SET-1

NEET/JEE
HINTS, SOLUTIONS, EXPLANATIONS
Given ℎ 𝑡ℎ = 2×ℎ 𝑡ℎ. By solving we get 𝑢 = 65 𝑚/𝑠
5 6
1 (3) 7 (2)
If acceleration is variable (depends on time) then
2
𝑎𝑡
𝑣 = 𝑢 + ∫(𝑓)𝑑𝑡 = 𝑢 + ∫(𝑎 𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = 𝑢 + 2

8 (3)
𝑅𝑒𝑞 Between any two vertex will be 𝑚𝑣
2
Tension, 𝑇 = 𝑟
+ 𝑚𝑔 cos 𝑐𝑜𝑠 θ
1 1 1
𝑅𝑒𝑞
= 12 + 6 ⇒ 𝑅𝑒𝑞 =4Ω 𝑚𝑣
2
𝐹𝑜𝑟, θ = 30°, 𝑇1 = + 𝑚𝑔 cos 𝑐𝑜𝑠 30°
2 (2) 𝑟

From the principle of dimensional homogeneity 𝑜 𝑚𝑣

2
𝑜
−3 −4 θ = 60 , 𝑇2 = + 𝑚𝑔 cos 𝑐𝑜𝑠 60 ∴𝑇1 > 𝑇2
[𝑎] = ⎡ ⎤ = 𝑀𝐿𝑇
⎣ ⎦
𝐹
𝑡 [ ] and [𝑏] = ⎢⎣⎡ 𝑡 𝐹
2
⎤ = [𝑀𝐿𝑇 ]
⎥
⎦
𝑟

3 (4) 9 (1)
1 2 2𝑢sin𝑠𝑖𝑛 θ
Kinetic energy, 𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣 Time of flight, 𝑇 = 𝑔
2
'2 2 2𝑑𝑢sin𝑠𝑖𝑛 θ
∆𝐸 𝑣 −𝑣 ∴ 𝑑𝑇 =
∴ 𝐸
×100 = 2 ×100 𝑔
𝑣

2
​
= [(1. 5) − 1]×100 Now, ∴
𝑑𝑇
=
𝑑𝑢
=
1
𝑇 𝑢 20
𝑑𝑇
= 125% ∴% increase in 𝑇 = ×100
𝑇

(1)
1
4 = 20
×100 = 5%
2 −2
2 −2
= ⎡⎢ 2 ⎤⎥ = [𝑀𝑇 ]
1 [𝑊] 𝑀𝐿 𝑇
𝑊= 𝑘𝑥 ⇒ [𝑘] =
2 2
[𝑥 ] ⎣ 𝐿 ⎦ 10 (4)
2
𝑢 𝑜
5 (2) ℎ𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2𝑔
= 10 [∵θ = 90 ]
Time taken by first drop to reach the ground
2
2ℎ 2×5 𝑢 = 200
𝑡= 𝑔
⇒𝑡 = 10
= 1 𝑠𝑒𝑐
2
As the water drops fall at regular intervals from a 𝑢
𝑅𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑔
= 20𝑚
tap therefore time difference between any two
drops =
1
2
𝑠𝑒𝑐 11 (2)
In this given time, distance of second drop from At height r from center of earth. Orbital velocity
2 𝐺𝑀
the tap =
1
2
𝑔 ( )
1
2
=
10
8
= 1. 25 𝑚 = 𝑟
∴ By energy conservation
Its distance from the ground
= 5 − 1. 25 = 3. 75𝑚
𝐺𝑀𝑚
KE of ‘m’ + − 𝑟 =0+0 ( )
6 (3) (At infinity, PE=KE=0)
2
ℎ
𝑛
𝑡ℎ = 𝑢 −
𝑔
2
(2𝑛 − 1) ⇒KE of ‘m’=
𝐺𝑀𝑚
𝑟
= ( ) 𝐺𝑀
𝑟
m=𝑚𝑣
2

10
12 (3)
ℎ 𝑡ℎ =𝑢− 2
(2×5 − 1) = 𝑢 − 45 Potential difference between two faces
5
perpendicular to x-axis will be
10 → →
ℎ 𝑡ℎ =𝑢− 2
(2×6 − 1) = 𝑢 − 55 𝑙.(𝑉×𝐵)=12mV
6
13 (1)
 The coin falls behind him it means the velocity of According to the principle of conservation of
train was increasing otherwise the coin fall angular momentum, in the absence of external
directly into the hands of thrower torque, the total angular momentum of the system
14 (3) is constant.
2
From geometry 𝑙 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 but 𝑦 is constant,
2 2 23 (4)
2
𝑑𝑙 𝑑𝑥 P=𝑖 R.
hence differentiating, we have, 2𝑙 𝑑𝑡
= 2𝑥 𝑑𝑡
∴ for 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑥, R must be minimum
𝑑𝑙
But 𝑑𝑡
= 𝑣. Hence horizontal velocity of block, 2
From color coding R=50× 10 Ω
𝑑𝑥
𝑣𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡 ∴ 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑥=20 mA

24 (3)
If the body is projected with velocity 𝑣(𝑣 < 𝑣𝑒)
then height up to where it rises,
𝑅
ℎ= 2
𝑣𝑒
2 −1
𝑣

