A POCKET GUIDE TO

GEOMETRICAL PRODUCT
SPECIFICATIONS (GPS)
In accordance with ISO

2020 ISSUE R3
0
 Table of Contents

WHAT IS GEOMETRICAL DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING ............................................................................. 2

GEOMETRICAL CHARACTERISTIC SYMBOLS ........................................................................................................... 3

ADDITIONAL SYMBOLS ............................................................................................................................................ 4

COMMON TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ..................................................................................................................... 5

TOLERANCE INDICATOR ............................................................................................................................................ 6

GENERAL RULES........................................................................................................................................................ 8

THE DATUM SYSTEM.............................................................................................................................................. 11

DATUM TARGETS ................................................................................................................................................... 17

STRAIGHTNESS ....................................................................................................................................................... 20

FLATNESS ................................................................................................................................................................ 22

ROUNDNESS ........................................................................................................................................................... 23

CYLINDRICITY .......................................................................................................................................................... 24

PROFILE ................................................................................................................................................................... 26

PARALLELISM .......................................................................................................................................................... 31

PERPENDICULARITY................................................................................................................................................ 34

ANGULARITY ........................................................................................................................................................... 37

POSITION................................................................................................................................................................. 39

SYMMETRY ............................................................................................................................................................. 58

CONCENTRICITY/COAXIALITY ................................................................................................................................ 59

RUNOUT.................................................................................................................................................................. 61

1
 WHAT IS GEOMETRICAL DIMENSIONING AND
TOLERANCING

Geometrical Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) is an international

drawing language that communicates a part's functional requirements,
defines common datum system, controls tooling and assembly interfaces
and complies with a uniform international standard.

It applies across the entire design, manufacture, quality and Assembly

processes.

The techniques and principles of Geometrical Dimensioning &

Tolerancing consider the actual function of the part, allowing for maximum
tolerances at all stages of the manufacturing process. When applied
properly gives you noticeable cost benefits.

2
 GEOMETRICAL CHARACTERISTIC SYMBOLS

TYPE CHARACTERISTIC SYMBOL DATUM

Straightness 
Flatness 
Form
No Datum
Tolerances Roundness 

Cylindricity 

Line Profile  With or

Profile
Without
Tolerances
Surface Profile  Datum

Parallelism 
Orientation With
Tolerances
Perpendicularity  Datum
Angularity 

Position 
Location With
Tolerances
Concentricity/Coaxiality  Datum

Symmetry 

Run-out Circular Run-out 

With
Tolerances
Datum
Total Run-out 

3
 ADDITIONAL SYMBOLS
TERM SYMBOL
Diameter n

Number of places 8x

Auxiliary Dimension (20)

Arc Length k20

Spherical Radius SR20

Spherical Diameter Sn20

Square Shape o
Dimension origin

Projected Tolerance Zone p

All Around

MATERIAL CONDITIONS
When indicated in the tolerance zone or Datum Referance Frame

TERM SYMBOL

Maximum Material Requirement 

Least Material Requirement 
Regardles of Feature Size NONE

4
 COMMON TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
THEORETICALLY EXACT DIMENSION
A numerical value used to describe the theoretically exact size, profile, orientation, or location of a
feature or datum target. It is the basis from which permissible variations are established by
tolerances on other dimensions, in notes, or in a Tolerance Indicator.
MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION (MMC)
The condition in which a feature of size contains the maximum amount of material within the
stated limits of size for example, minimum hole diameter, maximum shaft diameter.
LEAST MATERIAL CONDITION (LMC)
The condition in which a feature of size contains the least amount of material within the stated
limits of size.-for example, maximum hole diameter, minimum shaft diameter.
REGARDLESS OF FEATURE SIZE (RFS)
The term used to indicate that a geometric tolerance or datum reference applies at any increment
of size of the feature within its size tolerance.
(No additional positional or form tolerance is available; no matter what the size).
FULL INDICATOR MOVEMENT (FIM)
The total movement of an indicator when appropriately applied to a surface to measure its
variations. (Formerly called total indicator reading-TIR).
VIRTUAL CONDITION
A constant boundary generated by the collective effects of a size feature’s specified MMC or LMC
material condition and the geometric tolerance for that material condition.
EXTERNAL FEATURE
MMR CONCEPT — a constant value equal to its maximum material condition size PLUS
its applicable geometric tolerances.
LMR CONCEPT — a constant value equal to its least material condition MINUS its
applicable geometric tolerances.
INTERNAL FEATURE
MMR CONCEPT — a constant value equal to its maximum material condition size MINUS
its applicable geometric tolerances.
LMR CONCEPT — a constant value equal to its least material condition PLUS its
applicable geometric tolerances.
IDENTIFICATION OF TOLERANCE ZONE
Where the specified tolerance value represents the diameter of a cylindrical or spherical zone, the
diameter or spherical diameter symbol shall precede the tolerance value. Where the tolerance
zone is other than a diameter, identification is unnecessary, and the specified tolerance value
represents the distance between two parallel straight lines or parallel planes, or the distance
between two uniform boundaries, as the specific case may be.

