QUIZ 3
Principle of Steel Design
March 25-26, 2024 SET A
1. )An axial compressive column of an
HSS 250 x 150 x 4mm has an effective length
of 6 m. (use NSCP 2015)Determine the
design strength of the column.
Use Fy = 318 MPa, ) use K=1.0
Properties:
L= 6 m.
Ix= 27.6 x106 mm4
Iy= 12.57 x106 mm4
Ag = 3,136 mm2
Fy = 318 MPa
Check width to thickness ratio;
𝑏 150−1.5(4)(2) 200000
= = 34.5 < 1.40√ = 35 not slender element
𝑡 4 318
ℎ 250−1.5(4)(2) 𝐸
= = 59.5 > 1.40√𝐹𝑦 slender element
𝑡 4
𝐸 0.34 𝐸
he = 1.92t √ [1 − √𝑓 ] ≤ h (505.7-17)
𝑓 (ℎ⁄𝑡 )
200000 0.34 200000
he = 1.92(4) √ [1 − √ ] 161.75 mm < 238 ok
318 59.5 318
Aeff. =3,136 - (238-161.75)(4)(2) =2526 mm2
Local Buckling : Qs = 1.0
Q= QsQa therefore Q= Qa
𝐴𝑒𝑓𝑓 2526
Qa = , Qa = =0.805
𝐴𝑔 3135
𝑘𝐿 𝐸
.. when ≤4.71√𝑄𝐹 (or Fe ≥ 0.44QFy)
𝑟 𝑦
12.57𝑥106
ry=√ = 63.31
3135
𝐾𝐿 (1)(6000) 200000
= = 94.77 ; 4.71√ = 131.65
𝑟 63.31 (.805)318
𝑄𝐹𝑦
𝐾𝐿 𝐸
Therefore ; ≤ 4.71√ ( short column) where Fcr = [0.658 𝐹𝑒 ] 𝑄Fy
𝑟 𝑄𝐹𝑦
𝜋2 𝐸 𝜋2 (200000)
Fe = 𝑘𝐿 2
= = 219.78 > 0.44QFy
( ) (94.22)2
𝑟
(0.805)(318)
Fcr = [0.658 219.78 ] (0.805)(318)= 157.22 MPa
Pn = Fcr x Ag , Pn = 157.22(3136) = 493.03 KN (Governing nominal strength)
Pu = 0.90 (493.03) = 443.73 KN
2. Determine the allowable compressive strength of a W18 x 35 of A992 steel column having a length
of 6 m. and is fixed both ends with lateral bracing at its mid height. (use Fy=345 MPa and
recommended K) )
Properties of W18 x 35
Ag = 10.5 in2 Ag = 6,774.18 mm2
d= 17.7 in kdes = 0.827 in d= 450 mm kdes = 21 mm
bf= 6 in bf= 152.4 mm
tf= 0.425 in tw =0.30 in tf= 10.8 mm tw = 7.6 mm
rx = 7.04 in ry = 1.22 in rx = 178.82 mm ry = 31 mm
Checking the width- thickness ratio:
For Flange: For Web:
𝑏𝑓 152.4 ℎ (450−2(21)
λf = = =7.06 λw = = = 53.54
2𝑡𝑓 2(10.8) 𝑡𝑤 7.6
𝐸 (200,000) 𝐸 (200000)
λrf= 0.56√ = 0.56√ λrw= 1.49√ = 1.49√
𝐹𝑦 345 𝐹𝑦 345
λrf= 13.48 > λf The flange is not slender λrw= 35.87 < 53.54 web is slender
Calculate the effective width be:
F= Fcr calculated based on Q=1.0
𝐸 200,000 𝐾𝐿 (0.80)(3000)
4.71√ = 4.71√ = 113.4 = = 77.4
𝐹𝑦 345 𝑟 31
𝐾𝐿 (0.65)(6000) 𝐾𝐿
Consider rx = = 21.81 therefore critical = 77.4 < 113.4 (short column)
𝑟 178.82 𝑟
𝐹𝑦
𝜋2 𝐸 𝜋2 (200000)
Fcr = [0.658 ]Fy𝐹𝑒 Fe = 𝑘𝐿 2
= (77.4)2
= 329.32 MPa > 0.44Fy
(𝑟)
345
Fcr = [0.658 329.32](345) = 222.53 MPa
h= d-2(kdes) = 450-2(21) = 408 mm
(h/t) = 408/ 7.62 = 53.54
𝐸 0.34 𝐸
he = 1.92t √𝑓 [1 − (𝑏⁄ ) √𝑓 ] ≤ h
𝑡
200,000 0.34 200,000
he = 1.92(7.62) √ [1 − ( √ ]≤ h
222.53 53.54) 222.53
he = 355.1 < 408
Aeff = Ag –(htw -betw) =6774.18 -⟮(408-355.1)(7.62)⟯
= 6371.08
𝐴𝑒𝑓𝑓 (6371.08)
Qa = = =0.94
𝐴𝑔 6774.18
Calculation of the nominal strength
𝐸 200,000 𝐾𝐿 (0.80)(3000)𝐿
4.71√𝑄𝐹𝑦 = 4.71√(0.94)345 = 116.97 = =77.42
𝑟 31
𝑄𝐹𝑦
(.94)345
Fcr = [0.658 𝐹𝑒 ]QFy Fcr = [0.658 329.32 ] (0.94)(345) = 214.75 MPa
𝜋2 𝐸 𝜋2 (200000)
Fe = 𝑘𝐿 2
= (77.42)2
= 329.32 > 0.44QFy
( )
𝑟
Pn = Fcr Ag = 214.75 (6774.18) = 1454.79 KN
1,454.79
Pa = = 871.132 KN
1.67
3.) Select the lightest W12 section available for the service column loads .