𝑙.𝑣 𝑣
⇒ 𝑙𝑣 = 𝑥. 𝑣𝑥 or 𝑣𝑥 = = 𝑅
𝑥 sin𝑠𝑖𝑛 θ ⇒ℎ = 11.2 2
= 4𝑅 (𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥.)
15 (3) ( ) 10
−1

Initially particle was at rest. By the application of

force its momentum increases
25 (4)
𝐹𝑙
Final momentum of the particle = Area of 𝐹-𝑡 𝑌= 𝐴∆𝑙
graph
⇒𝑚𝑢 = Area of semi circle 𝑌, 𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹 are constants.
1
π𝑟
2 π𝑟1𝑟2 π(𝐹0)(𝑇/2) π𝐹0𝑇 ∴ ∆𝑙 ∝ 2
𝑚𝑢 = 2
= 2
= 2
⇒𝑢 = 4𝑚
𝐷

2
∆𝑙2 𝐷1 1
= =
(1)
∆𝑙1 2 16
𝐷2
16
Let dielectric constant of material used be K. 1
10ϵ0 3
𝐴
12∈0 3
𝐴
14∈0 3
𝐴
𝐾∈0𝐴 ∴ ∆𝑙2 = 16
𝑚𝑚
∴ 𝑑
+ 𝑑
+ 𝑑
= 𝑑
⇒K=12 26 (1)
17 (2) Steel has the highest elasticity.
Work = Force × Displacement 27 (1)
If force and displacement both are doubled then According to principle of continuity,
work would be four times 𝐴𝑣 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
18 (1)
→ ∂𝑈 ^ ∂𝑈 ^ ^ ^
𝐹= 𝑖 − ∂𝑦 𝑗 = 7𝑖 − 24𝑗 𝑜𝑟 𝐴1𝑣1 = 𝐴2𝑣2
∂𝑥

2 2
→ 2 2 𝑜𝑟 π𝑟1𝑣1 = π𝑟2𝑣2
|𝐹| = (7) + (− 24) = 25 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡

19 (2) 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 𝑟1 =
4
2
𝑐𝑚 = 0. 02 𝑚,
𝑑𝐿 2 2
τ= 𝑑𝑡
= 𝑚(𝑢 θ) = (1)(10) 45° = 50 Nm
2
𝑟2 = 𝑐𝑚 = 0. 01𝑚,
20 (4) 2
2 2 160 160
𝐼 = 𝑀𝐾 = 160⇒𝐾 = 𝑀
= 10
= 16⇒𝐾 = 4𝑚 −1
𝑣1 = 3𝑚𝑠
21 (4) 2 2
Torque acting on a body in circular motion is zero. ∴ π(0. 02) ×3 = π(0. 01) 𝑣2
22 (3)
 0.02 2
𝑜𝑟 𝑣2 = ( ) ×3 = 12 𝑚𝑠
0.01
−1

28 (3)
Velocity of ball when it strikes the water surface
𝑣 = 2𝑔ℎ …(i)
Terminal velocity of ball inside the water 33 (2)
→ →
𝑣=
2
9
𝑟𝑔
2
( ) ρ−1
η
…(ii) Work done, W= (∆µ).𝐵
−2
Equating (i) and (ii) we get =2×10 × 1 cos(0.125)
2 𝑟𝑔
2
=0.02 J
2𝑔ℎ = 9 η
(ρ − 1) ∴ correct answer is (2)
4 ρ−1 2 34 (3)
⇒ℎ =
2
81
𝑟 ( )
η
𝑔
Here 𝑑𝑄 = 50 𝐽, 𝑑𝑊 =− 15 𝐽
𝑑𝑈 = 𝑑𝑄 − 𝑑𝑊 = 50 − (− 15) = 65 𝐽
29 (2)
Path difference=dsin 𝑠𝑖𝑛 θ ≈𝑑θ
1 35 (3)
=0.1× 40 mm=2500nm This is the case of free expansion of gas. In free
Or bright fringe, path difference must be integral expansion ∆𝑈 = 0⇒ Temp. remains same
multiple of λ.
∴ 2500=nλ1=𝑚λ2
36 (3)
γ γ−1 γ
𝑃𝑉 = 𝐾 or 𝑃γ𝑉 𝑑𝑉 + 𝑑𝑃. 𝑉 = 0
∴ λ1=625, λ2=500 (from m=5)
(for n=4)
⇒
𝑑𝑃
𝑃
=− γ
𝑑𝑉
𝑉
or
𝑑𝑃
𝑃
×100 =− γ ( 𝑑𝑉
𝑉
×100)
=− 1. 4×5 = 7%
30 (3)
' 37 (4)
𝐴 𝑣 = 2 𝐴 𝑣' or 𝑣 = 𝑣/2 𝑝𝑉
The value of for one mole of an ideal gas
For a horizontal pipe, according to Bernoull’s 𝑇

theorem = gas constant

−1 −1
𝑣 2
𝑝+
1
2
ρ𝑣 = 𝑃 +
2 ' 1
2 ( )
ρ 2
38 (1)
= 2 cal 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾

'
Or 𝑝 = 𝑝 +
1
2
ρ𝑣 1 − (
2 1
4 ) 𝑣2
𝑣1
=
𝑇2
𝑇1
⇒
𝑣𝑆
400
=
(273+227)
(273+27)
=
5
3
3 2
=𝑝+ 8
ρ𝑣
⇒ 𝑣𝑠 = 400 5/3 = 516𝑚/𝑠
31 (3)
As is clear from figure. 39 (4)
𝑑𝑄 𝑑𝑄1 𝑑𝑄2
= + The difference of 𝐶𝑃 and 𝐶𝑉 is equal to 𝑅, not 2𝑅
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
40 (2)
(
𝐾 𝐴1+𝐴2 𝑑𝑇 ) 𝑑𝑇 𝑑𝑇 Time period of simple pendulum
𝑑𝑥
= 𝐾1𝐴1 𝑑𝑥
+ 𝐾2𝐴2 𝑑𝑥
𝑙
𝑇 = 2π 𝑔
𝐾1𝐴1+𝐾2𝐴2
𝐾= 𝐴1+𝐴2 From this formula it can be predicted that time
period does not depend on the mass of bob.
32 (3)
In convection hot particles move upward (due to
41 (2)
Acceleration in SHM is directly proportional to
low density) and light particle move downward
displacement and is always directed to its mean
(due to high density)
position
42 (1)
The given equation is
π
𝑦 = 5 sin 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2
(100𝑡 − 𝑥)
…(i)
 Comparing Eq. (i) with standard wave equation, 49 (2)
given by +
Charge on electron and 𝐻 is same; the ratio 𝑒/𝑚
𝑦 = 𝐴 sin 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (ω𝑡 − 𝑘𝑥) is ratio of mass of proton to electron.
…(ii) 50 (3)
we have 𝑋-rays are light waves or a form of light energy.
100π
ω= 2
= 50π 51 (1)
2π 16 18
⇒ 𝑇
= 50 π The no. of nucleons in 𝑂 and 𝑂 are 16 and 18
2π respectively.
⇒ 𝑇= =0.04 s
50π 52 (3)
43 (1) Higher photo-current implies , higher no. of
It is required to calculate the time from extreme electrons emitted/sec.
position 53 (1)
Hence, in this case equation for displacement of 1
H atom has 1𝑠 configuration. Shielding effect is
particle can be written as
property of penultimate shell electrons.
𝑥 = 𝑎 sin 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ω𝑡 + ( π
2 ) = 𝑎 cos 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ω𝑡 54 (4)
𝑎 π 2π π
⇒ = 𝑎 cos 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ω𝑡⇒ω𝑡 = ⇒ .𝑡 = ⇒𝑡 = Electron affinity is defined as “the energy released
2 3 𝑇 3
when an extra electron is added to neutral
44 (1) gaseous atom. The increasing order of electron
Since, affinity is
720 6 3 2 4 2 4 2 5 2 5
1200
= 10
= 5
, 𝑖. 𝑒., 3: 5 2𝑠 2𝑝 < 3𝑠 3𝑝 < 2𝑠 2𝑝 < 3𝑠 3𝑝
𝑂 < 𝑆 < 𝐹 < 𝐶𝑙
Odd harmonics are produced only if the pipe is General electron affinity decreases with the
closed at one end. increase in the size of atom, since nuclear
45 (3) attraction decrease down a group. The value of
Frequency of 𝑝 𝑡ℎ harmonic electron affinity increase as we move along a
𝑝𝑣 2𝑙𝑛 2×0.33×1000 period since the size of atoms decrease in a
𝑛= 2𝑙
⇒𝑝 = 𝑣
= 330
=2
period. Electron affinity of O and F are less than S
46 (1) and Cl respectively due to very small size.
In the given metal nitride, nitrogen present is 28% 55 (1)
that means, the nitride contains 28 g nitrogen and Given electronic configuration of anion X is
72 g metal. 2 * 2 2 * 2 2 2 2 * 1
σ1𝑠 , σ1𝑠 , σ2𝑠 , σ2𝑠 , π2𝑝𝑥 = π2𝑝𝑦 , σ2𝑝𝑧 , π2𝑝𝑥
72
Moles of metal = 𝑥
28 ∴ Total number of electrons of anion X = 15
Moles of nitrogen = 14 = 2 −
72 Hence, the anion X is 𝑁2 .
⟹ Molar ratio, 𝑀: 𝑁 = 𝑥 : 2 = 3: 2
56 (4)
72
𝑥
= 3 𝐻𝐶≡𝐶 − 𝐻𝐶 = 𝐶𝐻 − 𝐶𝐻3 10σ, 3π