5
 TOLERANCE INDICATOR
The Tolerance Indicator consists of:
1. Type of control (geometric characteristic)
2. Tolerance zone
3. Tolerance zone modifiers (i.e.  or )
4. Datum references if applicable and any datum feature modifiers.

6
TOLERANCE INDICATOR (Cont.)

7
 GENERAL RULES

ENVELOPE REQUIREMENT 
For an individual feature of size:
No element of the actual feature shall extend beyond the specified high or low limits of size or the
envelope of perfect form at MMC. Where the actual size of a feature has departed from MMC to
LMC a variation in form is allowed equal to such departure. This control does not apply to stock
such as bars, sheets, tubing or other items produced to established industry standards.

LIMITS OF SIZE & FEATURE RELATIONSHIP

The limit of size of an individual feature prescribes the extent to which variations in its geometric
form, as well as size, are allowed (Fig. 1).

Therefore relationship between individual features must be controlled to avoid incomplete drawing
requirements; geometric tolerancing is used to control the location or orientation (Fig. 2).

8
 ALL GEOMETRICAL TOLERANCES
RFS applies, with respect to the individual tolerance, datum reference, or both, where no modifying
symbol is specified. MMR or LMR must be specified on the drawing where it is required.

SCREW THREADS
Each tolerance of orientation or position and datum reference specified for a screw thread applies
to the axis of the thread derived from the pitch cylinder (diameter).
Where an exception to this practice is necessary, the specific feature of the screw thread (such as
MINOR DIA (LD) or MAJOR DIA (MD)) shall be stated above the Tolerance Indicator or beneath
the datum feature symbol, as applicable.

GEARS AND SPLINES

A qualifying notation must be added to the symbol or note (E.G., MD)

9
 GENERAL RULES (Cont.)

DATUM FEATURES SPECIFIED AT MMR

Where the MMR Modifier is applied to a datum feature referenced in a Tolerance Indicator (Fig. 1,
B and C) it establishes the datum feature simulator of the appropriate boundary. The appropriate
boundary is determined by its collective effects of size, and any applicable geometric tolerances
relative to any higher precedence Datums (Fig. 2).

10
 THE DATUM SYSTEM
DATUM
A theoretically exact point, axis, or plane derived from the true geometric counterpart of a specified
datum feature. A datum is the origin from which the location or geometric characteristics of features
of a part are established.
DATUM FEATURE SIMULATOR
A surface of adequately precise form (such as surface plate, a gauge surface, or a mandrel)
contacting the datum feature(s) and used to establish the simulated datum(s).
SIMULATED DATUM
A point, axis, or plane established by processing or inspection equipment (datum feature simulator).
DATUM FEATURE
An actual feature of a part that is used to stage the part in the equipment (datum feature simulator),
for purposes of relating its geometry (relationships) to the datum reference frame.
DATUM REFERENCE FRAME
Sufficient datum features, those most important to the design of a part, or designated portions of
these features are chosen to position the part in relation to a set of three mutually perpendicular
planes, jointly called a datum reference frame (see figure below). This reference frame exists in
theory only and not on the part. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a method of simulating the
theoretical reference frame from the actual features of the part (see figure 2). This simulation is
accomplished by positioning specifically identified features in contact with appropriate datum
simulators, in a stated order of precedence, to restrict motion of the part and to relate the part
adequately to the datum reference frame.

