L1: ALLHALLOWTIDE
Undras/Undas = Honra in Spanish, meaning “to give respect”
Allhallowtide
- A sacred three-day period from Oct 31 to Nov 2, encompassing all Saints Eve (Halloween),
Saint’s Day and All Souls’ Day. This triduum is dedicated to remembering and honoring saints,
martyrs, and all the faithful departed.
Date of ‘All Hallow’s Eve’
- Oct 31
All Hallow’s Eve (Purple Vestments)
- Known as Halloween Day, it is the Vigil of All Saints’ Day or the night before, which is celebrated
on Nov 1. An evening time for Catholics to prepare solemnity of All Saints day by
honoring/remembering
- Nov 1 (Date of All Hallows Day/ All Saints Day)
All Saints Day (White Vestments)
- Holy day of Obligation, celebrated in Nov 1. This solemnity honors all saints both canonized and
those who have not, recognizing their exemplary lives and their eternal presence in heaven
All Souls Day (Black/Purple Vestments)
- Celebrated on Nov 2. Dedicated to praying for the souls of all the faithful departed who are
undergoing purification in purgatory. This solemn commemoration where Catholics remember
and pray for those who have died, especially for those who have not yet reached heaven.
HALLOW
- Term: To make holy / to sanctify. From the Old English, the word “halig” means holy or saint
HALLOWEEN
- Term: Refers to the vigil before All Hallows’ Day, the day of honoring the saints and not the evil
SAINT
- Term: Latin, ‘Sanctus’ (Holy). A holy person who is recognized for their heroic virtue and is
believed to be in Heaven.
CANONIZATION
- Formal process where the church officially declares a person a saint. It involves a rigorous
investigation of the person’s life and virtues and requires evidence of heroic virtue
MARTYR (White, Blue, Red Martyrdom)
White – Being persecuted for the faith, but never shedding any blood
Blue – Extreme penance and fasting out of love for God
Red – Giving one’s physical life, bearing witness unto death
- A martyr is someone who has died as a result of their faith. This can include people who have
been killed for refusing to renounce their faith, as well as those who have died while defending
the church or its teachings. Greek word: Martus = “Witness”
Holy Day of Obligation
- Days on which the faithful are obliged to participate in the Mass. They have also abstained from
unnecessary works.
DEATH
- The separation of a person’s immortal
Soul from their mortal body
JUDGEMENT
- The full account of one’s life is assessed
By God to determine their final moral
HEAVEN
- The eternal state of perfect happiness
From the f2f encounter with God
HELL
- The eternal state of despair and torment for those who have rejected God
PURGATORY
- State of purification after death for souls who are destined for Heaven but still need to be
cleansed of remaining sin or imperfections. The final purification
COMMUNION OF SAINTS
- The belief that all God’s people in Heaven, on earth, and those in Purgatory are linked together
in communion, and thus form One Church.
- Militant = The faithful on Earth who are still striving to live a holy life and grow in their faith
- Penitent = The souls in Purgatory who are being purified before entering Heaven
- Triumphant = The saints in heaven who are eternally united with God
Gist
- The main point and idea of something, without unnecessary details
- UNDAS = Acronym for the forgotten Spanish phrase “UNos Dias de las Almas y de los Santos”
(Days of the Souls & of the Saints).
Boniface IV – Observance of all martyrs every may 13 when he dedicated the Pantheon in Rome as a
church to the Blessed Virgin Mary and the martyrs.
Gregory III – Moved the feast of all Saints Day to November 1, dedication day of all Saints Chapel
inside St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome. Broadened celebration includes non-martyr saints.
Gregory IV – Declared November 1 the general observance of All Saints Day in the church.
Saint Odilo of Cluny – France, added observance of all Souls Day on November 2 and it eventually
spread throughout Europe and to the rest of the world.
Sixtus IV – Expanded Allhallowtide triduum into a full octave
Pius XII – Eliminated the expanded 8-day celebration of Allhallowtide and returned it to just a three-
day observance.
L2: LITURGICAL YEAR
- Known as the church year or Christian year, is the celebration of a series of religious feasts and
seasons.