∴𝑥 = 24 57 (1)
⊕
(4)
1
47 𝑁2 ⇒BO=2.5⇒⎡π − 𝐵𝑜𝑛𝑑 = 2&σ − 𝐵𝑜𝑛𝑑 = 2 ⎤
⎣ ⎦
23
∵ 63.8 g of Cu has atoms = 6.023 × 10 𝑁2⇒B.O.=3.0⇒[π − 𝐵𝑜𝑛𝑑 = 2&σ − 𝐵𝑜𝑛𝑑 = 1]
23 ⊕
6.023×10
∴1𝑔 of Cu has = 𝑂2 =B.O.=2.5⇒
63.5𝑔
23
6.023×10 [π − 𝐵𝑜𝑛𝑑 = 1. 5& σ − 𝐵𝑜𝑛𝑑 = 1]
∴0. 635 𝑔 of Cu has = 63.5
×0. 635 𝑂2⇒B.O.=2⇒[π − 𝐵𝑜𝑛𝑑 = 1 & σ − 𝐵𝑜𝑛𝑑 = 1]
= 6. 023×10
21
atoms 58 (4)
48 (2) 𝑆 = 𝐶 = 𝑆.
𝑀=
5
34×100/1000
= 1. 47 59 (2)
 𝐻2𝑂2 act as oxidizing agent and reducing agent in ∴ The metal sulphide with lowest 𝐾𝑠𝑝(𝑃𝑏𝑆) will
acidic medium as well as basic medium. precipitate out first because its inonic product will
𝐻2𝑂2 Act as oxidant :- exceed its 𝐾𝑠𝑝first and the metal sulphide with
⊕ ⊝
𝐻2𝑂2+2𝐻 +2𝑒 → 2𝐻2O (In acidic medium) highest 𝐾𝑠𝑝(𝑁𝑖𝑆) will precipitate out at last.
𝐻2O+2𝑒
⊝ ⊝
→ 2𝑂𝐻 (In basic medium) 67 (2)
𝐻2𝑂2 Act as reductant :- Let the solubility of 𝐴𝑔𝐶𝑙 𝑖𝑠 𝑆
+ −
+ ⊝
𝐻2𝑂2 → 2𝐻 +𝑂2 + 2𝑒 (In basic medium) 𝐴𝑔𝐶𝑙 = 𝐴𝑔 + 𝐶𝑙
⊝ ⊝
𝑠 𝑠
𝐻2𝑂2+2𝑂𝐻 → 2𝐻2𝑂 + 𝑂2 + 2𝑒 (In basic −
[𝐶𝑙 ] from 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙=0.2
medium) −
60 (3) Concentration of 𝐶𝑙 = 𝑆 + 0. 2
𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 𝑆(𝑆 + 0. 2)
𝑉𝐴 𝑡𝐵 𝑀𝐵
𝑡𝐴
× 𝑉𝐵
= 𝑀𝐴
−10 2
1. 8×10 = 𝑆 + 0. 2𝑆
(𝑆 is very small as 𝐴𝑔𝐶𝑙 is sparingly soluble in
10 𝑀𝐵 2
= water, thus 𝑆 <<< 1)
20 49
−10
1. 8×10 = 0. 2𝑆
49 −10
𝑀𝐵 = = 12. 254 1.8×10
4 𝑆= 0.2
−10
61 (3) = 9. 0×10 M
The volume of one mole of a gas is called molar 68 (4)
volume. It is 22.4 L at STP or NTP for 𝐶𝑂2 gas it is 3𝑂2(𝑔)⇌2𝑂3(𝑔)
maximum at 127℃ and 1 atm 𝑂2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑂3 are the allotropes of oxygen, i.e., have
62 (2) different composition, so the equilibrium exist
An experimental fact. between them is considered as chemical
63 (1) equilibrium.
The process involves conversion of 1 mole of 𝐻2𝑂 69 (2)
7+ 2+
from liquid to vapour state and thus, heat changes 𝑀𝑛 5𝑒 ⟶𝑀𝑛
are called heat of vaporisation.
64 (3) 70 (1)
It provides information about physical states of 𝑁𝑎3𝐴𝑠𝑂4 is sodium arsenate
reactants and products as well as about thermal −3
Or 𝐴𝑠𝑂4 is arsenate.
changes. (d) is wrong because combustion is
exothermic. Thus, 𝑎 + 4 × (− 2) = −3
65 (4) ∴𝑎 = + 5
𝐶 + 2𝐻2 → 𝐶𝐻4; ∆𝐻 = − 17. 9 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙…….. (𝑖)
71 (4)
Adipic acid
𝐶 + 𝑂2 → 𝐶𝑂2; ∆𝐻 =− 94. 1 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙…….. (𝑖𝑖) 𝐶𝑂2𝐻− (𝐶𝐻2) − 𝐶𝑂2𝐻𝑑𝑒ℎ𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔→𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡
4

𝐻2 +
1
𝑂2 → 𝐻2𝑂; ∆𝐻 =− 68. 3 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙……(𝑖𝑖𝑖) 7 membered cyclic anhydride (very unstable)
2 72 (2)
𝑀𝑒𝑞. 𝑜𝑓 𝐾2𝐶𝑟2𝑂7 = 𝑀𝑒𝑞. 𝑜𝑓 𝐻2𝑆
Eqs. [(ii) + 2 × (iii)] – (i),
𝐶𝐻4 + 2𝑂2 → 2𝐻2𝑂 0.81
2𝑥𝑉 = 34/2
𝑥 1000
66 (4)
For precipitation, ionic product > solubility ∴𝑉 = 23. 8 𝑚𝐿
product 73 (3)
It is a fact.
74 (3)
𝐻2 does not react with 𝐴𝑢, 𝐶𝑢 𝑜𝑟 𝑁𝑖. with Ca, it
gives 𝐶𝑎𝐻2
83 (3)
75 (3) Canonical structures proposed in resonance are
Calcium is obtained by electrolysis of a fused mass not the real structure of compound. The
of 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙2 and KCl at about 700℃ in an electrolytic compound showing resonance has a definite
cell made of graphite anode and iron cathode. structure which can however be not drawn on
2+ − paper.
𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙2 ⇌𝐶𝑎 + 2𝐶𝑙
84 (4)
All show geometrical isomerism :
At anode
− −
2𝐶𝑙 →𝐶𝑙2 + 2𝑒

