

14. Can you define and sketch absolute value functions in the form y=|ax+b|? F.7

15. Can you solve equations involving absolute values? F.7

16. Given y=f(x), can you sketch f(-x), -f(x) and -f(-x)? F.8

17. Can you sketch equations of circles in the form (x-a)2 + (y-b)2 = r2 ? F.9

18. Can you sketch equations of circles in the form ax2+ay2+bx+cy+d=0? F.9

19. Can you sketch semi-circles? F.9

20. Can you sketch basic exponential and square root functions? F.10

20. Can you graph all the functions above in the form y = k[f(a(x+b)]+ h ? F.11

21. Can you sketch piecewise functions? F.11

22. Can you find the equations of functions given sufficient information? F.12

23. Can you sketch graphs with horizontal and vertical asymptotes? F.13

24. Can you find the number of solutions and solve inequalities using graphs? F.14

25. Can you apply functional models to solve practical problems? F.15
Section F.1
Battikha
Introduction to Functions

(a) A good model for the temperature of boiling water being left to cool is given by
f (t) = 24 + 76 ⇥ 2 0.2t , where f is the temperature of the water and t is the time
in minutes. Fill in the following table, correct to two decimal places.

t 0 1 2 3 5 10 15 20 30
f (t)

i. How much did the temperature drop in the first 30 seconds?

ii. Judging by the behaviour of the temperature as time progresses, what do

you think happens?

iii. What do you think the room temperature is, in this model?

(b) The year now is 2020 and Alex, head of an international drug syndicate, hires
Raj (a criminal mathematician) to model his annual expected revenue for the
next ten years. Raj looks at the competitive landscape and factors in the risks
attached. He then comes up with a model for the expected net profit:

t3
p(t) = t + 12,
125
where p is the profit expected in the year t after 2020 in millions of US dollars.
Thus, t = 0 represents the current annual revenue in 2020 (exactly 12 million
USD), t = 1 being the revenue in 2021, t = 2 showing 2022, etc.

Fill in the following table, correct to two decimal places.

t 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 10
p(t) 12.00

i. In Raj’s model, he presumes that profits will be lowest in a particular year

due to a predicted conflict between Alex’s cartel and his rival. What year
does Raj think this will happen?

ii. According to the model, will Alex recover to his original profit margins by
2030?

iii. Use trial-and-error to estimate which year Alex’s cartel reaches 20 million
in profit.
 x 1 1
(c) Given that f (x) = 3x + 1, q(x) = x2 , p(x) = and h(x) = , evaluate:
2 x
i.f (1). ix. q(q(3)).
p
ii.q( 3). x. f (p(5)).
iii. f ( 13 ). xi. p(h( a2 )).
iv. f (5). xii. f (q(x)).
v. q(3) + 3q(2) f (4). xiii. q(f (x)).
vi. f (10) + 7p(7) 10h(5). xiv. f (p(q(x))).
p
vii. q( 3 1). xv. h(p(q(f (3))).
⇥ p ⇤2
viii. q(1 2) . xvi. h(q(p(f (x))).

(d) Which of the following ordered set mappings represents a function? Also identify
whether that particular mapping is injective (one-to-one), one-to-many (not a
function at all), many-to-one or many-to-many?

i. f : x ! f (x).

1 2
2 4
3 6
4 10
5 8
6 12
8 14

ii. f : x ! f (x).

1 2
2 4
3 6
4 10
5 8
6 12
8 14

Page 2
iii. f : x ! f (x).

1 5
2 10
3 15
4 25
5 20
6 30
7 35

iv. f : x ! f (x).

1 5
2 10
2 15
4 25
5 20
6 30
7 35

v. f : x ! f (x).

a t
b u
c v
d y
e w
f x
g z

vi. f : x ! f (x).

a t
b u
c v
d y
e w
f x
g z

Page 3
 vii. f : x ! f (x).

a t
b u
c v
d y
e w
f x
g z

(e) Shown below are some graphs of certain relations. Use the vertical line test to
determine which of them represent functions. Categorise them as injective (one-
to-one), one-to-many, many-to-one or many-to-many. Also state the domain and
range in interval notation.

i. f (x, y) iii. f (x, y)

ii. f (x, y)
iv. f (x, y)