DL = 400 KN , LL= 365KN . Use A992 steel (Fy=345 MPa) and LRFD method. The 4 meter height column
is fixed at the lower end and hinge on the other. Use recommended K
1) Load combination:
Use LRFD : Pu=1.2DL +1.6 LL
Pu=1.2(400) +1.6 (365) = 1,064 KN
2.). Assumed KL/r = 50
** Method 1**
Fy =345 MPa for A992 steel
𝜋2 𝐸 𝜋2 (200000)
3.). Fe = 𝑘𝐿 2
= (50)2
= 789.57 MPa
(𝑟)
𝐹𝑦 345
Fcr = [0.658 ]Fy = [0.658789.57](345) = 287.34 MPa
𝐹𝑒
𝑃𝑢 1064,000
4.) Ag = = = 4,111.22 mm2 = 6.372 in2
𝜙𝐹𝑐𝑟 (0.9)(287.34)
5.) Select the section: Try 12 x 22
Important properties: Ag= 6.48 in2 = 4,180.64 mm2, , ry= 0.848 in = 21.54 mm
6.). analyze:
𝑘𝐿 0.8(4000) 𝐸 200,000
3.). Solve the slenderness ratio, = = 148.56 > 4.71√ = 4.71√ = 113.4 (long column)
𝑟 21.54 𝐹𝑦 345
𝜋2 𝐸 𝜋2 (200,000 )
4.). Determine the elastic critical stress. Fe = = = 89.438 MPa < 0.44Fy
𝑘𝐿 2 (148.56)2
(𝑟)
5.). Fcr = 0.877 Fe = 0.877 (87.438) = 76.683 Kn
Pn = (76.683)(4180.64)=320.584 KN
Pu= 0.90(320.584)=288.53KN. <1,064 KN fail. W 12 x 22 is inadequate
Try 12 x 26
Important properties: Ag= 7.65 in2 = 4,935.47 mm2, , ry= 1.51 in = 38.35 mm
analyze:
𝑘𝐿 0.8(4000) 𝐸 200,000
3.). Solve the slenderness ratio, = = 83.44 < 4.71√ = 4.71√ = 113.4 (short column)
𝑟 38.35 𝐹𝑦 345
𝜋2 𝐸 𝜋2 (200,000 )
4.). Determine the elastic critical stress. Fe = = = 283.52 MPa < 0.44Fy
𝑘𝐿 2 (83.44)2
(𝑟)
𝐹𝑦
345
5.). Fcr = [0.658 𝐹𝑒 ]Fy Fcr = [0.658 283.52 ](345) = 207.467 MPa
Pn = (207.467)(4935.47)=1,023.95 KN
Pu= 0.90(1023.95)= 921.55KN. < 1064 KN fail. W 12 x 26 is inadequate
Try 12 x 30
Important properties: Ag= 8.79 in2 = 5,670.96 mm2, , ry= 1.52 in = 38.61 mm
analyze:
𝑘𝐿 0.8(4000) 𝐸 200,000
3.). Solve the slenderness ratio, = = 82.88 < 4.71√ = 4.71√ = 113.4 (short column)
𝑟 38.61 𝐹𝑦 345
𝜋2 𝐸 𝜋2 (200,000 )
4.). Determine the elastic critical stress. Fe = = = 287.36 MPa < 0.44Fy
𝑘𝐿 2 (82.88)2
(𝑟)
𝐹𝑦
345
5.). Fcr = [0.658 𝐹𝑒 ]Fy Fcr = [0.658 287.36 ](345) = 208.73 MPa
Pn = (208.73)(5670.96)=1,183.7 KN
Pu= 0.90(1183.7)= 1065.33KN. > 1064 KN safe. W 12 x 30 is adequate and the lightest
QUIZ 3
Principle of Steel Design
March 25-26, 2024
Name:___________________________________Course & Sec.________________ SET B
1. )An axial compressive column of an
HSS 300 x 200 x 6mm has an effective length
of 6 m. (use NSCP 2015)Determine the allowable
strength of the column.