- Dec 1 = The 1st Sunday of Advent, the starting point of liturgical year
- Has 6 seasons
- Shortest season: Easter Triduum
- Longest Season: Ordinary Time II
Pope Pius XI: In 1925, Instituted the feast of Christ the King
Pope Paul VI: In 1969, he changed the title and date of the feast
SOLEMNITIES (Highest rank celebrated in the Catholic Church)
- Rank 1, complete celebration, complete mass parts, complete mass readings, mass text: Specific
FEASTS (Lives of Saints and Christ)
- Rank 2, Obligatory, mass part: Gloria, Mass readings: 2, specific, Mass text: Specific
MEMORIALS (Honor Saints, Martyrs, and other holy men and women)
- Rank 3, Obligatory, no mass part, 2 Mass readings, Mass text: Ordinary
FERIAL DAYS
- Known as “Weekdays”, no particular celebration (Sunday, Solemnity, Feast, Obligatory
Memorial, Optional Memorial) occurs on these days.
Advent – Jesus is coming
Christmas – Jesus is born/nativity
Ordinary Time – Jesus teaches/preacher
Lent – Jesus will die and rise
Paschal Triduum – Jesus suffers and is crucified
Easter – Jesus rises/resurrection
Ordinary time II – Second Coming of Jesus
Total number of weeks that comprise the Advent Season: 4 weeks
Solemnity of Nativity of Jesus – The start of the Christmas Season
Epiphany of Jesus Sunday / Baptism of Jesus Sunday – The end of Christmas Season
Ordinary time I – Season that follows after the Christmas Season
Ash Wednesday – The start of Lenten Season
Spy Wednesday – The end of Lenten Season
Total no. of days that comprise Lenten Season – 40 days
Palm Sunday – The start of Holy Week
Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, Black Saturday – The days of the holy week comprise the
Lenten/Easter/Paschal Triduum
Easter Sunday – The start of the Easter Season
Pentecost Sunday – The end of the Easter Season
Total no. of days comprises the Easter Season – 50 days
Gospel of Matthew, Luke, Mark – The three synoptic Gospels
Gospel of John – Gospel that is read during Easter Season
3 Years – The number of years that divide the Sunday cycle of the four Gospels
2 Years – The number of years that divide the weekdays cycle of the four Gospels
Year II – 2024, the weekday Gospel readings are taken
Advent Season – Immaculate Concepcion is celebrated
Christmas Season – Epiphany is celebrated
Easter Season – Ascension Sunday is celebrated
Ordinary Time II – All Hallowtide is observed and celebrated
Liturgical colors
Green – Symbolizes life and hope
Red – Symbolizes love, blood, sacrifice, and martyrdom
Purple/Violet – Symbolizes preparation, penance, sorrow, and repentance
White – Symbolizes light, innocence, and purity
Gold/Yellow – Symbolizes glory, royalty, triumph
Pink/Rose (twice every liturgical year) – Symbolizes happiness, joy, and rejoicing
Black – Symbolizes sorrow and mourning
(Cerulean) blue – Symbolizes the Blessed Virgin Mary
White/Gold/Yellow – Usually used during solemnities
Pink/Rose – Rarest of all the liturgical colors
Gaudete Sunday / Laetare Sunday – Pink/Rose is used and worn in the liturgical celebrations
L3: ADVENT SEASON
Solemnity of Christ the King – The solemnity celebrated on the last Sunday of the Liturgical Year
November 24 – Date for 2024 of the Solemnity of Christ The King (Last Sunday of Ordinary time I)
Advent Season – First season of the Liturgical Year
December 1 – The first day (Sunday) of Advent Season
4 – The total number of Sundays that comprise the Advent Season
November 30 – Feast date of St. Andrew, the Apostle
December 6 – Feast date of St. Nicholas of Myra
December 8 – Feast date of Blessed Virgin Mary as Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception
December 10 – Feast date of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Our Lady of Loreto
December 12 – Feast date of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Our Lady of Guadalupe
Coming or Arrival – English translation of the Latin “Adventus”, associated with 4 weeks of preparation
of Christmas
Jesus – The person coming or arriving
Advent is a time for repentance
Atleast once a year – Minimum requirement for the number of times a Catholic should go to Confession
Corporal Works of Mercy – First kind of Works of Mercy that addresses the bodily necessities of a
person
Spiritual Works of Mercy – Second kind of Works of Mercy that addresses the spiritual necessities of a
person
CANDLES OF ADVENT
1st week HOPE (Purple) – Prophecy Candle
2nd week PEACE (Purple) – Bethlehem Candle
3rd week JOY (Pink) – Shepherd’s Candle
4th week LOVE (Purple) – Angel’s Candle
2 parts of Advent
First Sunday – December 16, and December 17 – December 24
2 – The number of parts which divides Advent Season
Gloria – Part of the Mass that is not recited or sung during Advent Season
Purple / Violet – Dominant liturgical color used during Advent Season
Pink / Rose – Liturgical color used during the Third Sunday of Advent Season
Gaudete Sunday – Term used to refer to the third Sunday of Advent Season
“Gaudete = Rejoice”
Eschatology – Part of theology concerned with the study of death, judgement, and the final destiny of
the soul and of mankind
Parousia – Greek word used to refer to the Second Coming of Christ
Maranatha – Aramaic greeting which means “Come, O Lord” or “The Lord is coming”
Three Types of Jesus Christ’s Coming
- Actual Birth of Jesus, Arrival of Jesus in Men’s Hearts, Second Coming of Jesus
Isaiah – The Prophetic book from which the First Readings for Advent Season are taken from
Messiah – Aramaic word used to refer to Jesus as the “Anointed one”
Christ – Greek word used to refer to Jesus as the “Anointed one”
Saint Nicholas – A saint from whom the character of Santa Claus is derived from or is based on
(Advent) Wreath – The first missionaries in Europe took advantage of pagan traditions to evangelize,
one of them consisted of lighting candles during the winter which is represented the Sun God
Christmas Tree – The Germans believed that the world was held in the branches of a tree called “Gold
Odin”. Each winter solstice, they worshipped the tree by decorating it with torches.
