CLASS 8
Subject: Social Science
Title of the book: Resources & Development
Chapter 6- Human Resources
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Question/Answers are to be written in Social Science notebook.
2. Youtube link is provided for the explanation of the chapter.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLFAA4oaQL0
People are a nation’s greatest resource. It is people with their skills and abilities that turn them
into ‘resource’. Hence, human resource is ultimate resource.
Healthy, educated and motivated people develop resources are
per their requirements.
Like other resources, human resources are not equally
distributed over the world.
Human resource is one of the pillars for a nation’s
development.
A country is considered to be rich in human resource if the population of a country is high.
Distribution of Population:
More people live towards the north of
Equator than south of equator. Also
almost three-quarters of the world’s
people live in the continents of Asia
and Africa.
Most of the population Some areas are sparsely populated
concentrates in the tropical region while some areas are densely
of the world as this region is rich in populated due to the presence of relief
resources. features, climate conditions etc.
The pattern of population
The distribution of distribution refers to the
population is extremely way in which people are
uneven everywhere. spread across the earth
surface.
Density of Population:
The number of the people living in a unit area of the earth’s surface is called population density.
The average density of population in the whole world is 51 persons per square km.
South Central Asia has the highest density of population followed by East and South East
Asia.
Indonesia is the densest nation of the world.
Density of India is 382 persons per sq km, which is one of the highest in the world.
Geographical Factors Affecting Distribution of Population:
TOPOGRAPHY
MINERALS CLIMATE
WATER SOIL
People prefer to live on plains because those areas are suitable for farming, manufacturing
and service activities.
Climate: People prefer to live in moderate climate. They avoid extreme climates that are
very hot or very cold.
Soil: Fertile soil provides suitable land for agriculture. These areas are densely populated.
Water: People prefer to live in areas where fresh water is easily available.
Minerals: Areas with mineral deposits are more populated.
Topography: Most of the population resides in plain areas as it provides better condition to
live and employment as well.
Social, Cultural and Economic Factors:
Areas of better housing, education, health facilities are more densely populated.
Places with religious or cultural significance attract people.
Industrial areas provide employment opportunities. Large numbers of people are
attracted to these areas.
Countries which are politically stable give better living conditions to their citizens.
Population Change:
The change in the number of people during a specific time is called population change.
Reason of Population Change
Changes in the number of births and deaths and
migration.
Reason of Population Change
Natural growth rate refers to the difference between
the birth rate and the death rate of a country.
Reason of Population Change
Migration: movement of people in and out of an
area.
Population Composition:
Population composition is the structure of the population with various aspects such as sex,
age, literacy level, health condition, occupation and income level.
The population composition of a country is described as population pyramid, which also
called an age-sex pyramid.
The shape of population pyramid, shows the people living in that particular country.
The number of children (below 15 years) are shown at the bottom and reflect the level of
births. The size on the top shows the number of aged people (above 65 years) and reflects
the number of deaths.
The population pyramid shows young dependents (aged below 15 years) and elderly
dependents (aged over 65 years). The working class (in the middle group) constitutes the
economically active segment.
Least developed countries pyramids are broad at base but starts tapering in the middle
which shows higher death rate.
Different countries show different patterns of population pyramids. Eg:-
o In Japan, low birth rates make the pyramid narrow at the base. Decreased death rates
allow numbers of people to reach old age.
o India shows the birth pyramid which is broad at the base and thick in middle and tapper
towards end. it means India has a healthy population at middle age which shows the
availability of human resource.
Question-Answers:
Q1. Why are people considered a resource?
Ans: Human resource is considered to be an important and potential resource for the society.
It is so because in accordance to their demands and abilities, they can create new resources.
Nature’s treasure becomes beneficial only when people make use of them.
Q2. What are the causes of uneven distribution of population in the world?
Ans: The causes for the uneven distribution of population in the world are:
Topography- People prefer to live in plain areas than in mountainous areas.
Climate- Population does not thrive in areas that have extreme climate.
Soil- Fertile soil is considered suitable for agriculture. Thus fertile plains are densely
populated.
Water- People prefer to settle in areas where fresh water is available.
Social- People prefer to reside in areas which has better housing, education & health
facilities.
Cultural & Economic- Places with cultural and economic significance attract people.
Industrial areas provide employment opportunities.
Q3. The world population has grown very rapidly. Why?
Ans: The world population has grown very rapidly specifically after 1800s due to-
Growth in food supplies
Improvement in medical facilities
Reduced death rate
Birth rate remains the same
Q4. Enlist the factors influencing population change.
Ans: a) Birth Rate- The number of live births per 1000 people is called birth rate. High birth rate
increases the population rapidly.
b) Death Rate- The number of deaths per 1000 people is called death rate. Earlier, death
rate was high so the population increased slowly but as the health facilities increased, the death
rate has decreased.
c) Migration- People moving within a country or from one country to another.
Immigration is when a person moves to another country for a purpose.
Emigration is when a person leaves a country.
In both cases, migration leads to population change.
Q5. What do you mean by population composition?
Ans: It refers to the structure of the population. The composition helps us to know the number of
males & females, their age groups, literacy, occupation, income & health conditions etc.
The population pyramid is one of the best ways to study population composition.