11
 THE DATUM SYSTEM (Cont.)
CONSTRAINED DEGREES OF FREEDOM-PRIMARY DATUM FEATURE

12
THE DATUM SYSTEM (Cont.)

13
 THE DATUM SYSTEM (Cont.)

DATUM FEATURE SYMBOL PLACEMENT

(SOME TYPICAL EXAMPLES)

14
 PART POSITIONING IN THE DATUM
REFERENCE FRAME (DRF)
NON-CYLINDRICAL DATUM FEATURES

The primary datum feature relates the part to the datum reference frame by bringing
a minimum of three points on the surface into contact with the first datum plane. The
part is further related to the frame by bringing at least two points of the secondary
datum feature into contact with the second datum plane. The relationship is
completed by bringing at least one point of the tertiary datum feature into contact
with the third datum plane.

15
 DATUM REFERENCE FRAME (Cont.)
CYLINDRICAL DATUM FEATURES

COMPONENT AS DRAWN
The datum established by a cylindrical surface is the axis of a true cylinder simulated
by the processing equipment. A cylindrical datum feature is always associated with
two theoretical planes intersecting at right angles on the datum axis.

These two theoretical planes are represented on a drawing by centre lines crossing
at right angles. The intersection of these planes coincides with the datum axis. Once
established, the datum axis becomes the origin for related dimensions while the two
planes (X and Y) indicate the direction of measurements.

NOTE:
The processing equipment controls movement in three mutually perpendicular directions. These
three directions establish the three perpendicular planes of the datum reference frame which can
be used as origins of measurements. Machine tables and movements, surface plates, etc., are not
true planes, but are of such quality they simulate datum planes adequately. Measurements
therefore are made from planes, axes, and points in the processing equipment.

16
 DATUM TARGETS
DEFINITION
A specified point, line, or area on a part used to establish a datum.

DATUM TARGET POINT

A datum target point is indicated by the symbol X (cross) which is dimensionally located on a direct
view of the surface.

DATUM TARGET LINE

Indication by the X symbol on the edge view of the surface, a long-dashed double-dotted narrow
line with X on the ends on the direct view or both.

17
DATUM TARGET AREA
A Datum Target Area is indicated by a hatched area surrounded by a long-dashed double-dotted
narrow line of the desired shape. The leader line must terminate with a dot.

DATUM TARGET AREA

When the considered surface is hidden, the leader line shall be dashed and terminated by
an open circle.

18
Movable Datum Target Symbol
The movable datum target symbol may be used to indicate movement of the datum target datum
feature simulator. Where datum targets establish a centre point, axis, or centre plane on an RFS
basis, the datum feature simulator moves normal to the true profile, and the movable datum target
symbol

The motion of the moveable datum target, which is given by the direction of the moveable
modifier, is perpendicular to a line going through the datum targets A1 and A2.

The motion of moveable datum target which is given by the direction of the modifier
moveable is parallel to a line going through the datum targets A1 and A2..

19
 STRAIGHTNESS
DEFINITION
A condition where an element of a surface or an axis is a straight line.

STRAIGHTNESS TOLERANCE ZONE:

A tolerance zone within which the considered element or derived median line, must lie.

CASE 1
Straightness tolerance of element lines on a surface
DRAWING CALLOUT INTERPRETATION

CASE 2
Straightness tolerance of an axis RFS
DRAWING CALLOUT INTERPRETATION

20
 STRAIGHTNESS (Cont.)
CASE 3
Straightness tolerance of an axis MMC

DRAWING CALLOUT

INTERPRETATION

21
 FLATNESS
DEFINITION
A condition of a surface or centre plane of a feature of size having all elements in one plane.
FLATNESS TOLERANCE ZONE:
A tolerance zone is defined by two parallel planes within which the entire surface or centre plane
of a feature of size must lie.