At cathode
2+ −
𝐶𝑎 + 2𝑒 →𝐶𝑎

76 (3)
𝑀𝑔 is found in sea water.
77 (1)
𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 ∆ → 𝐶𝑎𝑂 + 𝐶𝑂2

(𝑋)

𝐶𝑎𝑂 + 𝐻2𝑂 ⟶𝐶𝑎(𝑂𝐻)2

85 (3)
(𝑌) Gasoline among all has lowest [Link].
86 (3)
𝐶𝑎(𝑂𝐻)2 + 2𝐶𝑂2⟶𝐶𝑎 𝐻𝐶𝑂3 ( )2 Hydrogenation of alkene or alkyne in presence of
Ni is called Sabatier and Senderen’s reaction.
(Z) 87 (2)
(
𝐶𝑎 𝐻𝐶𝑂3 )2 ∆ → 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 →𝐶𝑂2 + 𝐻2𝑂 H is replaced by Cl.
88 (4)
(X) In triclinic unit cell
°
78 (4) a ≠ b ≠ c & α ≠ β ≠ γ ≠ 90 .
𝑍𝑛 + 𝐵𝑎𝐶𝑂3 ∆→ 𝑍𝑛𝑂 + 𝐵𝑎𝑂 + 𝐶𝑂
89 (1)
79 (3) ⎡ ⎤
Wilkinson catalyst is ⎢𝑃ℎ3𝑃) 𝐼𝑟𝐶𝑙⎥
2nd-orbital has no 𝑑-subshell. ⎣ 3 ⎦
80 (3) 90 (2)
CO is neutral; 𝐶𝑂2 is acidic. Carbon monoxide is highly poisnous to living
being
81 (3)
Each has three electrons in its outer shell.
91 (3)
According to phylogenetic system of classification,
82 (1)
𝐶𝐻𝐶𝑙 = 𝐶𝐻𝐶𝐻2𝐶𝐻2𝐶𝐻 = 𝐶𝐻2;
primitive charecters are perenniall and shrubby
nature, solitary flower, numerous stamens
multiple or aggregate fruit, while advanced
𝐶𝐻2 = 𝐶𝐶𝑙𝐶𝐻2𝐶𝐻2𝐶𝐻 = 𝐶𝐻2;
characters are compound leaves, zygomorphic
flowers, epigynous flowers, fused stamens
(dichlamydeous condition) and albuminous seeds.
 Thus, the ratio of advanced and primitive 100 (2)
characters according to question is 1:1. A-Zygote; B-Syngamy
92 (2) In angiospermic sexual reproduction, syngamy is
Allotropic species are those group of individuals, the nuclear fusion of the one male gamete with
which occupy the same or overlapping area in the the egg producing diploid zygote or oospore
different habitat and involve geographical 101 (2)
isolation. While sympatric species occur without Haploid spore is the first cell of gametophytic
geographic isolation. Sibling have same ancestors generation. The spores of moss germinate to form
and when species have subgroup, it is called protonema. The cells of protonema contain
subspecies or variety chloroplasts.
93 (1) 102 (3)
RH Whittaker, an American taxonomist proposed Sexual reproduction involves the formation of
live kingdom classification. His five kingdom are gametes and their fusion during the process called
Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia fertilisation. Depending upon the structure and
94 (4) behavior of gametes, there are different types of
The term ‘Systematic Botany’ refers to the sexual reproduction. These are
methodical study of plants, dealing with (i) Isogamy Fusion of morphologically alike
identification, naming and classification. gametes which look and behave similarly is called
95 (2) isogamy
Organization or living being starts with atomic, (ii) Anisogamy Fusion of morphologically
i.e., sub-microscopic level and reaches to cells dissimilar gametes, which may be motile or
(microscopic level), then become visible or non-motile
microscopic with tissue and organs and then (iii) Oogamy Fusion of a large non-motile egg or
reaches to conceptual level ovum with a smaller motile sperm (except in
Rhodophyceae). The fusion of gametes is called
oogamy
103 (3)
96 (2) Salamander can regenerate its tail, limbs and
The main difference between Gram positive and external gills.
Gram negative bacteria is due to cell wall. The cell 104 (2)
wall of Gram negative bacteria contain Aschelminthes are bilateral symmetrical and
Peptidoglycan (10%), lipopolysaccharides triploblastic animals, e.g., Ascaris.
lipoprotein and phospholipid, while cell wall of Coelenterates are radially symmetrical and
Gram positive bacteria contain peptidoglycan diploblastic animals, e.g., Obelia.
(60-90%) , teichoic acid and lipids. Ctenophores are biradial symmetrical and
97 (3) diploblastic animals, e.g., Ctenoplana.
The plasma membrane of bacteria becomes Sponges are asymmetrical or radially symmetrical
infolded at some places, theseare known as and diploblastic animals, e.g., Sycon.
mesosomes and are considered the sites of 105 (1)
respiration. Biosystematics aims at morphological
98 (1) delimitation of taxa but incorporates evidences
The common example of class-Basidiomycetes are from Genetics, Cytology, Anatomy, Palynology,
smut, rusts, mushrooms, toad stools, puff balls Chemistry, Physiology, etc.
and pore fungi. 106 (1)
99 (2) Athick and strong chitinous cuticle covers the
In rhabdoviruses (rabies, virus, wheat mosaic whole body of cockroach (Periplaneta) as
virus), para myxoviruses (mumps virus, sendai exoskeleton.
virus), picornaviruses (polio virus), 107 (2)
orthomyxovirus (influenza virus), the genetic
material is single stranded RNA (ssRNA).
 Heterometrus is a terrestrial arthropod. Its Anterior end of earthworm’s body consists of
prosoma bears a pair of chelicerae, a pair of mouth and prostomium. The first body segment is
padipalps and four pairs of walking legs. called the peristomium (buccal segment) which
108 (4) contains the mouth
Monocarpic plants are those, which flower only 116 (4)
once during their life time, e.g., Bambusa. Juvenile hormones in insects refers to a group of
109 (1) hormones, which ensures the growth of larvae,
Aggregate fruit is formed from a single flower, in while preventing metamorphosis.
which gynoecium is apocarpous. Because of their rigid exoskeleton, insects grow in
