Hillis Score Marking System
Highlighter
Yellow -- primary thematic material; principal solo staves in concerti
Green -- secondary thematic material
Pink or Red -- text marking in choral works
Colored Pencil
Green -- box “pianissimo”
Blue -- circle “piano,” box “mezzo-piano,” underline “diminuendo,”
backward arrow under “ritardando,” draw vertical double bar to indicate
subito slower tempo, outline
Brown -- parallelogram “mezzo-forte,” circle “rinforzando,” U-bracket “pizzicato,”
box “arco”
Red -- circle “forte,” box “fortissimo,” parallelogram “sforzando,” underline
“crescendo,” draw vertical double bar to indicate subito faster tempo,
draw forward arrow under “accelerando,” outline
bracket fortepiano with red on left and blue on right
Black -- U-bracket or box adjectives, cues, tempos, style indications, rehearsal
numbers/letters, and bowings; write measure numbers at bottom of score,
draw a horizontal wavy line above the staff to indicate a relaxation of tempo
To indicate form sections (see diagram below for examples):
1. Phrases -- vertical line from top stave to bottom stave
2. Periods -- vertical line from top of margin to bottom of margin
3. Large Sections -- vertical double bar with cross-slashes at top
and bottom (indicate the key & tonality at the bottom of the
double bar)
4. Changes of key within sections – vertical double bar
5. Double bar – vertical double bar with slash at top and bottom
6. One measure standing alone – place a box above measure
7. Elision of phrases – use a “stairstep” to indicate each starting
point of the overlap
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
Hillis Score Marking System, page 2
Indicate subdivisions with:
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Harmonic Rhythm can be notated below or above the score in the margins
Harmonic analysis can be notated in the margin below the score
Translate all foreign language terms
Note changes of instrumentation
Separate charts can be created to graph:
1. Harmony
2. Orchestration
3. Form
4. Themes
Examples of circles, boxes, parallelograms, brackets, U-brackets, arrows, etc.
pp p mp mf f ff
fp rfz sfz pizz. arco
accel. ritard. (relaxation of tempo)