Flatness tolerance of a planar surface

DRAWING CALLOUT INTERPRETATION

Combined Zone

DRAWING CALLOUT

Where a Combined Zone is applied to several separate features, this Combined

requirement shall be indicated by the symbol “CZ” for a Combined Zone following the
tolerance in the Tolerance Indicator. All the indicated surfaces must be within the one
common zone spread about the indicated features

22
 ROUNDNESS
DEFINITION
A condition on a surface of revolution (cylinder, cone, sphere) where all points of the surface
intersected by any plane perpendicular to a common axis (cylinder, cone) or passing through a
common centre (sphere) are equidistant from that axis or centre.
ROUNDNESS TOLERANCE ZONE:
A tolerance zone bounded by two concentric circles within which each circular element of the
surface must lie.

DRAWING CALLOUT

INTERPRETATION

23
 CYLINDRICITY
DEFINITION
A condition of a surface of revolution in which all points of the surface are equidistant from a
common axis.
CYLINDRICITY TOLERANCE ZONE
A tolerance zone bounded by two concentric cylinders within which the surface must lie.

DRAWING CALLOUT

INTERPRETATION

24
25
 PROFILE
DEFINITION
Line Profile and Surface Profile tolerancing is a method used to specify a uniform amount of
variation of a surface or line elements of a surface.

LINE PROFILE TOLERANCE ZONE:

The tolerance zone is defined with respect to the “true” profile which is itself defined by theoretically
exact dimensions.
The tolerance zone shall be equally disposed by default on either side of the true profile.
The width of the tolerance zone is uniform when measured normal to the true profile at any point.

SURFACE PROFILE TOLERANCE ZONE:

The tolerance zone of a surface to be given a profile tolerance is defined with respect to the true profile
which is itself defined by theoretically exact dimensions.
This zone shall be equally disposed by default on either side of the true profile of the surface.
The width of the tolerance zone is uniform when measured normal to the true profile of the surface at
any point.

The tolerance zones for line or surface profile may be divided bilaterally or unequally to both sides
of the true profile or applied unilaterally to either side of the true profile.

BILATERAL TOLERANCE:
Where a bilateral tolerance is intended, it is only necessary to show the Tolerance Indicator with a
leader directed to the surface.

DRAWING CALLOUT

INTERPRETATION

26
 PROFILE (Cont.)

UNEQUALLY DISPOSED TOLERANCE:

The UZ Modifier indicates that the centre of the tolerance zone is no longer bilateral on the
Theoretically Exact Dimension. The number after the modifier indicates the amount the centre of
the tolerance zone has been offset. PLUS (+) for outside of material, MINUS (-) for into material

UNILATERAL INTO MATERIAL

UNILATERAL OUTSIDE MATERIAL

UNEQUALLY DISTRIBUTED

27
PROFILE FOR SPECIFIC LENGTH:

DRAWING CALLOUT

PROFILE ALL AROUND:

DRAWING CALLOUT/INTERPRETATION

28
PROFILE — COMBINATION PROFILE TOLERANCING:

DRAWING CALLOUT

INTERPRETATION

THE FEATURE SHALL BE LOCATED WITHIN A LARGER BOUNDARY (0,9) RELATIVE TO

THE PRIMARY DATUM A, SECONDARY DATUM B, AND TERTIARY DATUM C.
ONCE THE FEATURE IS LOCATED WITHIN THE LARGER BOUNDARY (0,9) ITS SIZE
SHALL BE CONTROLLED RELATIVE TO THE TED DEFINING DIMENSIONS AND TO THE
PRIMARY DATUM A WITHIN THE SMALLER BOUNDARY (0,1).

29
30
 PARALLELISM
DEFINITION
The condition of a surface, centre plane, or axis which is equidistant 0o at all points from a datum
of reference.

PARALLELISM TOLERANCE ZONE:

Parallelism tolerance zones will be one of the following types:
Case 1 — Tolerance zone between 2 parallel planes.
Case 2 — Tolerance zone between 2 parallel lines.
Case 3 — Tolerance zone with a cylindrical shape.

CASE 1
Two parallel planes; parallel to a datum plane within which the feature must lie

DRAWING CALLOUT

INTERPRETATION

31
 PARALLELISM (Cont.)
CASE 2
Two parallel lines; parallel to a datum plane or axis within which the element line must lie.

DRAWING CALLOUT

INTERPRETATION

32
 PARALLELISM (Cont.)
CASE 3
A cylindrical tolerance zone parallel to a datum axis within which the axis of the feature must lie.