110 (2) their development by successively sheding their
Aestivation exoskeleton.
A – Valvate, 𝑒. 𝑔., Calotropis procera These hormones are secreted by a pair of
B – Twisted, 𝑒. 𝑔., lady’s finger and cotton endocrine glands behind the brain, called corpora
C – Imbricate, 𝑒. 𝑔., Cassia and gulmohar allata
D – Vexillary, 𝑒. 𝑔., bean and pea 117 (1)
111 (1) Nervous system of the earthworms comprises a
In the flower of Dianthus, the ovarian part is fused pair of cerebral ganglia, located on the pharynx in
but styles and stigma are free. Its ovary becomes 3rd segment
unilocular due to breakdown of partition wall and 118 (4)
the ovules are attached to a central axis, i.e., the Yellow fibrous cartilage tissue is found in pinna
ovary is syncarpous, superior, unilocular, with (external ear). It is also found at the tip of the
many ovules and free central placentation. nose.
112 (2) 119 (4)
Parenchyma. The Golgi complex functions primarily as a
Parenchyma forms the major component within processing plant where proteins newly
organs. The cells of the parenchyma are generally synthesized in endoplasmic reticulum are
isodiametric. They may be spherical, oval, round, modified in specific ways. It is primarily associted
polygonal or elongated in shape. Their walls are with secretory activities of the cell.
thin and made up of cellulose. The may either be 120 (3)
closely packed or have small intercellular spaces. Holes in the center of the nuclear pore complex
The parenchyma performs various functions like provide the main channel through which water
photosynthesis, storage, secretion, etc. soluble molecules shuttle between the nucleus
113 (4) and cytoplasm. This channel also contains a
I, II and III. protein called nucleoplasmin, which faciliatates
The monocot stem has a sclerenchymatous nucleo-cytoplasm traffic through the pore.
hypodermis, a large number of scattered vascular 121 (3)
bundles, each surrounded by a sclerenchymatous Leucoplasts are colourless plastids found in
bundle sheath, and a large, conspicuous storage organs of plants 𝑒. 𝑔.,
parenchymatous ground tissue. Vascular bundles Amyloplasr – Store starch
are conjoint and closed. Peripheral vascular Elaioplast – Store fat
bundles are generally smaller than the centrally Proteinoplast – Store protein
located ones. The phloem parenchyma is absent 122 (3)
and water-containing cavities are present within Enzymes are most functional at the temperature
the vascular bundles range of 30° − 50℃
114 (4) 123 (4)
The ‘ring’ arrangement of vascular bundles is a 𝐴 = 1 − 4α-glycosidic bonds, 𝐵 = 1 − 6α
characteristic of dicot stem. Each vascular bundle -glycosidic binds
is conjoint, open and with endarch protoxylem 124 (2)
115 (2)
 System at equilibrium cannot perform work. As which are connected by a bridge called
living organisms work continuously, they make a plasmodesmata
constant effort to prevent falling into equilibrium 132 (3)
125 (2) Water rises beyond the point at which it would be
Purine and pyrimidine nitrogenous base are found supported by air pressure because evaporation
in DNA. Among purines, adenine pairs only with from the plant leaves (transpiration) produces a
the pyrimidine thymine. Similarly, guanine pairs force that pulls upward on the entire column of
with the cytosine. The fact that total amount of water. The forces of adhesion and cohesion
purine will be equal to total amount of pyrimidine maintain an unbroken column of water. Thus,
was first enunciated by Chargaff in 1950. From transpiration facilitates absorption of water by
this law, roots.
Adenine=Thymine=60/2=30% 133 (4)
Guanine=Cytosine=40/2=20% If an external solution balances the osmotic
126 (1) pressure of the cytoplasm, it is known as isotonic
Chromosomal crossing over is the exchange of solution. When the cells are placed in isotonic
genetic material between homologous solution, there is no net flow of water
chromosomes that results in the recombinant 134 (4)
chromosomes. It occurs during prophase-I of Cohesion-tension theory for ascent of sap was
meiosis originally proposed by Dixon and Jolly (1894) and
127 (1) greatly supported and elaborated by Dixon (1914,
Reduces by half. 1924). It is also called transpiration pull theory
Meiosis start with one diploid containing copies of and is based on the assumptions of:
chromosome, one from mother and one from 1.​ Continuous water column from rot hairs
father. The cell divides twice, producing up to four to the tip of the plant.
haploid cells containing one copy of each 2.​ Cohesive and adhesive properties of water
chromosome molecules.
128 (1) 3.​ Strong transpiration pull exerted by all the
Cell cycle consists of two basic stages. There is a transpiring leaves on the stem.
long undividing stage called I-phase (interphase) 135 (3)
and a short-dividing M-phase The legumes (papilionacous plants) are itself
129 (4) incapable of nitrogen fixation. The Rhizobium
During meiosis, beads like structures are absent bacteria are present symbiotically in the root
on chromosomes and separation of two basic sets nodules of these plants which have the capability
