A C Circuits
Source
Alternating Voltage (A .
.
C Generator
is coil of each of area A
A V.
.
a N turns
Motating in U M
. .
F of Induction B with
constant angular velocity as
B
L
N A
WE
W =
E
0
>
-
( O=
B
8 B
-
E
MagneticA 30BANCOSO
O = BANCOSWE
Faraday's law e =0 = BAN InNE
dt
C
- - ⑳ Since
Alternating Voltage Peak Value
I~
A or Max Value
= F = =O SinWt Of Co
- T/2
&
T A
I-
>
&
- & Alternating Current
E T
↓
magnitude
- -
+ half cycle
t /2 #
-
-
-
& ⑧ &
> changes -
half Cycle
E
=
Continuously
Fo
-
direction changes
periodically after half Cycle [
&
Basics - Introduction
D C. Battery
.
A # Fo
2 sources a
current
I
E = 10V
-I ↑
A U S
. .
S
-
&
E= Eosing E
- -
⑪
=OV current
=
- staph Electi
a
- graph
Sincut-
Sine
-
↑
>
-
If
=
Tre
2+3
= 2A
steady
current
3)
1
TEMf
Freskon
=
=
-
-
R
Ounce
(Battery/Avs)
speed = Distance/time
4) = = 0
E
&
T Dillance
Av Speak-
Average Total chaise
=
TAME
-
zunheut
Total time
Variable
2 Time dependent curments
Current
sinsuoidal current
Phason Current
# = 47 2 3 # To SinCot
↓ = To 7
X Cos we
Any Current
&
Ph . =Photy Phangle
~ May #
charset
I
TN
I
charge
Area-T.
- -
↓
X
- t
RMs
-
-
D
applicable for
66 . I all currents
↓ virtual I
For phason currents I = to Sinct
EX 20
-average
I
=
T
= T/2
b)
& T
-
for full Cycle
average 20 = 0 .
64
I Ger half Cycle
-
a
4 FRMSFOM = 0 7F
O
:
=
t Full/halbI
Quarter Cycle
T
a for
-
half Cycle T >
Fay
-
RMS
T
between -
,
to
&
I
T
-average -
1 to tz= 39
.
t =
>
S ⑪e · -
[] tz= 3
e
= 1
SEAT = E3
3
· Sat =
-
E
I
phason
on
Basic essentials
StNdt INC = tE3
·
S4tdt 4/edt
-
Strat =+
Stat =
+ C
Sat = t +C =
2(32)
2(9-4) 10
=
=
2) It I-t graph is a straight lime
orisin find R M S
Passing
. .
throuth
·
current in first
To seconds .
Ip
MANY
-----
-
&
I y
polation
2)
T
ut
-8
- O
M = slope tano= o
To
y = ms
I
(t)
=
ent
=
= t=o
=
-
to
=
to
=
T
To
I
T
-
·
T
-
0
-
- --
- - .
>
-
# I L
To
&
current
-
To
=
E
o
Fo
2
-
Pulse
A
housinsive
·
·
soln
=
II
·
=>
eO
Sin
T
It = Since
-
2 SINO COS = Sin 20
- T
-
max
= Fo = 10
I
Phason
in which current changes
· Find minimum time
=
FROM
O to 0 -
08
.
. -
tET/2
&Fo &
B
*
& Find ~
time taken for current to change
-
O to R - ms
.
from
value ?
I =
to Sin wh
E sina wt = I
sin
=
Fo
I
t =π
singt = Sinus
I
=
t= 3/4 see
(AvS =
-
s -
. S-V
A U .
keeps on
Of 220V
changing
↓ Represents
220V -
-
-
R M S .
.
Voltage
#
ERMS
b) u 66W-220V R= ?
Prax Max
P= = = 2
PMax 66
E
RMS = 220V
·
-
4)
-
Rcoil = O
LO J
-
R
R
T-
Bulb
Enleve
T
--
--
T 66
-
RMS
=
ERMS -
--
220 = -
Total Redistance 2202
-
220
↓E = 0-3A
d) Frms = Sinusoidal/Pbason)
=> to =
Frns() = 0 .
3 (1 414)
.
= 0
-
.
4242 A
5) Sinusoidal current (phason current)
flowing through a desiston of Sur is given by
I = 10
sint) # 10 COSE)
& Find T
Fax FRMS ?
Max
-
in the
3) Find heat energy developed
Resistor In Calorie in 10 Sec
.
-
-
-
V Y V FMP
.
. .
F
5) We
I = I Sinc + Cos
,
-
I
BR
then -
T
Man=V I
, + Iz
2 -
-
-
-
& # = 10
SinFE) + 10
Cos E
&
I = I
,
Sinc + =2 Cos (E)
T
-
=
Iman =
_
+ 2 =
A
Phase
=
(0)2 = 20
-
Far
0 220) 40
=
=
i
T
IRMS
= =If 14A)
0
= 144A
b) R = S42
-> T
-
varies with time
>
FRMSIOR A
-
F -
-
representative Cal = 4 2 J
Cal .
H #RE
I
Edevpd (840) J
.
=
HE = 200
RMS
S
(540) cal
(or)s
-
- = 200
2
J => 200
(200) cal = 40000 cal