DRAWING CALLOUT

INTERPRETATION

33
 PERPENDICULARITY
DEFINITION
The condition of a surface, centre plane, or axis which is exactly at 90° with respect to a datum
plane or axis

PERPENDICULARITY TOLERANCE ZONES:

Perpendicularity tolerance zones will be one of the following types:
Case 1 – 4 — Tolerance zone between 2 parallel planes.
Case 5 — A tolerance zone with a cylindrical shape.
Case 6 — Tolerance zone between 2 parallel lines.

CASE 1
Two parallel planes perpendicular to a datum plane within which the surface of a feature must lie.

DRAWING CALLOUT INTERPRETATION

CASE 2
Two parallel planes perpendicular to a datum axis within which the surface of a feature must lie.

DRAWING CALLOUT INTERPRETATION

34
 PERPENDICULARITY(Cont.)
CASE 3
Two parallel planes perpendicular to a datum axis within which the surface of a feature must lie.

DRAWING CALLOUT

INTERPRETATION

CASE 4
Two parallel planes perpendicular to a datum plane within which the centre plane of a feature must
lie.

DRAWING CALLOUT

INTERPRETATION

35
 PERPENDICULARITY(Cont.)
CASE 5
A cylindrical tolerance zone perpendicular to a datum plane within which the axis of a feature must
lie.

DRAWING CALLOUT INTERPRETATION

CASE 6
Two parallel lines perpendicular to a datum plane or axis within which an element line of the
surface must lie.

DRAWING CALLOUT

INTERPRETATION

36
 ANGULARITY
DEFINITION
The condition of a surface, centre plane, or axis, at all angles excluding 0o and 90o from a datum
plane or axis.

ANGULARITY TOLERANCE ZONE:

Angularity tolerance zones will be one of the following types:
• Tolerance zone between 2 parallel planes
• Tolerance zone between 2 parallel lines
• A cylindrical Tolerance zone

These tolerance zones must be at a specified TED angle

DRAWING CALLOUT

INTERPRETATION

37
38
 POSITION
DEFINITION
A term used to describe the perfect (theoretically exact) location of a FEATURE OF SIZE or a
SINGLE PLANAR SURFACE in relation to a datum of reference.

TRUE POSITION:
The theoretically exact location of a feature established by the TED.

POSITION TOLERANCE ZONE:

A zone within which the centre axis, centre plane, centre point of a feature of size or a single planar
surface, is permitted to vary from its true (theoretically exact) position.
OR
A boundary (where specified on an MMC or LMC basis) defined as the virtual condition, located at
the true (theoretically exact) position, which may not be violated by the surface (s) of the considered
feature.

POSITION — AS APPLIED TO HOLES

DRAWING CALLOUT

39
POSITION — AS APPLIED TO HOLES (Cont.)

INTERPRETATION

40
POSITION — AS APPLIED TO THREADED HOLES OR DOWEL HOLES

DRAWING CALLOUT

INTERPRETATION

41
POSITION — AS APPLIED TO ELONGATED HOLES

DRAWING CALLOUT

A SLOT IS TWO SEPARATE FEATURES, A WIDTH AND A LENGTH. THEY MUST BE

CONTROLLED SEPARATELY

INTERPRETATION

42
POSITION — AS APPLIED TO NON-CYLINDRICAL FEATURES

DRAWING CALLOUT

INTERPRETATION

CASE 1
0.5 TOL ZONE AT 8 (MMC OF SLOT)
2.5 TOL ZONE AT 10 (LMC OF SLOT)
CASE 2
0.5 TOL ZONE AT 10 (LMC OF SLOT)
2.5 TOL ZONE AT 8 (MMC OF SLOT)
CASE 3
0.5 TOL ZONE REGARDLESS OF THE SLOT SIZE

43
POSITION — AS APPLIED TO COAXIAL FEATURES

DRAWING CALLOUT

44
POSITION — AS APPLIED TO COAXIAL FEATURES (Cont.)

INTERPRETATION

CASE 1
n 0.2 TOL. ZONE AT n 20 (MMC OF FEATURE) AND n 10 (MMC OF DATUM FEATURE)
n 1.7 TOL. ZONE AT n 19 (LMC OF FEATURE) AND n 9.5 (LMC OF DATUM FEATURE)