of chromosome occurs of nitrogen fixation.
130 (4) 136 (1)
Adhesion is the attraction of unlike molecules to Removal of –𝑁𝐻2 group is called deamination,
each other, such as that between water and the
while that of – COOH group is called
walls of xylem vessels in plants.
decarboxylation.
131 (3) 137 (4)
Root pressure, a manifestation of active water
Hydroponics has been successfully employed as a
absorption is developed in xylem sap of roots of
technique for the commercial production
same plants. It maintains optimum metabolic
vegetables such as tomato, seed less cucumber
activity and reduce transpiration and provide a
and lettuce
light push in overall process of water transport
138 (1)
because root pressure cannot transport water
Phenetics (Gr. 𝑃ℎ𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑖𝑛= to appear; the term
upto the whole length of plant. Movement of
phenotypes is derived from this same root)
water is shown through xylem.
dedicates taxonomic affinities entirely on the
In symplastic movements, movement of water
basis of measurable similarities and differences.
occurs from cell to cell through their protoplasm,
139 (3)
 The Calvin cycle proceeds in three stages (1) oxygenation activity. It would be more correct to
carboxylation, during which 𝐶𝑂2 combines with call it RuBP carboxylase-oxygenase or RuBisCo
ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate; (2) reduction, during 143 (2)
which carbohydrate are formed at the expense of 4 ATP are formed in glycolysis but 2 ATP used
the photochemically made ATP and NADPH; and 2 ATP in Krebs’ cycle
(3) regeneration during, 𝐶𝑂2 acceptor is ribulose 34 ATP from electron transport chain
40 ATP
1, 5-bisphosphate is formed again so that the cycle
144 (2)
continues. Regeneration of the 𝐶𝑂2 acceptor
Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of
molecule, RuBP is crucial if the cycle is to continue oxygen that leads to a complete oxidation of
uninterrupted. The regeneration steps require one organic substances and releases 𝐶𝑂2, water and a
ATP for phosphorylation to form RuBP
large amount of energy. This type of respiration is
most common in higher organism
145 (3)
The pyruvic acid formed during glycolysis enters
to mitochondria where oxidative Decarboxylation
takes place and acetyl Co-A is formed. It occurs in
presence of NAD+, pyruvic acid Dehydrogenase
complex and coenzyme-A. pyruvic acid + NAD+ →
Acetyl Co-A + NADH + H+ + C𝑂2
146 (3)
140 (2) Pyruvic acid, generated in the cytosol is
The movement of electrons in ETS of transported to mitochondria and thus initiate the
photosynthesis is down hill in terms of oxidation second phase of respiration. Before pyruvic acid
reduction or redox potential scale. The electrons enters Kreb’s cycle, operative in the mitochondria,
are not used up as they pass through the electron one of the three carbon atoms of pyruvic acid is
transport chain, but they passed on the pigments oxidised to carbon dioxide in a reaction called
of photosystem I. Simultaneously, electrons in the oxidative decarboxylation
reaction centre of PS-I are also excited, when they 147 (3)
receive red light of wavelength 700 nm and are Permanent localised qualitative change in size,
transferred to another acceptor molecule that has biochemistry, structure and function of cells or
greater redox potential. These electrons than are organs is called differentiation
moved down hill again this time to a molecule of 148 (2)
+
energy rich 𝑁𝐴𝐷𝑃 . The addition of these The period of growth is generally divided in to
+
electrons reduces the 𝑁𝐴𝐷𝑃 to 𝑁𝐴𝐷𝑃𝐻 + 𝐻
+ three phases
141 (2) (i) Meristematic phase
(ii) Elongation phase
Photorespiration takes place in the photosynthetic
(iii) Maturation phase
cells, eg, green parts of plant in the presence of
149 (3)
light.
Gibberellin promotes internodal elongation in a
142 (4)
wide range of species. This internodal elongation
Carboxylation (In 𝐶3-cycle) It is the fixation of 𝐶𝑂2
phenomenon is known as blotting. Giberellin is a
into a stable organic intermediate. Carboxylation plant growth hormone, which was first obtained
is the most crucial step of the Calvin cycle, where from a fungus
𝐶𝑂2 is utilised for the carboxylation of RuBP. This 𝐺𝑖𝑏𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑗𝑖𝑘𝑢𝑟𝑜𝑖 (𝐹𝑢𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑖).
reaction is catalysed by the enzyme RuBP 150 (4)
carboxylase, which results in the formation of two Gibberellin delay senescence. Thus, the fruit can
molecules of 3-PGA. Since, this enzyme also has an be left on tree longer so as to extend the market
period
151 (4)
 Growth of the plant is open ended because plant Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away
grows indefinitely forming new organs to replace from the heart towards different organs. They
the older or senescent ones. Meristem is generally contain oxygenated blood (except
responsible for undermined growth of plants. pulmonary artery which contains deoxygenated
Irreversible increase in the mass or volume is blood). The blood flows in an artery under
