SCHEME OF WORK
SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL ONE
(SSS1)
INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
FIRST TERM
SCHEME OF WORK FOR SS1 (FIRST TERM)
Week
1. Overview of computer studies / system
2-3. Data and Information
4. Digitization of Data
5-6. History of computer & computing
7. Classification of Computers
8. Basic Programming Language
9. Operating system
10 ICT Application in everyday life
11-12. Revision and Examination
LESSON PLAN: OVERVIEW OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
Duration: 45mins
Class: SS1
Subject: I. C. T (Information and communication Technology)
Gender: mixed
Topic: Overview of a Computer System
Objectives: at the end of the lesson the students should be able to;
1. Define a computer
2. Explain the types/parts of a computer
3. Draw and label the components of the computers.
References: A chart on computer system.
Presentation
Revision:
To revise the previous lesson, so as to arouse students interest and sharpen their readiness ask
the following questions.
1. What is a computer?
2. List the components of a computer system
Step-1 Introduction:
(Teacher activity)
(Questioning, Discussion e.t.c) the teacher tells the students the objectives of the lesson.
(Student’s activity):
The student participate by answering questions thrown by the teacher.
Step-2 Development
(Teacher activity)
Definition of a computer, classification/constituents of a computer, characteristics of a
computer.
(Student activity)
The student participate by listening attentively
Step-3 Detailed Explanation
(Teacher activity)
Detailed explanation of the characteristics of a computer is given and questions are asked
pertaining to this.
(Student activity)
Student answers question posed by the teacher
Step-4 Evaluation
(Teacher activity)
Teacher evaluates students by asking the following questions
1. Explain what a computer is?
2. List and explain the constituents of a computer.
(Student activity)
Student answers question posed by the teacher
Step-5 Summary
(Teacher activity)
A complete summary of what has been taught thus far is given and assignment is also given
LESSON NOTE
OVERVIEW OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
A computer is an electronic device known to be a very powerful tool for processing data into
meaningful information in a faster, neater and cheaper form. The computer system I on that
can take a set of inputs, process them and create a set of outputs.
A computer is a general-purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of
arithmetic or logical operations automically.
STAGES OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
INPUT: consists of data or commands that are entered into the computer usually via an input
device such as a keyboard, mouse, scanner e.t.c. the role of an input is to provide data for
further processing.
PROCESSING: is the stage where the input data is manipulated to produce meaning full
information. These includes number of stages, sorting searching, calculating, graphing e.t.c.
the result obtained is called output.
OUTPUT: is a stage where information received via processing is presented to the user in a
suitable format.
Constituents of a computer
The computer system has two main parts namely:
1. Computer Hardware
2. Computer Software
Computer Hardware: refers to the physical things of a computer, things that can be seen
touched and handled. Example-the system unit and peripherals.
a. The system unit: this the combination of the major parts of the computer which
includes CPU, motherboard, RAM, ROM, CMOS battery e.t.c.
b. The Peripherals: these are hardware parts used to enhance the capabilities of the
computer to improve its performance e.g keyboard, mouse, joystick, light pen,
scanner, monitor, speaker, printer e.t.c.
2 Computer Software: is a set of instructions or programs that direct the operation of the
computer and devices attached to it.
Types of Computer Software
a. System Software
b. Application Software
System Software: are software used in performing basic tasks to manage a
computer systems e.g windows 95, 98, 2000, x.p windows 8, and device drivers.
Application software: are software used to perform a specific task, processing data in the
computer. E.g Ms Excel, Ms Word, Adobe photoshop, Corel Draw, Ms powerpoint.
Characteristics of a computer
1. Accuracy and precision – gives accurate results
2. High speed of operation – processes data at high speed
3. Reliability- they do not get tired can work continuously for days.
4. Versatility- perform various kinds of task e.g graphic
5. Speed
6. Storage- stores large amount of data & information
7. Automation.
Components of a computer system
1. Monitor
2. Modem
3. System Unit
4. Mouse
5. Speakers
6. Printer
7. Keyboard
8. Storage e.g hard disk drive, compact disk drives, floppy disk drive.
LESSON PLAN: Data and information, Data Handling
Duration: 45mins
Class: SS1
Subject: Information and communication Technology (I.C.T)
Gender: mixed
Topic: Data and information, Data Handling
Objectives: at the end of the lesson the students should be able to;
1. Define Data and information
2. Define Data Handling and ways to handling data
References: information gotten from the internet
Presentation
Revision:
Teacher revises the previous lesson and ask students questions.
Step 1. Introduction (illustration, Discussion)
Teacher activity
Teacher tells the students the day’s topic state the objectives and writes the topic on the
chalkboard.
Step 2. Development (explanation)
Teacher activity
Explanation of the meaning of Data and information, types of Data and ways of handling
data.
Student activity
Pays attention and listens carefully
Step3: Questions
Teacher activity
Teacher give student’s room to ask questions on areas not understood.
Student activity
Participate by asking questions
Step 4: Evaluation
Teacher evaluates students by asking them
1. Define Data and Information
2. Define Data Handling and ways to Handling Data.
Step-5 Summary
(Teacher activity)
A complete summary of what has been taught thus far is given and assignment is also given
LESSON NOTE
DATA AND INFORMATION
Data are raw facts and figures without any added interpretation.