CASE 2
n 0.2 TOL. ZONE AT n 20 (MMC OF FEATURE) RFS OF THE DATUM FEATURE
n 1.2 TOL. ZONE AT n 19 (LMC OF FEATURE) RFS OF THE DATUM FEATURE

CASE 3
n 0.2 TOL. ZONE RFS OF THE FEATURE AND n 10 (MMC OF DATUM FEATURE)
n 0.7 TOL. ZONE RFS OF THE FEATURE AND n 9.5 (LMC OF DATUM FEATURE)

CASE 4
n 0.2 TOL. ZONE RFS OF THE FEATURE AND RFS OF THE DATUM FEATURE

45
POSITION — AS APPLIED TO SYMMETRICAL FEATURES

DEFINITION:
A CONDITION IN WHICH A FEATURE IS SYMMETRICALLY DISPOSED ABOUT THE
CENTREPLANE OF A DATUM FEATURE

DRAWING CALLOUT

46
POSITION — AS APPLIED TO SYMMETRICAL FEATURES (Cont.)

INTERPRETATION

CASE 1
WITH DATUM FEATURE B AT 40 (MMC)
0.5 TOL. ZONE AT 11 (MMC OF FEATURE)
1.5 TOL. ZONE AT 12 (LMC OF FEATURE)

CASE 2
WITH DATUM FEATURE B AT 39 (LMC)
0.5 TOL. ZONE AT 12 (LMC OF FEATURE)
1.5 TOL. ZONE AT 11 (MMC OF FEATURE)

CASE 3
THE LOCATIONAL TOLERANCE OF 0.5 MUST BE HELD REGARDLESS OF THE SIZE OF
THE FEATURE AND REGARDLESS OF FEATURE SIZE OF DATUM FEATURE B

47
POSITION — AS APPLIED TO MATING PARTS WITH FLOATING FASTENER

DRAWING CALLOUT

48
POSITION — AS APPLIED TO MATING PARTS WITH FLOATING FASTENER (Cont.)

CALCULATIONS:
USING THE FORMULA Hmmc – Fmmc =nT
WHERE:
Hmmc = MIN. CLEARANCE HOLE
Fmmc = MAX. DIA. OF FASTENER
nT =POSITIONAL TOLERANCE

SUBSTITUTING:
nT = 10,5 - 10
nT = 0,5 POSITIONAL TOLERANCE

CALCULATION FOR GAUGE PIN SIZE

nPIN = Hmmc - nT
10 = 10,5 – 0,5

GAUGE FOR COMPONENT CHECKING

GAUGE MAKERS TOLERANCE APPLIES

49
POSITION — FIXED FASTENER SYSTEM

COMPONENT 1

COMPONENT 2

50
POSITION — FIXED FASTENER SYSTEM (Cont.)

CALCULATIONS:
USING THE FORMULA Hmmc – Fmmc =nT1+nT2
WHERE:
Hmmc = MIN. CLEARANCE HOLE
Fmmc = MAX. DIA. OF FASTENER
nT1 =POSITIONAL TOLERANCE (COMPONENT 1)
nT2 =POSITIONAL TOLERANCE (COMPONENT 2)

SUBSTITUTING:
10.5-10 = 0.25 + 0.25

CALCULATION FOR GAUGE SIZE COMPONENT 1:

n PIN = Hmmc –nT1
10.25 = 10.5 – 0.25

CALCULATION FOR GAUGE SIZE COMPONENT 2:

n HOLE = Fmmc +nT2
10.25 = 10 + 0.25

51
POSITION — AS APPLIED TO HOLES AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL REQUIREMENT m
(NOT RECOMMENDED FOR THREADED FEATURES)
BOTH SPECIFICATIONS WILL NOT APPEAR ON THE SAME DRAWING

WITH ZERO j TOL

AT MMC CALLOUT
FEATURE SIZE
RANGE IS
INCREASED WITH THIS
PROVIDING SPECIFICATION
MAXIMUM THE FEATURE
MANUFACTURING SIZE MUST BE
TOL. CONTAINED
WITHIN THIS
RANGE.