Page 4
 v. f (x, y) ix. f (x, y)

vi. f (x, y) x. f (x, y)

vii. f (x, y) xi. f (x, y)

viii. f (x, y)
xii. f (x, y)

Page 5
(f) Find the natural domain of the following functions, giving your answer in interval
notation.
p 1
i. y = x + 2. xi. y = p .
p
ii. y = x 4. 4 x2
p x
iii. y = 2x 3. xii. y = 2 .
p x 9
iv. y = 4 x.
p x3
v. y = 1 7x. xiii. y = p .
1 x x2 49
vi. y = . p p
x 3 xiv. y = 1 1 x2 .
1 p p
vii. y = . xv. y = 1 x + x.
x+4
1 p p
viii. y = 2 . xvi. y = 100 x2 + 4 x.
x 25 p
1 x(x 1)
ix. y = p . xvii. y = p .
2x 5 x 4
x2 p x
x. y = 3 . xviii. y = 1 x + p .
x x2 42x 4 x2

(g) Deduce whether the following functions are even, odd or neither. Give a formal
proof to substantiate your claim. For part xi, it is given that g and h are odd
functions.
i. f (x) = x2 4. 2 x 2x
viii. f (x) = .
ii. f (x) = 5x4 3x2 . 2
2x a a
iii. y = 2 . ix. f (x) = p p .
x 4 a x a+x
iv. y = x3 + 7x + 1.
x x3
v. f : x ! 4x5 6x3 . x. f (x) = 4 .
x + 1 x2 + 1
vi. f (x) = 2 .
x

2x + 2 x x3 + 3x + g(x)
vii. f : x ! . xi. f (x) = .
2 x5 + 5x + h(x)

(h) Complete the graphs of y = f (x) assuming that f is ↵) even and ) odd.
i. y = f (x) ii. y = f (x)

Page 6
 iii. y = f (x) iv. y = f (x)

(i) Are the following functions injective (one-to-one)? Provide a formal proof of your
result using the fact that a function f is injective if and only if f (x1 ) 6= f (x2 )
whenever x1 6= x2 . (*)

(Hint: for an injective function, prove that if f (x1 ) = f (x2 ), then x1 must be
equal to x2 . For a non-injective function, prove that if f (x1 ) = f (x2 ), then x1
can take another value other than x2 ).

i. f (x) = x2 + 6.
ii. f (x) = 3x + 1.
iii. f (x) = x3 .
iv. f (x) = 2x2 3x + 4.

(j) Suppose h(x) = f (g(x)). Determine whether h is even, odd or neither if: (*)

i. f and g are both even. iii. f is odd and g is even.

ii. f and g are both odd. iv. f is even and g is odd.

(k) For what values of a, b, c and d will the function

ax + d
f (x) =
cx + b
satisfy the condition f (f (x)) = x for all values of x? (**)

Page 7
Section F.2
Battikha
Sketching Linear Functions

(a) Sketch the following lines, showing all key features:

x y
i. y = 3x + 3 vi. + =1
2 3
ii. y = 4x + 3
iii. y = 10 5x 3 4
vii. x y+1=0
iv. 2x + 3y + 6 = 0 2 3
v. 3x 5y + 15 = 0

(b) Find the equation of the line which satisfy the following conditions:

i. Passes through the points (1, 1) and (3, 5).

ii. Passes through the points (4, 5) and the midpoint of the points (3, 2) and
( 5, 2).

iii. Passes through the intersection of the lines y = 2x 3 and y = 4x 7 and

the origin.
iv. Has gradient 3 and intersects the x-axis 6 units to the right of the origin.

v. Is parallel to the line 2x + y 3 = 0, and passes through the point (3, 2).

vi. Is parallel to the line y = 3x 4 and passes through the intersection of the
lines 2x 3y = 0 and x + 4y 4 = 0.
2
vii. Is perpendicular to the line y = x 4, and passes through the intersection
3
of the lines y = 2x 4 and x + y = 2.

viii. Is perpendicular to the line 3x 5y + 2 = 0 and passes through the midpoint

of the points (3, 2) and (5, 8).

(c) The line `1 : 2x + 3y 6 = 0 meets the line `2 : y = 2x + 10 at the point P . If

`1 and `2 meet the x-axis at A and B, find the area of triangle P AB.

