BRAKES - SAE SUPRA (BUDGET: 60-70K)

REQUIRED COMPONENTS:
1. BRAKE PAD

2. BRAKE ROTOR
3. BRAKE CALIPER
4. BRAKE MASTER CYLINDER
5. BRAKE FLUID
6. BIAS BAR
7. STEEL & FLEXIBLE BRAKE LINES
8. BRAKE LIGHT
9. BRAKE PEDAL (steel or aluminium or machined from
steel)
 BREAK PADS:
Brake pads are a component of disc brakes used in
automotive and other applications There are mainly
three types of BRAKE PADS available, namely METALLIC
(or) SEMI-METALLIC, CERAMIC and ORGANIC brake
pads.
Popular Brake Pad Distribuitors in India:
 Sangsin HI-Q Brakes
 Ferodo
 Hindustan Fibres Limitedd.
 DEEKAY CLUTCHES.
 Central Auto Center.
 Hi Tech Gears..
 BANDO

METALLIC (or) SEMI - METALLIC brake pads

METALLIC/Semi metallic brake pads are between 30%
and 70% metal, including copper, iron, steel, and other
composite alloys. These
various metals are
combined with graphite
lubricant and other fillers
to complete the brake
pad. Performance-driven
drivers tend to prefer the metallic brake pads because
they offer improved braking performance in a much
more range of temperatures and conditions. Because
metal is a good conductor of heat, metallic brake pads
tend to withstand more heat while simultaneously
helping braking systems cool back down more quickly.
 Metallic pads also put more stress on the brake
system, adding more strain and wear on the brake
rotors. As far as price goes, metallic brake pads tend to
fall somewhere between organic and ceramic pads.
They tend to produce more brake dust than the other
two varieties as well.
A. NOISE LEVEL:
Metallic/Semi - Metallic brake pads tend to be noisier
than their ceramic or organic brake pads
B. DUST AND RESIDUE:
Semi – Metallic produce a lot of dust and residue
C. TEMPRATURES AND DRIVING CONDITIONS:
Metallic/semi-metallic pads also put more stress on the
brake system, adding more strain and wear on the
brake rotors.
D. PRICE:
As far as price goes, metallic/semi-metallic brake pads
tend to fall somewhere between organic and ceramic
pads.

CERAMIC Brake pads

This type of Brake pad is
made of CERAMIC,very
similar to the type of
ceramic used to make pottery and plates,
and with EMBEDDED COPPER WIRES to
increase friction and heat conductivity.
However, the material is denser and considerably more
durable.
Ceramic brake pads conduct less heat, due to this heat
is distribuited along to other braking system
components. As a result the Brakes respond much
more slowly, this condition is due to the heat
dissipation into the system.
Due to high manufacturing cost, their price is higher
and they are considerbly not reliable in extreme driving
conditions.

A. NOISE LEVEL:
They are very quiet, creating little -to - no extra noise
when brakes are applied.
B. DUST AND RESIDUE:
Compared to oragnic and semi - metallic brake pads,
ceramic brake pads tend to produce extremely low dust
and residues as they wear down.

C. TEMPRATURE AND DRIVING CONDITIONS:

Compared to other two types of Brake pads, ceramic
brake pads can be more reliable in a broader range of
tempratures and driving condtions.
D. PRICE:
They are most expensive among the other two types of
brake pads.

ORGANIC Brake pads

Organic brake pads are made of a mixture of fibers and
materials such as rubber, carbon compounds, glass or
fiberglass, and Kevlar, and are bound together with
resin. They tend to produce
less dust than some other
types of brake pads, such as
metallic pads, and are
available at a lower price point.
organic brake pads generate a
moderate amount of friction
without much heat being present, making them
suitable for drivers who use their cars for everyday
driving and commuting. Organic
brake pads also tend to be quiet and don’t put much
stress on the brake rotors.
 Organic brake pads can tend to wear out more quickly
because of their composite nature, meaning they might
have to be replaced more often. They also tend to
function best within a smaller range of temperatures.
They don’t perform as well as semi metallic brake pads
in extreme weather or when they are being pushed too
hard and overheat.
A. NOISE LEVEL:
Organic brake pads also tend to be quiet and don’t put
much stress on the brake rotors
B. DUST AND RESIDUE:
They tend to produce less dust than some other types
of brake pads, such as metallic pads