Nativity Scene – According to tradition, St. Francis of Assisi is the initiator of this Christmas symbol
which became popular and later on, figures were used instead of peoples and animals
Holly – A plant represents the “Crown of thorns” that Jesus wore during his passion
Poinsettia – A plant symbolizes the burning, divine love of Jesus, and reminds us of the “star of
Bethlehem”
Mistletoe – A plant symbolizes “Christ the Divine Healer” of all nations
Ivy – A plant symbolizes fidelity to Christ and the undying affection for Jesus
Simbang Gabi – 9 day of dawn masses practiced by Catholics in the Philippines in anticipation of
Christmas
Pope Francis – The first pope to lead the celebration of Simbang Gabi for the Filipino community
Christmas lights are not lighted yet
CHRISTMAS SEASON
- The celebration of the birth of Jesus
- White or Gold is the liturgical color for this season
(Only 3 birthdays on the liturgical calendar)
June 24 – Birth of St. John the Baptist
Sept 8 – Birth of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Dec 25 – Birth of Jesus Christ
Christmas Day & Nativity of the Lord (Dec 25) – Holy Day of Obligation
Xmas is the same as Christmas
Noel – A term used for both greeting & prayer during Advent and Christmas season
Matthew & Luke – Records the birth of Jesus and the different events surrounds it
Epiphany day – January 5
Baptism – January 12
12 DAYS OF CHRISTMAS
Dec 25 – A Partridge in a Pear Tree Dec 26 - Two Turtledoves Dec 27 – Three French Hens
Dec 28 – The Four Calling Birds Dec 29 – The Five Golden Rings Dec 30 – Six Geese A-Laying
Dec 31 – Seven Swans A-Swimming Jan 1 – Eight Maids A-Milking Jan 2 – Nine Ladies Dancing
Jan 3 – Ten Lords A-Leaping Jan 4 – Eleven Pipers Piping
Panunuluyan – A key part of Catholics’ Christmas Eve celebrations, traditional re-enactment by present-
day faithful
Octave – Eight-day period which Easter or Christmas is celebrated, octave starts from Dec 25 to Jan 1
Incarnation – Means “becoming flesh”. God the Son took himself a human nature like our own
Emmanuel – Hebrew word of “God with us”
Blasphemy – To say/ do something insulting against God, or to claim yourself what only belongs to God
Feast of the Holy Family – Moveable feast that is celebrated every last Sunday of the ordinary year
Theotokos – Mary, Holy Mother of God (Greek terms)
OCTAVE DAYS
Dec 25 – The Nativity of our Lord Dec 26 – St. Stephen (The First Martyr)
Dec 27 – Feast of St. John (Beloved Disciple) Dec 28 – Feast of the Holy Innocents
Dec 29 – St. Thomas Becket & Feast of the Holy Family (Virgin Mary, Jesus Christ, St. Joseph)
Dec 30 - 31 – Ferial Day (No Saint) December 31 – Commemoration of St. Sylvester I
Jan 1 – Solemnity of Mary Mother of God Jan 3 – Memorial of the Most Holy Name of Jesus
Jan 5 – Solemnity of the Epiphany of Jesus
Epiphany – Greek word “epiphainen” which means “To manifest”
3 Wise Men – Melchor (Arabia), Gaspar, (Emperor of Orient), Baltazar (Nubian King)
The Symbolic Gifts – Gold, Frankincense, Myrrh
Jan 12 – Feast of the Baptism of Jesus (Last Sunday of Christmas)