(d) The line ` cuts the x-axis at Q( 4, 0) and the y-axis at M (0, 3). N is a point
on `, and P is the point (0, 8).

i. Find the equation of the line `.

ii. Show that the point (16, 15) lies on `.
iii. Show that the triangle QM P is isosceles.
iv. Calculate the gradient of the line QP .
v. If M is the midpoint of QN . Find the coordinates of the point N .

Page 8
 vi. Find the distance N P .
vii. Show that \N P Q is a right angle.

(e) M is the midpoint of P (0, 2) and Q(4, 0). N is a point on the y-axis, such that
M N is perpendicular to P Q. M N meets the x-axis at G.

i. Find the gradient of P Q.

ii. Find the point M .

iii. Find the equation of the line M N .

iv. Show that the co-ordinate of N is (0, 3).

v. Find the distance N Q.

vi. The point R lies in the first quadrant such that P N QR is a rhombus. Find
the co-ordinates of R.

(f) A, B and C are the points ( 4, 0), (16, 0) and (2, 12) respectively. The line AC
meets the y-axis at D.

i. Find the equation of the lines AC and BC.

ii. Find the co-ordinates of D.

iii. Find the distance AC.

iv. Show that \ADB is a right angle.

v. E is a point on the line AC such that the line EB cuts the area of triangle
ABC in half. Find E.

(g) The points A(1, 2), B(5, 6) and C( 3, 2) are vertices of a triangle, and P , Q
and R are the midpoints of BC, AC and AB respectively.

i. Find the equations of the three medians BQ, CR and AP .

ii. Find the intersection of BQ and CR, and show that this point point of
intersection lies on the third median AP .

Page 9
Section F.3
Battikha
Sketching Parabolas

(a) Sketch graphs of the following quadratic functions, indicating on your diagram
the vertex and any x and y intercepts:

i. y = x2 4. vi. y = x2 + 3x 28.
ii. y = 6 2x2 . vii. y = x2 9x 90.
iii. y = (x + 2)(x 4). viii. y = x2 + 13x 42.
iv. y = 3(x 2)(x 6). ix. y = 3x2 14x + 5.
v. y = (2x 1)(4x 9). x. y = 6x2 7x 3.

(b) Sketch the following quadratic functions, indicating on your diagram the vertex
and any x and y intercepts. For parts vi-ix, complete the square first.

i. y = (x 3)2 . vi. y = x2 6x + 8.
ii. y = 2(x 2)2 . vii. y = 3x2 + 12x + 15.
iii. y = 3(x + 1)2 . viii. y = x2 8x 12.
iv. y = 2(x 4)2 32. ix. y = 2x2 + 12x 12.
v. y = 9 3(x 1)2 .

(c) Sketch the following quadratic functions, indicating on your diagram the vertex
and any x and y intercepts.

i. y = 2x2 5x 2. iii. y = 5 + x 2x2 .

ii. y = 1 3x 4x2 . iv. y = 3x2 + 4x 9.

(d) Sketch y = f (x) and y = g(x) on the same axes (showing the points where the
curves intersect) for the following expressions of f and g:

i. f (x) = 2x 5 and g(x) = x2 4x.

ii. f (x) = x and g(x) = 6x x2 .
iii. f (x) = 3x 2 and g(x) = 3x x2 + 4.
iv. f (x) = x2 + 2x 4 and g(x) = 2x x2 + 4.

Page 10
Section F.4
Battikha
Application of Discriminant Theory

(a) Using discriminants, determine whether the following quadratic expressions are
positive definite, negative definite or neither (indefinite).

i. y = 2x2 3x + 2. v. y = 20 + 4x x2 .
ii. y = 6x 3x2 4. vi. y = 3x2 3x + 1.
iii. y = 2x x2 5. vii. y = 4x 2x2 3.
iv. y = 2x2 10x + 11. viii. y = 8 6x + 2x2 .