Data can be defined as a representation manner which should be suited for interpretation or
processing by human or electronic machine. Examples of data include;
Symbols: $, @, &, /, # e.t.c
Figures/Numbers: 1,2,3,4,0,1.2,100 e.t.c
Alphabets: A-Z or a-z
Words: Tude, Miracle, Ibadan e.t.c
Information
Information is an organized or classified data which has some meaningful values for the
receiver. It can also be defined as the processed data on which decisions are based. Examples
of information include;
Computer is an electronic device
2*7 = 14
10% of #100 = #100
SOURCES OF DATA
Data are used for information generation and this can be obtained from different sources
which includes;
1. Observations
2. Questionnaires
3. Interviews, survey and fieldwork
4. Registrations
5. Experiment
6. Form filling
7. Examination bodies
8. School attendance Register
9. Bank Statement
10. National population commission
11. INEC
Sources of Information
Information can come from virtually anywhere;
1. media
2. Blog
3. Personal experiences
4. Books
5. Journals
6. Magazines
7. Articles
8. Expert Opinions
9. Encyclopaedias
10. Database
11. Television
12. Newspapers
13. Web Pages
S/N Data Information
1. Data is used as input for the computer system Information is the output of
data
2. Data is unprocessed facts and figures Information is processed data.
3. Data doesn’t depend on information It depends on data
4. Data is not Specific Information is specific
5. Data doesn’t carry a meaning Information carry a logical
meaning
6. Data is raw material Information is the product
7. Data cannot be used for decision making Information is used for
decision making
Types of Data
1. Quantitative Data
2. Qualitative Data
Quantitative Data: are data that can be counted or measured and given a numerical value.
Examples are;
a. Scores of tests and exams e.g 74.5, 67,98 e.t.c
b. The weight of a person e.g 100kg, 54.5kg
c. The temperature in a room e.g 120oC.
There are two general types of quantitative data:
a. Discrete Data: Data that can be counted and has finite values is known as discrete
data. Examples: 1, 2, 50, 89.
b. Continuous Data: These are data which can take any values. Examples: 1.33, 0.22,
45.1111111
Qualitative Data: These data cannot be expressed as a number so it cannot be measured. It
mainly consists of words pictures and symbols but not numbers. It is also known as
categorical data as the information can be sorted by category, not by number.
Examples of qualitative Data:
Colours e.g the colour of the sea
Popular holiday destinations such a Switzerland, New Zealand, South Africa Nigeria e.t.c.
Ethnicity such as igbo, Yoruba, America Asian.
There are two types of qualitative Data
Data which Includes;
a. Nominal Data
b. Ordinal Data
Nominal Data: are used just for labelling variables, without having any quantitative form or
value. The term “Nominal” comes from the Latin word “Nomen” which means “Name”
Examples of Nominal Data:
Gender (Women, Men)
Hair colour (Blonde, Brown, Red e.t.c)
Marital status (Married, single widowed)
(b) Ordinal Data: “ordinal” means “order” in rank or order. Examples of ordinary data are
first, second and third e.t.c High, low medium e.t.c.
Data Handling and ways of Handling Data
Data Handling is the process/ways of ensuring that data is obtained, stored, archived
integrity / in a secured manner.
It is also the process/way of inputting and storing data in a computer. The data is then
processed into information.
Ways of Handling Data
1. Electronic Method
2. Non-Electronic/Manual Method
Electronic Method: is the use of electronic systems such as computers, storage media like
video tape, CD, DVD, memory cards and other electronic devices to obtain, store, archive,
share or dispose data.
Non-Electronic/Manual Method: involves the use of paper files, journals, laboratory
notebooks, human effects and other non-electronic means to store or share data.
Factors to consider when handling Data Electronically
1. Data Integrity
2. Regular update of data
3. Validation of data
4. Security of data/Encryption
5. Type of Data
6. Type of Storage to be used
7. Data Volume/size
8. Access control
9. Regular Anti-virus update
10. Limit physical access to storage media
11. Regular Backups
12. Ensure data recoverability
13. Login/password
14. Record date and time
15. Power supply
Assignment
Explain what these sources of data are;
1. Observations
2. Questionnaires
3. Interviews, survey and fieldwork
4. Bank Statement
LESSON PLAN: DIGITALIZATION OF DATA
Duration: 45mins
Subject: Information and communication technology (I.C.T)
Class: SS1
Gender: mixed
Topic: Digitalization of Data
Objectives: at the end of the lesson the students should be able to;
1. Define Digitalization of Data
2. Give the benefits of Digitalizing data
3. List and Explain components of the computer.
References: Information gotten from the internet.
A Handbook on computer studies for schools,
Presentation
Revision:
Teacher revises the previous lesson and asks students questions.
Step-1 Introduction:
(Teacher activity)
Introduction (Illustration, Discussion) Teacher tells the students the day’s topic and writes it
on the chalkboard.
(Student’s activity): The student participate by answering questions thrown by the teacher.