Use Fy = 318 MPa, ) use K=0.80
Properties:
L= 6 m.
Ix= 40.53 x106 mm4
Iy= 75.76 x106 mm4
Ag = 5856 mm2
Fy = 318 MPa
Check width to thickness ratio;
𝑏 200−1.5(6)(2) 200000
= = 30.33 < 1.40√ = 35 not slender element
𝑡 6 318
ℎ 300−1.5(6)(2) 𝐸
= = 47 > 1.40√𝐹𝑦 slender element
𝑡 6
𝐸 0.34 𝐸
he = 1.92t √ [1 − √𝑓 ] ≤ h (505.7-17)
𝑓 (ℎ⁄𝑡 )
200000 0.34 200000
he = 1.92(6) √ [1 − √ ] 230.32 mm < 282 ok
318 47 318
Aeff. =5,856 - (282-130.32)(6)(2) =5235,84 mm2
Local Buckling : Qs = 1.0
Q= QsQa therefore Q= Qa
𝐴𝑒𝑓𝑓 5235.84
Qa = , Qa = =0.894
𝐴𝑔 5856
𝑘𝐿 𝐸
.. when ≤4.71√ (or Fe ≥ 0.44QFy)
𝑟 𝑄𝐹 𝑦
40.52𝑥106
ry=√ = 83.19 mm
5856
𝐾𝐿 (0.80)(6000) 200000
= = 57.7 ; 4.71√ = 124.93
𝑟 83.19 (.894)318
𝑄𝐹𝑦
𝐾𝐿 𝐸
Therefore ; ≤ 4.71√ ( short column) where Fcr = [0.658 𝐹𝑒 ] 𝑄Fy
𝑟 𝑄𝐹𝑦
𝜋2 𝐸 𝜋2 (200000)
Fe = 𝑘𝐿 2
= = 592.9.89 > 0.44QFy
(57.7)2
(𝑟)
(0.894)(318)
Fcr = [0.658 592.9 ] (0.894)(318)= 232.61 MPa
Pn = Fcr x Ag , Pn = 232.61(5856) = 1362.183 KN (Governing nominal strength)
1362.183
Pa = = 815.68 KN
1.67
2. Determine the design compressive strength of a W16 x 26 of A992 steel column having a length of 8
m. where the lower end is fixed and the upper ends is hinge connected with lateral bracing at its mid
height. (use Fy=345 MPa and recommended K) )
Properties of W16 x 26
Ag = 7.68 in2 Ag = 4,954.82 mm2
d= 15.7 in kdes = 0.747 in d= 398.78 mm kdes = 18.974 mm
bf= 5.5 in bf= 139.7 mm
tf= 0.345 in tw =0.25 in tf= 8.76 mm tw =6.35 mm
rx = 6.26 in ry = 1.12 in rx = 159 mm ry = 28.45 mm
Checking the width- thickness ratio:
For Flange: For Web:
𝑏𝑓 139.7 ℎ (398.78−2(18.974)
λf = = =7.97 λw = = = 56.82
2𝑡𝑓 2(8.76) 𝑡𝑤 6.34
𝐸 (200,000) 𝐸 (200000)
λrf= 0.56√ = 0.56√ λrw= 1.49√ = 1.49√
𝐹𝑦 345 𝐹𝑦 345
λrf= 13.48 > λf The flange is not slender λrw= 35.87 < 53.54 web is slender
Calculate the effective width be:
F= Fcr calculated based on Q=1.0
𝐸 200,000 𝐾𝐿 (1.0)(4000)
4.71√ = 4.71√ = 113.4 = = 140.59 mm > 113.3 (long column)
𝐹𝑦 345 𝑟 28.45
𝜋2 𝐸 𝜋2 (200,000 )
Determine the elastic critical stress. Fe = = = 99.86 MPa < 0.44Fy
𝑘𝐿 2 (140.59)2
(𝑟)
Fcr = 0.877 Fe = 0.877 (99.86) = 87.57 Kn
h= d-2(kdes) = 398.78-2(18.974) = 360.83 mm
(h/t) = 360.83/ 6.35 = 56.82
𝐸 0.34 𝐸