(b) Determine whether these quadratics have roots which are either I. real and
distinct, II. real and repeated or III. non-real. If the roots are real and distinct,
determine whether they are rational or irrational.

i. 4x2 4x + 1 = 0. vi. 4x2 16x + 16 = 0.

ii. 3x2 5x + 5 = 0. vii. 2x2 11x 21 = 0.
iii. x2 + 2x + 3 = 0. viii. x2 3 = 0.
iv. 6x2 + x 2 = 0. ix. 2x2 5x 4 = 0.
v. x2 3x 7 = 0. x. x2 x 42.

(c) Find values of k for which:

i. 3x2 2x + k is positive definite.
ii. kx2 6x + 2 is positive definite.
iii. 2x2 + 3x + k is negative definite.
iv. x2 (k + 1)x + (2k 1) is positive definite.
v. x2 + (k + 3)x + k(k + 3) is positive definite.

(d) For what value of does the equation x2 ( + 5)x + 9 = 0 have equal roots?
For what values will it have no real roots?

(e) If m and n are rational, show that each of the equations below have rational
roots. (Hint: find the value of and show that it is a perfect square).

i. 4x2 + (m 4)x m = 0.
ii. (m 1)x2 + mx + 1 = 0.
iii. mx2 + (2m + n)x + 2n = 0.
iv. 2mx2 (4m + 1)x + 2 = 0.
v. 2(m 2)x2 + (6 7m)x + 6m = 0. (*)
vi. (4m + 1)x2 2(m + 1)x + (1 2m) = 0. (*)

Page 11
(f) Prove that the roots of the following equations are real and distinct for all real
values of k.

i. x2 + kx 1 = 0.
ii. 3x2 + 2kx 4 = 0.
iii. kx2 (k + 4)x + 2 = 0.
iv. x2 + (k + 1)x + (k 2) = 0.

(g) If ↵, and c are all real, show that the equation (x ↵)(x ) = c2 always has
real roots. (*)

(h) For what values of k will the equation 12k(x2 2x) + 12(2x2 + x) = 38k + 11
have roots that are real? (*)

(i) The following are some challenging problems on discriminant theory.

i. Using discriminants, show that the line y = 2x 4 is a tangent to the

parabola y = (x 2)2 + 1. (*)

ii. For what values of k will the line y = kx + 1 be tangent to the parabola
x2 + y = 0?(*)

iii. For what values of m will the line y = mx + 4 be a tangent to the parabola
y = 3x2 + 5x + 7? (*)

iv. Find the lines through the point (1, 7) which are tangent to the parabola
y = (2 x)(1 + 3x).
p
v. Suppose that m = 2 c k. If the line y = mx+k is tangent to the parabola
y = x2 + bx + c, where b 6= 0, show that b can only take one value: b = 2m.
(**)

vi. Suppose a, b and c are real, and b2 6= ac. Show that the quadratic equation
(a2 + b2 )x2 + 2b(a + c)x + (b2 + c2 ) = 0 has no real roots.(**)

Page 12
Section F.5
Battikha
Elementary Polynomials
(a) Which of the following are polynomials? For these polynomials, identify the
leading term, the leading coefficient and the degree.

i. P (x) = x3 + 3x2 4x + 3, for all real x.

ii. P (x) = x4 3x2 + 2x + 1, for all real x.
iii. P (x) = 4x 4x5 + 3x3 , for all real x.
p p
iv. P (x) = x x x + 3x2 .
p p p 4
v. P (x) = 2x + 3x2 5x .
vi. P (x) = 23 x5 + 15 x4 1 2
4
x 1.
vii. P (x) = 2
x2
+ 2x2 1.
2 3
viii. P (x) = x 3 3x 5 .
x2 1
ix. P (x) = , for all real x.
x 1
x2 1
x. P (x) = , for x 6= 1.
x 1
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5
xi. P (x) = x0 + + + + + .
1 2⇥1 3⇥2⇥1 4⇥3⇥2⇥1 5⇥4⇥3⇥2⇥1
xii. P (x) = f (g(x)), where f (x) = 3x2 + 2x and g(x) = 1 x.
xiii. P (x) = f (g(x)), where f (x) and g(x) are polynomials.(*).