52
POSITION — FEATURE RELATIONSHIPS CONTROLLED BY A COMBINATION POSITIONAL
TOLERANCE

DRAWING CALLOUT

INTERPRETATION

53
POSITION — TWO SINGLE-SEGMENT TOLERANCE INDICATORS WITH SECONDARY
DATUM IN LOWER TOLERANCE INDICATOR CONTROLLING ORIENTATION ONLY

DRAWING CALLOUT

THE MODIFIER >< (ORIENTATION ONLY) ALLOWS ONLY THE ORIENTATION DEGREES OF
FREEDOM OF THE TOLERANCE ZONE AND NOT IT’S TRANSLATION DEGREE OF TO BE
CONSTRAINED FROM DATUM FEATURE B.

INTERPRETATION

54
ONE POSITION SYMBOL WITH TWO SEGMENT TOLERANCE INDICATORS WITH
SECONDARY DATUM IN LOWER TOLERANCE INDICATOR CONTROLLING ORIENTATION
ONLY

THE MODIFIER >< (ORIENTATION ONLY) ALLOWS ONLY THE ORIENTATION DEGREES OF
FREEDOM OF THE TOLERANCE ZONE AND NOT IT’S TRANSLATION DEGREE OF TO BE
CONSTRAINED FROM DATUM FEATURE B.

THIS GIVES THE SAME RESULTS AS PAGE 54

55
RELATION OF MMC HOLES TO ANOTHER MMC HOLE
DRAWING CALLOUT

INTERPRETATION

n 7MMC HOLE
n-TOL ZONE
n6 GAUGE PINn

AS THE 4 HOLES INCREASE IN SIZE FROM 7 TO 8 (A BONUS AMOUNT) + 1 IS

ADDED TO THE POSITIONAL TOLERANCE.
NOTE:
A SIZE INCREASE FROM 19.0 TO 19.1 (0.1) IS ADDED TO THE HOLE
PATTERN POSITIONAL TOLERANCE AS A GROUP.

56
RELATION OF MMC HOLES TO RFS HOLE
DRAWING CALLOUT

INTERPRETATION

AS THE 4 HOLES INCREASE IN SIZE FROM 7 TO 8 (A BONUS AMOUNT)+ 1 IS ADDED TO

THE POSITIONAL TOLERANCE.
NOTE:
A SIZE INCREASE FROM 19.0 TO 19.1 (0.1) IS NOT ADDED TO THE HOLE PATTERN
POSITIONAL TOLERANCE UTILIZING RFS ON DATUM FEATURE.

57
 SYMMETRY
DEFINITION:
The condition where the median plane of a planar feature of size is congruent with the axis or
centre plane of a datum feature.

SYMMETRY TOLERANCE ZONE:

A tolerance zone defined by two parallel planes being equally disposed about the datum axis or
datum plane within which the median plane of the feature of size must lie.

DRAWING CALLOUT

INTERPRETATION

58
 CONCENTRICITY/COAXIALITY
DEFINITION:
The control of the axis or centre point of one feature to the axis or centre point of another

CONCENTRICITY/ COAXIALITY TOLERANCE ZONE:

The tolerance zone consists of a cylinder or sphere (depending on the shape of the features
concerned) which coincides with the axis or centre point of the datum features.

DRAWING CALLOUT

INTERPRETATION

59
60
 RUNOUT
DEFINITION:
A composite tolerance used to control the relationship of one or more features of a part to a datum
axis during a full 360° rotation about the datum axis.

RUNOUT TOLERANCE:
The tolerance zone is the total amount of tolerance specified by a full indicator movement (FIM)
when rotated 360°.

CIRCULAR RUNOUT:
Each circular element of the feature must be within the runout tolerance.

DRAWING CALLOUT

INTERPRETATION

NOTE:
INDICATOR REMAINS IN FIXED POSITION NORMAL TO THE TRUE GEOMETRIC SHAPE

61
 RUNOUT (Cont.)

TOTAL RUNOUT:
All surface elements across the entire surface must be within the runout tolerance.

DRAWING CALLOUT

INTERPRETATION

NOTE:
INDICATOR MOVED AT EVERY LOCATION ON THE SURFACE NORMAL TO THE TRUE
GEOMETRIC SHAPE WITHOUT RESET OF INDICATOR

62
63
NOTES

64
NOTES

65
NOTES

66
67