C. TEMPRATURE AND DRIVING CONDITIONS:

They tend to function best within a smaller range of
temperatures. They don’t perform as well as semi
metallic brake pads in extreme weather or when they
are being pushed too hard and overheat.
D. PRICE:
It has the Lowest price compared to Ceramic and Semi
– Metallic brake pads.
METALLIC/SEMI – METALLIC vs CERAMIC vs
ORGANIC BRAKE PADS
WHICH IS BEST FOR HADRON MOTORSPORTS?

BRAKE PAD TYPE ORGANI CERAMI SEMI-

C C METALLIC
PRICE ₹ ₹₹₹ ₹
₹
PERFORMAN LOW MEDIU
CE M HIGH
NOISE LOW VERY
LOW HIGH
WEAR & LOW VERY
TEAR LOW MEDIUM

Since brake pads are used for racing purpose in

HADRON MOTORSPORTS, It is best to use
METALLIC/SEMI-METALLIC Brake pads on our calipers.
Because, SEMI-METALLIC Brake pads offer improved
braking performance in a much more comprehensive
range of temperatures and conditions.
Metal is such a good conductor of heat, metallic brake
pads tend to withstand more heat while simultaneously
helping braking systems cool back down more quickly.
They also don’t compress as much as organic brakes,
meaning less pressure needs to be applied to the brake
pedal to affect stopping ability.
Metallic/semi-metallic brake pads are ideally suited for
demanding performance applications because they
have consistent pedal feel and dissipate heat well,
which is essential on a racetrack.
Brake pads and rotors generate a lot of heat when they
are in repeated use, and metallic pads conduct that
heat through the entire system, lowering localized heat
and resisting brake fade.

DISC ROTOR
An automotive brake disc or rotor is a device for
slowing or stopping the motion of a wheel while it runs
at a certain speed.

Without brake rotors, your vehicle would not be able to

stop safely or slow down after acceleration, aside from
gradual slowing due to friction with the air and the road
itself.

Vehicle has brake pads that clamp

down on wheels to stop them from
spinning. The rotors are the surfaces

those pads press down upon.

WILWOOD DYNALITE
MASTER CYLINDER:
 The brake master cylinder is a critical component of a
vehicle's braking system, responsible for converting the
force applied to the brake pedal into hydraulic pressure
that activates the brake calipers.

It is typically located on the firewall or other convenient

location in the engine compartment.

The master cylinder contains a reservoir that holds

brake fluid, which is used to transmit the pressure to
the brake lines & calipers.

If the master cylinder fails or malfunctions, it can lead

to decreased braking performance or even complete
brake failure, which can result in a serious accident.

The classification of the master cylinder can be based

on the number of cylinders utilised:

Single Circuit

1. The Single Circuit Master Cylinder operates within a

unique barrel, where the brake pedal's non-activated
state keeps the cylinder at rest, closing the valve and
preventing brake fluid contact.
2. When the brake pedal is engaged, the cylinder opens
the valve and allowing brake fluid to flow into the
pressure chamber. Once the brake fluid reaches a
specific pressure level, the outlet valve opens, directing
the highly compressed brake fluid through the brake
lines for further brake activation.

Double Circuit

1. In the case of the Double Circuit Master Cylinder, it

operates similarly to the single circuit counterpart with
about 70% similarity. However, in this design, two
independent circuits of braking are utilised. When the
brake pedals are not activated, the cylinder maintains
its position, closing the delta valves of both pressure
chambers to cut off the brake fluid supply between the
repository chambers.
BRAKE FLUID
Brake fluid is a crucial component of a vehicle's braking
system that helps to transmit the force applied to the
brake pedal to the brake calipers, allowing the vehicle
to slow down or come to a stop.

It is a type of hydraulic fluid that is typically made from

a glycol-ether or silicone-based compound.