(b) Sketch the following polynomials, showing all important details (i.e. point of
inflexion, x and y intercepts and state the domain and range).

i. y = x3 + 8 xi. y = (x 1)(x 3)(x 5)

ii. y = x3 27 xii. y = 2(2 x)(4x 2)(x 4)
iii. y = 2x3 16 xiii. y = (3x 2)3
iv. y = (x + 3)3 27 xiv. y = (x 2)2 (x + 1)
v. y = 13 x3 + 9 xv. y = x2 (x + 3)2 (x2 9)
vi. y = 12 (x 1)3 4 xvi. y = (3x 1)(x2 13x + 42)
vii. y = 3(1 x)3 xvii. y = 3(x3 3x2 4x + 12)
viii. y = 32 12 (x 1)3 xviii. y = 2x3 2x2 2x + 2
ix. y = x2 (x 1) xix. y = x2 (x2 4)3 (x2 9)2
x. y = x(x2 4) xx. y = x3 (16 x2 )2 (9 x2 )3

Page 13
 (c) For each of the following, assume that P (x) ⌘ Q(x) for all real x in their domain.
Find a, b, c, d, e and f where appropriate.

i. P (x) = (x 3)(x 5)(x + 1), and Q(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d.

ii. P (x) = x(3x 2) and Q(x) = ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e.
1)(2x + 1)(x
p p
iii. P (x) = 4x3 + bx2 + cx + d and Q(x) = a(x 3)(x 2 + 2)(x + 2 2).
(*)

(d) i. If the polynomial P (x) = ax5 + bx4 + cx3 + dx2 + ex + f is odd, prove that
b = e = f = 0.(*).
ii. If the polynomial P (x) = ax5 + bx4 + cx3 + dx2 + ex + f is even, prove that
a = c = e = 0.(*).

(e) If P (x) is a polynomial of degree n and Q(x) is a polynomial of degree n + 3,

state the degree of:

i. P (x) + Q(x)
ii. (P (x))2
iii. (P (x) + Q(x))3
⇣ ⌘
iv. P (x) + x3 Q(x)

v. P (x) ⇥ Q(x)

Section F.6
Battikha
Sketching Hyperbolas

(a) Sketch the following hyperbolas, indicating all key features.

3 2
i. y = vi. y = 1
x x 1
2 3
ii. y = vii. y = +3
x 2x + 5
1 x
iii. y = viii. y =
x 2 x+1
2 2x
iv. y = ix. y =
x+3 x 2
1 3x 2
v. y = +2 x. y =
x x+2

Page 14
Section F.7
Battikha
Absolute Value Functions

(a) Sketch the following absolute value functions.

i. y = |x 2| vi. y = |5x + 1|

ii. y = |x + 3| vii. y = |x 1| + |x + 3|

iii. y = |2x 4| viii. y = |x 2| + |x + 4|

iv. y = |3x 2| ix. y = |2x 3| + |2x + 7|

v. y = |1 3x|

(b) Solve the following equalities and inequalities using either graphical or algebraic
methods.

i. |x 3| = 2 viii. |x 1| + |x + 5| = 6
ii. |x 1| = 5
ix. |x 1| + |x + 5| < 8
iii. |x + 3|  3
x. |x 3| + |x + 7| > 15
iv. |x + 1| 2
v. |2x 1| = 3 xi. |2x 3| = x

vi. |3x 4| = 9 xii. |1 3x| = 5x + 3

vii. |2 5x|  3

Page 15
Section F.8
Battikha
Reflections About the Axes

(a) Shown below is a sketch of the graph y = f (x).

Sketch the graphs of the functions y = f ( x), y = f (x) and y = f ( x).

(b) Shown below is a sketch of the graph y = f (x).

Page 16
 Sketch the graphs of the functions y = f ( x), y = f (x) and y = f ( x).

(c) Shown below is a sketch of the graph y = f (x).

Sketch the graphs of the functions y = f ( x), y = f (x) and y = f ( x).

(d) Shown below is a sketch of the graph y = f (x).

Sketch the graphs of the functions y = f ( x), y = f (x) and y = f ( x).