he = 1.92t √𝑓 [1 − (𝑏⁄ ) √𝑓 ] ≤ h
𝑡
200,000 0.34 200,000
he = 1.92(6.35) √ [1 − (56.82) √ ]≤ h
87.57 87.57
he = 413.42 > 398.78 therefore use he = 398.78
Aeff = Ag –(htw -betw) =4954.82 -⟮(398.78 -398.78 )(7.62)⟯
= 4954.82
𝐴𝑒𝑓𝑓 (4954.82)
Qa = = = 1.0
𝐴𝑔 4954.82
Calculation of the nominal strength
𝐸 200,000 𝐾𝐿 (1.0)(4000)
4.71√𝐹𝑦 = 4.71√(1.0)345 = 113.3 𝑟
=
28.45
= 140.59 mm > 113. (long column)
𝜋2 𝐸 𝜋2 (200,000 )
Determine the elastic critical stress. Fe = = = 99.86 MPa < 0.44Fy
𝑘𝐿 2 (140.59)2
(𝑟)
Fcr = 0.877 Fe = 0.877 (99.86) = 87.57 Kn
Pn = Fcr Ag = 87.57 (4954.82) = 433.89 KN
Pu = 0.9 (433.89) = 390.5 KN
3.) Select the lightest W12 section available for the service column loads .
DL = 475 KN , LL= 500KN . Use A36 steel and ASD method. The 5 meter height column is fixed
at the lower end and hinge on the other. Use r.ecommended K
2) Load combination:
Use ASD : Pa=DL + LL
Pu=(475) +(500) = 975KN
Assumed KL/r = 60
Fy =248 MPa for A36 steel
𝜋2 𝐸 𝜋2 (200000)
3.). Fe = 𝑘𝐿 2
= (60)2
= 548.3 MPa
(𝑟)
𝐹𝑦 248
Fcr = [0.658 ]Fy = [0.658548.3](248) = 205.226 MPa
𝐹𝑒
1.67𝑃𝑎 (1.67)(975,000)
4.) Ag = = = 7,933.909 mm2 = 12.298 in2
𝐹𝑐𝑟 (205.226)
Select the section: Try 12 x 45
Important properties: Ag= 13.1 in2 = 8,451.6 mm2, , ry= 1.95 in = 49.53 mm
analyze:
𝑘𝐿 0.8(5000) 𝐸 200,000
Solve the slenderness ratio, = = 80.53 < 4.71√ = 4.71√ = 133.75 (short column)
𝑟 49.53 𝐹𝑦 248
𝜋2 𝐸 𝜋2 (200,000 )
Determine the elastic critical stress. Fe = = = 302.65 MPa > 0.44Fy
𝑘𝐿 2 (80.53)2
(𝑟)
𝐹𝑦 248
Fcr = [0.658 𝐹𝑒 ]Fy = [0.658302.65 ](248) = 176 MPa
Pn = (176)(8,451.6)=1487.94 KN
𝑃𝑛 1487.94
Pa= 1.67 =
1.67
= 890.68KN. < 975 KN fail. W 12 x 45 is inadequate
Select another section: Try 12 x 50
Important properties: Ag= 14.6 in2 = 9,419.33 mm2, , ry= 1.96 in = 49.78 mm
analyze:
𝑘𝐿 0.8(5000) 𝐸 200,000
Solve the slenderness ratio, = = 80.35 < 4.71√ = 4.71√ = 133.75 (short column)
𝑟 49.78 𝐹𝑦 248
𝜋2 𝐸 𝜋2 (200,000 )
Determine the elastic critical stress. Fe = = = 305.74 MPa > 0.44Fy
𝑘𝐿 2 (80.35)2
(𝑟)
𝐹𝑦 248
Fcr = [0.658 𝐹𝑒 ]Fy = [0.658305.74 ](248) = 176.6 MPa
Pn = (176.6)(9419.33)=1,663.45 KN
𝑃𝑛 1,663.45
Pa= 1.67 =
1.67
= 996.08KN. > 975 KN safe. W 12 x 50 is adequate
