ECN-311: Principles of Digital Communication ECE Dept.
IITR
Tutorial 5
Date: August 30, 2024
1. Are the following statements true or false, justify your answer:
i) If the number of quantization levels is increased from 4 to 64, the bandwidth re-
quirement of the signal increases by a factor of 16.
ii) In uniform quantization, if the number of bits per level is increased from 8 to 9, the
quantization noise power reduces by a factor of 8.
iii) If a signal with uniformly distributed voltage from -V to V is uniformly quantized,
the signal to quantization noise ratio depends on the sampling rate.
iv) The signal to quantization noise ratio improves by a factor of n as the number of
bits to represent each quantization level increases from n to n + 1.
Solution False for all.
2. A binary channel with bit rate Rb = 36000 bits per second (b/s) is available for Pulse
Code Modulation (PCM) voice transmission. Assuming the maximum frequency of the
voice signal fM = 3.2 kHz and peak to peak amplitude be 1.586V
i) Find appropriate values of the sampling rate fs , the quantization level L, and the
binary digits n
ii) Find the quantization noise power
Solution
i) n = 5, M = 2n = 25 = 32, fs = 7.2 kHz
ii) QNP = 1.92 × 10−4 V2
3. Consider a signal whose amplitude is uniformly distributed between -5V and 5V.
i) Find the step size of quantization if the signal to quantization noise required in
uniform quantization is 43.5dB.
ii) If the positive values of the signal are uniformly quantized with a step size of 0.05V,
and the negative values of the signal are uniformly quantized with a step size of
0.1V, find the signal to quantization noise ratio in dB.
1
Solution Step Size = 0.0668 V, SQNR = 16000 or 42 dB
4. Three signals with 1200Hz, 600Hz and 600Hz are sampled at their Nyquist rates,
and then encoded with 12 bits. If these signals are time division multiplexed, find the bit
rate of the multiplexed signal.
Solution fs = 2*(1200+600+600), Rb = n*fs = 57.6kbps
5. A signal m(t) band-limited to 3 kHz is sampled at a rate 33½% higher than the
Nyquist rate. The maximum acceptable error in the sample amplitude (the maximum
quantization error) is 0.5% of the peak amplitude mp . The quantized samples are binary
coded. Find the minimum bandwidth of a channel required to transmit the encoded
binary signal. If 24 such signals are time-division-multiplexed, determine the minimum
transmission bandwidth required to transmit the multiplexed signal.
Solution Bmin =32 kHz, For multiplexed signal: Bmin =0.768 M Hz
6. A signal can be modeled as a lowpass stationary process X(t) whose PDF at any
time t0 is given in Figure 1. The bandwidth of this process is 5 kHz, and it is desired to
transmit it using a PCM system.
i) If sampling is done at the Nyquist rate and a uniform quantizer with 32 levels is
employed, what is the resulting SQNR? What is the resulting bit rate?
ii) If the available bandwidth of the channel is 40 kHz, what is the highest achievable
SQNR?
iii) If instead of sampling at the Nyquist rate we require a guard-band of at least 2 kHz,
and the bandwidth of the channel is 40 kHz again, what is the highest achievable
SQNR?
Figure 1
2
Solution
1.
SQNR = 512 = 27.093(dB), bit rate = 50000 bits/sec
2.
SQNR = 32768 = 45.154(dB)
3.
SQNR = 2048 = 33.11(dB)