Page 17
Section F.9
Battikha
Circles and Semi-Circles

(a) Sketch the following circles, clearly indicating the centre, radius and any inter-
cepts.

i. x2 + y 2 = 16 iv. (x 12)2 + (x + 5)2 = 169

ii. x2 + y 2 = 7 v. (x 2)2 + (x 2)2 = 4
iii. (x 12)2 + (x + 5)2 = 100 vi. (x + 7)2 + (x 3)2 = 58

(b) Sketch the following circles, clearly indicating the centre, radius and any inter-
cepts.

i. x2 + 4x + y 2 + 6x = 0 v. x(x 3) + y(y + 5) = 10
ii. x2 8x + y 2 + 10x = 0
vi. 3x2 + 7x + 3y 2 + 11y + 4 = 0
iii. x2 + 7x + y 2 + 4y = 0
iv. 5x2 + 10x + 5y 2 + 15y = 0 vii. 5x2 + 10x + 5y 2 y=3

(c) Sketch the following semi-circles, clearly indicating the centre, radius and any
intercepts.
p p
i. y = 4 x2 vii. y = 9 (x + 3)2
p p
ii. y = 16 x2 + 4 viii. y = 10x x2
p p
iii. y = 9 (x 2)2 ix. y = 6x x2
p p
iv. y = 36 x2 x. y = 7 49 x2
p p
v. y = 1 (x + 1)2 xi. y = 5 10x x2
p p
vi. y = 4 (x + 2)2 xii. y = 16x x2 + 4

(d) Prove that the circles x2 + y 2 = 4 and (x 3)2 + (y + 4)2 = 10 intersect at two
distinct points.

(e) Let C1 be the circle x2 8x+y 2 6y = 0, and C2 be x2 48x+y 2 +24y +320 = 0.

Prove that C1 and C2 have a common tangent.

Page 18
Section F.10
Battikha
Exponentials and Square Roots

(a) Sketch the following exponential curves, stating the domain and range for each.
Clearly identify any intercepts.

i. = 3x
y vi. y = 1 2 x

ii. = 2 ⇥ 5x
y
vii. y = 1 + 2 x
iii. = 41 x
y
iv. =3 x
y viii. y = 3(2x+1 ) 3
⇣ 1 ⌘2x
v. y = 2 ix. y = 2 2(5 x )
3
(b) Sketch the following square root functions, stating the domain and range for
each. Clearly identify any intercepts.
p p
i. y = x 2 vi. y = 3 x+4
p p
ii. y = 2 x vii. y = 8 2 3 x
p
iii. y = x+2 p
p viii. y = 4 + x+2
iv. y = x + 9 + 2
p p
v. y = 2 x 2 ix. y = 3 + 1 x

Section F.11
Battikha
Further Transformations and Piecewise Functions

(a) Consider the function f (x) = x. Sketch separate graphs for:

i. y = 12 f (x) v. y = 2f (x 1) 4
ii. y = 2f (x + 1) vi. y = 6 3f (x)
iii. y = 12 f (x + 2) vii. y = 10 3f (x + 2)
iv. y = f (2(x 1)) viii. y = 8 2f (4 x)
1
(b) Repeat a) but for the function f (x) = .
x

(c) Repeat a) but for the function f (x) = x2 .

(d) Repeat a) but for the function f (x) = x3 .

(e) Repeat a) but for the function f (x) = |x|.

Page 19
(f) Repeat a) but for the function f (x) = 4x .

p
(g) Repeat a) but for the function f (x) = x.

(h) Sketch the following curves, stating the domain and range for each. Clearly
identify any intercepts.
i. y = f (x), where 8
>
<x
2
if x 2 (0, 1)
f (x) = x if x 2 [ 2, 0]
>
:
x+4 if x 2 ( 1, 2)

ii. y = f (x), where

8
>
<2
x
if x 2 (0, 1)
f (x) = 1 if x 2 [ 2, 0]
>
: (x+2)
2 if x 2 ( 1, 2)

Does this graph exhibit any form of symmetry, and if so in what way?

iii. y = f (x), where

8
>
<1 (x 1)
3
if x 2 (1, 1)
f (x) = |x| if x 2 [ 1, 1]
>
:
1 + (x + 1)3 if x 2 ( 1, 1)

Is f (x) even or odd? Try to give a full algebraic proof.

iv. y = f (x), where

8 p
>
<4 2 x 3 if x 2 (3, 1)
f (x) = 4
x if x 2 [ 3, 3]
> 3p
:
2 (x + 3) 4 if x 2 ( 1, 3)

Is f (x) even or odd? Try to give a full algebraic proof.