called opperent growth. Where as in real growth, alternate increased pressure and with jerks.
formation of new plant protoplasm takes place 161 (3)
152 (3) Pre T-cells are progenitors formed in bone
The oxyntic cells or parietal cells of the gastric marrow and differentiated elseshere.
glands secrete HCl. This HCl converts pepsinogen 162 (1)
and prorennin to pepsin and rennin respectively. The bundle of His, known as AV bundle (atrio
153 (3) ventricular bundle) is a collection of heart muscle
The deficiency of vitamin-A causes keratomalacia. cells specialized for electrical conduction. These
It is the advanced stage of xerophthalmia in which specialized muscle fibres in the heart were named
the cornea becomes keratinized. after the Swiss cardiologist Wilhelm His Jr., who
154 (4) discovered them in 1893.
Absorption of fats and fat soluble vitamins are 163 (2)
carried out by the simple process of diffusion. Chordae tendinae are string-like processes in the
Being insoluble in water, fatty acids and glycerol heart that attach the edges of the bicuspid and
cannot reach the blood stream directly. They are tricuspid valves to the walls of the ventricles,
first broken down into water soluble droplets prevent them from being forced back into the atria
called micelles with the help of bile salts. From when the ventricles contract.
micelles, fatty acids, glycerol and vitamins (fat 164 (2)
soluble) are absorbed into intestinal the cells by Malfunctioning of kidneys can lead of the
diffusion. Here, they are resynthesised in ER and accumulation of urea in blood, this condition is
are changed into small fat molecules called called uremia which is very harmful and may lead
chylomicrons, which are the released from to kidney failure. In such patient urea can be
intestinal cells into the blood stream removed by process called haemodialysis
155 (3) 165 (4)
D is the hepatic portal vein and F is the hepatic Glycosuria is the condition, when glucose is
vein excreted in the urine because the blood sugar
156 (3) level exceeds from the normal.
Carbonic anhydrase is found in the blood and the 166 (3)
minute quantity of same is in plasma Functions ADH
157 (2) (i) Reabsorption of water from DCT and CT
Alveoli are the primary site of exchange of gases. (ii) Constriction of blood vessel
Exchange of gases also occur between the blood (iii) Increase the blood flow
and tissue. 𝑂2 and 𝐶𝑂2 are exchanged in these 167 (3)
sites by simple diffusion, mainly based on Kreb-Henseleit cycle
pressure concentration gradient 168 (2)
158 (2) A – glomerulus
1. Posterior part of the pharynx-Nasopharynx B – filtration
2. Present at the glottis-Epiglottis C – 1100 – 1200
1
3. The front of oesphagus- Trachea D– 5
𝑡ℎ
159 (4) 169 (3)
Total Lung Capacity Total volume of the air Osteoporosis is a disease, in which bones loses
accommodated in the lungs at the end of forced minerals and fibres from its matrix. Imbalances of
inspiration. This includes RV, ERV, TV and IRV. It is hormones like calcitonin, parathyroid and sex
the sum of vital capacity and the residual volume hormones, deficiencies of calcium and vitamin-D
160 (1) are the main causes of osteoporosis.
170 (4) 175 (1)
Chondroitin sulphate is a jelly like substance that Para-ventricular nucleus of hypothalamus is
provides support and adhesiveness in cartilage, related to sweat secretion.
bone, skin and blood vessels. 176 (1)
171 (2) Vagus nerve is a mixed cranial nerve controlling
A herbarium (A) is a collection/place of pressed much of the gut, ventilatory system and heart. It
dried and preserved plants specimen mounted on do not affects tongue movements. Tongue
a paper sheets (B) labelled and arranged movements are controlled by glossopharyngeal
systematically for further reference nerve
172 (1) 177 (4)
𝐶𝑎
2+
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑔
2+
𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑢𝑠𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡 Mineralocorticoides are responsible for regulation
of mineral metabolism. Aldosterone is one of the
Myosin+ Actin 𝐴𝑇𝑃→ 2+ Actomyosin important mineralocorticoides in humans. Its
𝐶𝑎
main function is to regulate the sodium content of
​
the body. Mineralocorticoides are secreted by
ATP +𝐻2𝑂𝑀𝑦𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑇𝑃 𝑎𝑟𝑒→ 2+ 2+ ADP +
𝐶𝑎 / 𝑀𝑔 zona glomerulosa region of adrenal cortex.
𝑃𝑖 + 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 178 (3)
Heterocrine glands are the glands which have dual
173 (3) (exo and endocrine) mode of function.
The proteins troponin and tropomyosin are Invertebrate possess very simple endocrine
closely associated systems with few hormones, whereas a large
number of chemicals act as hormones and provide
coordination in the vertebrates
179 (3)
A-CNS, B-libido, C-anabolic
180 (2)
Simple goitre is caused by deficiency of iodine in
174 (4) diet because iodine is necessary for the synthesis
Linnaeus classified all the living organisms into
of thyroid hormone. It causes thyroid
two large kingdoms, 𝑖. 𝑒.,Plantae and Animalia.
enlargement.
The descending order of Linnaean hierarchy is
Kingdom→Phylum→Class→Order→ Family →
Genus → Species.