Brake fluid is highly resistant to boiling, corrosion, &

degradation, & is designed to work effectively in a wide
range of temperatures.

Different types of brake fluids match the requirements

of specific braking systems. The most common ones
used today are DOT 3, DOT 4, DOT 5, and DOT 5.1
brake fluids.
DOT represents the Grade of the Brake fluid.

WHAT DOES BRAKE FLUID CONSIST OF?

Brake fluid consists of solvent (between 60 and 90%),

lubricating agents (5-30%), and additives (2-5%).
Furthermore, brake fluid additives include corrosion
inhibitors, which prevent corrosion of the brake system
metal parts, and antioxidants, which prevent solvent
breakdown and deposit formation.

TYPES

Brake fluid DOT 3 uses glycol ether as a solvent and a

conventional brake fluid used in vehicles produced up until the
1990s. It is suitable for all brake systems and all driving
conditions.

Brake fluid DOT 4 uses glycol ether and borate ester

compounds which improve its performance compared to DOT 3.
Cars produced after 2006 use it as a standard. Like its
predecessor, it is suitable for all brake systems and driving
conditions.

Brake fluid DOT 5.1 uses glycol ether and borate ester
compounds but has an enhanced performance like the silicon-
based DOT 5. We can say that it is a non-silicone version of
a bias bar is a component designed to control the
distribution of braking force between the front and rear
wheels. It's part of the mechanism that helps achieve
the desired brake bias.

If the balance bar is not set up properly, braking will not

perform as expected and will dramatically reduce the
vehicle’s control when under heavy braking.
Because most vehicles utilize a large brake caliper up
front, the brake system should have more of a front
end bias for optimal control. If not enough bias is given
to the front brakes, the odds of both the front and rear
wheels locking up simultaneously and sending the car
into a spin increases dramatically.

Rs. 800 - 1000 (500 ml)

BIAS(BALANCE) BAR:
The function of a balance bar is to allow the adjustment of
brake line pressure distribution between two master cylinders.

This is accomplished through moving the balance bar pivot

towards one master cylinder centerline or the other.
If the pivot is perfectly centered between the pushrods, the
force applied to each master cylinder will be equal. This is
called the “neutral position” of the bias adjuster.

If the pivot is moved closer to one pushrod or the other, then

the master cylinders will receive differential forces that are
inversely proportional to the distance between the balance bar
pivot point and master cylinder center lines.

Being able to move the pivot point allows the driver to make
incremental adjustments to the braking characteristics of the
car (front-to-rear brake bias) and to alter those characteristics
to account for changes in fuel load, track conditions and
handling of the car.
BIAS BAR SETUP:

WORKING
STEEL AND FLEXIBLE BRAKE LINES:
Brake lines are an essential component of a vehicle's
braking system, connecting the brake calipers to the
master cylinder & carrying hydraulic fluid that applies
pressure to the brake pads.

Brake lines are typically made from steel or other

strong materials, as they are exposed to high pressure
& temperature during operation.

Material:
Steel brake lines are typically made of steel tubing,
which is known for its durability and resistance to
corrosion. The use of steel ensures that the brake lines
can withstand the pressures and stresses associated
with the braking system.

Safety:
The safety of a vehicle's braking system is paramount.
Steel brake lines are designed to handle high-pressure
brake fluid without expanding or rupturing. This
ensures that the braking force is transmitted reliably
from the master cylinder to the brake calipers or wheel
cylinders.

Flexible brake lines, often referred to as brake hoses or

brake lines, are essential components in a vehicle's
braking system. Unlike rigid steel brake lines, flexible
brake lines are made of reinforced rubber or other
flexible materials.

Material:
Flexible brake lines are typically made of synthetic
rubber or other flexible materials. The inner lining is
designed to withstand brake fluid, while the outer
layers provide protection and flexibility.
Absorption of Vibration:
In addition to accommodating movement, flexible
brake lines help absorb vibrations and shocks
generated during driving. This is crucial for maintaining
consistent braking performance and preventing
premature wear on brake components.

Temperature Resistance: Flexible brake lines must

be resistant to the heat generated during braking. The