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Section F.12
Battikha
Finding the Equation of Graphs
(a) Find the equation of the following
line:

(e) Find the equation of the following

(b) Find the equation of the following polynomial of degree 3:
cubic:

(c) Find the equation of the following

(f) Find the equation of the following
parabola:
absolute value curve:

(d) Find the equation of the following

parabola:

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(g) Find the equation of the following (j) Find the equation of the following
square root curve: circle:

(h) Find the equation of the following (k) Find the equation of the following
parabola: square root curve:

(i) Find the equation of the following (l) Find the equation of the following
hyperbola: parabola:

Page 22
Section F.13
Battikha
Horizontal and Vertical Asymptotes

Sketch the following functions, clearing showing all intercepts, and horizontal and
vertical asymptotes.

x x2
(a) y = (g) y =
x 1 x2 9
x
(b) y =
x+3 x 2
(h) y =
x2 16
x
(c) y =
x2 16
x2 1
(i) y =
x2 4 x2 4
(d) y =
x 2
x
x 4 (j) y =
(e) y = 2 x2 x 6
x 16

x 2x2 8
(f) y = (k) y =
2
x +4 x2 + x 30

Section F.14
Battikha
Solving Equalities and Inequalities With Graphs

(a) By sketching the graphs of y = 3x and y = x1 , determine how many solutions

there are for the equation 3x x1 = 0.

(b) By sketching the graphs of y = x(x 3) and y = 12 x, find the number of solutions
for the equation x(x 3) = 12 x.

p
(c) Consider the function f (x) = (1 x)(x 9).

i. By completing the square or otherwise, show that the function f (x) is a

semi-circle, and hence sketch y = f (x) to scale.
p
ii. Hence find the number of solutions to (1 x)(x 9 = x.

Page 23
 p
(d) Consider the function f (x) = 2 2x + 4.

i. On a diagram to scale, sketch y = f (x).

p
ii. Hence determine the number of solutions to the equation 2 2x + 4+x = 0.

(e) Find the number of solutions to the intersection with the circle x2 + y 2 = r2 and
1
the hyperbola y = if:
x
i. r = 2

ii. r = 1

iii. r = 0.5

(f) Sketch the graphs of y = x(3 x) and y = 2x showing any points of intersection,
and hence solve 2x  x(3 x).

(g) Sketch the graphs of C : x2 + (y 2)2 = 4 and L : y = mx + 2, and hence find

show that the distance between the points of intersection of the curves C and L
are independant of m.

x x
(h) Sketch y = and y = 2x 3, and hence solve  2x 3.
x 2 x 2

x2 4
(i) Consider the function f (x) = .
x2 9
i. Sketch the graph y = f (x) and y = 2 and hence solve the inequality
x2 4
< 2.
x2 9
x2 4
ii. For what value of k will the equation = k have no real roots?
x2 9
x2 4
iii. Using your graph, solve 0.
x2 9

x3 4x x3 4x
(j) Sketch y = , and hence solve 0.
x2 1 x2 1

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Section F.15
Battikha
Application of Functions

(a) The break-even point of a company is the exact point when the total costs of a
business equal to the revenue (the total money brought in). For each set of cost
and revenue functions below, find 1. the break-even point, 2. the revenue at the
break even point and 3. the profit function P :

i. C = 5x + 200 and R = 15x.

ii. C = 15x + 3000 and R = 45x.
iii. C = 0.5x + 100 and R = 1.5x.
iv. C = 0.3x + 5000 and R = 1.1x.

(b) The break-even point of a company is the exact point when the total costs of a
business equal to the revenue (the total money brought in). Suved’s company,
Hectic Stones, manufactures bricks for the building industry.

The fixed cost (a constant expense that the company must incur irrespective
of how many bricks they sell) is $60,000 a year. The cost of making each brick
is an additional 60 cents per brick.

