khadar

1). more fertile

1). formed by Deposition of sediments by rivers.
2). new formed soil
2). found inPunjab,U.P., Bihar.
alluvial soil two types of soil
3). is Loamy,Rich in mineral in nature.
bhangar 4). rice,wheat, sugarcane are grown here
1). less fertile
2). old soil

1). formed due to formed by weathering of lava-rocks.

2). found in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka , Tamil Nadu.
black soil
3). is Very fertile ,Black in colour in nature.
4). sugarcane,tobacco,Cotton are grown here.

types of soil there are four types of soil

1). formed due to weathering of crystalline rocks.
2). is found in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh
3). is Red in colour-due to large amounts of
red soil
iron-oxides , Poor in nitrogen, phosphorus and organic
matter in nature.
4). potatoes,tobacco,rice,Vegetables are grown here .

1). made Due to leaching in areas of heavy rain.

2). is found in Tamil Nadu,Karnataka,Andhra Pradesh.
Laterite soil 3). is Red due to Iron Oxide,Poor in lime, nitrogen and
magnesium in nature.
4). rubber,tea,cofice are the crops grown here.

they are formed in their original position by the

in situ breaking down of parent rocks . it is also known as
Residual or Sedimentary Soil.
soil classification soil are of two types
transported by various agents of erosion and consist
ex situ of sediments carried and deposited by rivers and
winds. it is also known as transported soil.

soil consistent of Decomposed vegetal and animal

constituents of soil remains, called humus, silica, clay and sand are the
other constituents of soil.

It occurs on gentle slopes and is the slow removal of a

Sheet Erosion
thin layer of soil

It is the stage between sheet erosion and gully

Rill Erosion
erosion ,finger-shaped rills are formed in it .

deep gullies are made on bare soils on account of

Gully Erosion
water run-off .
soil erosion
During rainfall the nutrients in the soil are leached or
Leaching
percolated below the top layer

The tidal waters the sea cause considerable damage

Sea or Shore Erosion
soil resources to the nil along the coast

Streams and the change their courses by cutting one

Stream Bank Erosion
bank and depositing the silt loads on the other.

1). deforestation
SOIL EROSION DUE TO HUMAN ACTION
2). uncontrolled grazing of domestic animals

Wind Erosion refers to the movement and deposition

of soil particles by wind. Wind moves soil particles
EROSION BY WIND 0.1-0.5mm in size and those greater than 0.5mm by
rolling. The former is known as saltation and the latter
as soil creep.

Cattle freely graze in open lands making them bare of

Overgrazing vegetation. Winds carry away dry soil particles from
the bare landscape

The farming techniques and small size of holdings

CAUSES OF SOIL EROSION Bad Farming Techniques:
lead to soil erosion on a large scale.

Forests are destroys so that more land can be used

Deforestation for cultivative, Cutting of trees exposes the soil to
water and wind, which leads to soil erosion.

On hilly slopes terraces act as bunds and prevent the

Terrace Farming
soil fronm being washed away by running water

Farmers plant trees in several rows to check wind

Shelter Belts
PREVENTION erosion. They ar known as wind breaks

The trees, like in the case shelter Belts, are planted

along the edges of hfelds, the waste land and on
Planting Trees
steep slopes pment soil erosion as well as to enhance
the capacity of the soil to retain water.

Soil conservation means prevention of soil loss from

erosion or prevention of reduced fertility of soil
SOIL CONSERVATION caused by over usage, acidification, salinisation or
other types of soil contamination.