The current market selling price of each brick is $1.60.

i. Suppose the number of bricks is x. If CT represents the total costs in dollars,

explain why CT = 60000 + 0.6x.
ii. Find R, the total revenue, in terms of x (revenue is the amount of money
generated in total with sales).
iii. Find the break-even point for the business (i.e. how many bricks need to be
sold in order for the company not to make any loss).
iv. Suppose Suved’s company can make a maximum of 100,000 bricks per year.
How much profit does he make if his company runs at full capacity?
v. Due to competition in the market, the price that the bricks are sold drops
by 10 cents. Increases taxes also affect the fixed costs, increasing them
to $90,000 a year. Is his company capable of being profitable in this new
market environment?(*).
vi. Due to this new market environment, Suved adopts new technologies that
increases his maximum capacity to 200,000 bricks and lowers the cost of
each brick to make by 12 cents. How many bricks must he sell to make a
profit of $73,200? (*).

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(c) A poultry farmer sells chickens to the market at a selling price of $5 per chicken.
The fixed costs for his year are $40,000 to maintain the farm, and each chicken
costs an additional $1.50 to make.

i. What is the break-even point for that year in terms of the revenue he needs
to raise?
ii. How many chickens must he sell to make a million dollars in profit over ten
years?

(d) Jessie buys a coffee cart for $20,000./ His repayments work out to be $90 per
day for the first year. He calculates that it will cost him $1.20 per cup of coffee
for the ingredients. He sells coffee at $4.20 per cup, and sells x cupts of coffees
per day.

i. Write down the cost function C and the revenue function R in terms of x.

ii. What is his break-even point?

iii. Write the profit funcgtion P .

iv. Write the profit function P .

v. What is his profit if he sells 150 cups per day?

(e) Bob runs a market stall at the weekends, selling paintings on the black market.
It costs him $90 per day for the site. It costs her on average $4 per painting that
she sells, ans she sells them for an average price of $10. If she sells x articles
each day, find:

i. the cost function CR and the revenue function R in terms of x.

ii. her break-even point.

iii. the profit she will make if she sells 40 paintings in a day.

iv. On Monday, she sells 30 paintings, and on Tuesday she only sells 10. Over
the two days, does she make a profit, or a loss? And by how much?

(f) A company has fixed costs of $300,000 and produces one product with a selling
price of $72.00 and a variable cost of $42.00 per unit. Find the break-even point
in terms of both units and revenue.

(g) A contractor has 8 trucks. Some trucks carry a load of 10 tonnes and the other
trucks carry a load of 5 tonnes. When all 8 trucks are filled, they contain a total
load of 70 tonnes. How many of each size of truck does the contractor own?

Page 26
(h) Tickets to a movie cost $15 for adults and $12 for children. If 1000 people paid
to see a movie and the total money paid was $13 800, how many adults and how
many children were there?

(i) Using an algorithm called an insertion sort, Sam’s old computer can sort N
numbers from least to greatest in t seconds where t = 3.32N 2 1.42N . Sam
runs an insertion sort algorithm at exactly 1:00:00pm.

i. Sketch the graph t = 3.32N 2 1.42N , by putting N on the horizontal

axis and t on the vertical axis. (If it makes more sense to you, just sketch
y = 3.32x2 1.42x and then change the variables on the axes at the end).
ii. If the computer stops running at 1:00:07pm, how many numbers did it sort?
Give your answer to the nearest whole number.
iii. Sam finds that the computer’s reading of the run time could be up to 0.5
seconds off. In other words, even though the computer says 7 seconds has
passed, it is possible only 6.5 seconds has passed, or up to 7.5 seconds has
passed. Find the range of numbers that N could be, correct to the nearest
whole number.(*)

(j) The rate of change R of a cattle population of size x being harvested can be
modelled by the equation

R(x) = g(x) h(x),

⇣ ⌘
where the quadratic function g(x) = 0.2x 1 100 x
represents the breeding rate
of the cattle and the linear function h(x) = 0.1x represents the rate at which
cattle is harvested.

i. Carefully sketch a graph of the parabola y = g(x) on a one third page dia-
gram, showing all key features (vertex, axis of symmetry and all intercepts).
ii. Farmers are interested in stable equilibrium points. This occurs when the
rate that the cattle breed is precisely equal to the rate they are harvested.
Briefly explain why this corresponds to R(x) = 0.
iii. Find the number of cattle that corresponds to the stable equilibrium value.
iv. Hence sketch y = h(x) on the same graph in part i., showing where it meets
the curve y = g(x).

End of Functions

Page 27