Step-2 Development (Explanation)
(Teacher activity)
Definition of a computer, classification/constituents of a computer, characteristics of a
computer.
(Student activity)
The student participate by listening attentively.
Step-3 Summary (Questions)
(Teacher activity)
Teacher summarizes the lesson taught and give students room to ask question on areas
not understood
(Student activity)
Student answers question posed by the teacher
Step-4 Evaluation
Teacher evaluates students by asking the question;
1. Define digitalization of Data
2. Give two benefits of Digitalizing Data
3. List and explain the components of a computer system.
Step-5 Summary
(Teacher activity)
A complete summary of what has been taught thus far is given and assignment is also given
LESSON NOTE
DIGITIZATION OF DATA
Digitalization is the process of converting information into digital format. This information
may represent an object, image, sound, document or a signal (usually an analog signal)
organized into a discrete set of its points or samples. This is the binary data that computers
and many devices with computing capacity (such as digital camera and digital hearing aids)
can process.
Digitalization can also be defined as the integration of digital technologies into everyday life.
Digital system uses a binary numeric system in which electronic pulses are represented by
either 0 for a Low pulse or 1 for a High pulse. Digital can more easily represent symbols such
as alphanumeric characters that represent real-world data than the analog system.
Benefits of digitalization
1. Long term preservation of documents
2. Orderly archiving of documents
3. Easy and customized access to information
4. Easy information dissemination through images and text, CD-ROM, Internet, Intranet and
extranets.
Types of digital computer
1. Microcomputers
2. Minicomputers
3. Mainframe computers
4. Supercomputers
The technology of different information age
The ages are:
1. Stone age
2. Iron age
3. Middle age
4. Industrial age
5. Electronic age
Information age Tools used Purpose Period Examples of
tools in that
age
Stone age Stone Sewing, cutting, Below 12th Basalt,
counting, century sandstone,
defence, flint etc.
transaction,
storage, pottery
exhibitions
Iron age Iron Defence, Agric 12th century Hoes and
cutlass
Middle age Writing Knowledge 12th and 13th Pen feather etc
materials transfer, century
education
Industrial age Coals Power Late 18th and Cars, Ships etc
development, early 19th
faster century
movement
Electronic age Computer Timeliness Late 19th Circuit,
Storage century and Processor
above
Evaluation
1. State the different information ages.
2. State the tools used in each age.
Early counting devices
1. Fingers and Toes
2. Stone
3. Sticks
4. Pebbles
5. Cowries
In the early days of man’s existence on earth, counting and simple arithmetic were performed
using different parts of the body and some other counting aids. The following are devices
used by people of ancient times.
Fingers and toes:
In ancient times, calculations were done by the use of fingers and toes. Fingers were used for
simple addition and toes were used together with fingers to count up to twenty. The following
problems were faced using fingers and toes to count:
1. They could not be used conveniently to count numbers more than twenty.
2. The result obtained from counting with fingers could not be easily remembered.
Stones and pebbles:
Stones were introduced for counting because of the limitations of counting with fingers and
toes. Counting with stones involves building a pile of stones where each represents a
quantity. The following were problems faced using stones as counting devices:
1. Large numbers of stones were too heavy to carry from one place to another.
2. It was cumbersome to count if the counting process involved large numbers.
Grains:
The use of grains was introduced because of the heaviness of stones. Grains can be kernel,
beans, rice, corn etc. Grains were used the same way as stones.
Sticks:
These are small pieces of wood that are used for counting in place of stones and grains.
Children in nursery and primary schools use match sticks for counting.
Marks on the wall: This involves the use of sharp objects in drawing a line on the wall for
counting. Continuous marks on walls will make a wall dirty.
Disadvantages of early counting devices
1. They are difficult to carry about.
2. Counting and calculation take a lot of time.
3. They are prone to mistakes.
4. They cannot be used to count or calculate large numbers.
5. Their results cannot be easily remembered.
6. They have no storage facilities.
General evaluation
1. Mention types of computer according to sizes.
2. Which of the size is used for the weather forecast?
3. Another name for mainframe computer is ……
4. List any two examples of minicomputers.
5. Mention the four categories of computers.
Weekend assignment
1. The ancient man began counting by using …… A. fingers B. slide rule C. abacus D. none
2. The following are examples of early counting methods except …… A. calculator B.
pebbles C. grains D. none
3. In using fingers and toes, you can only count up to ……. A. 20 B. 40 C. 50 D. 100
4. The following can be used for counting in the ancient times except for….. A. fingers B.
computer C. stones D. none
5. The stages of development of the computer machine are known as…….. A. computer age
B. computer history C. computer generation D. all Theory
1. Mention any THREE early counting devices.
2. List any TWO disadvantages of early counting devices. In our next class, we will be
talking more about the Digitalization of Data.
LESSON PLAN: HISTORY OF COMPUTER & COMPUTING
Duration 45mins
Subject: Information and Communication Technology (I.C.T)
Class: SS1
Gender: mixed
Topic: History of Computer & Computing
Objectives: at the end of the lesson the students should be able to;
1. Identify concrete devices in computing
2. List and Explain the generations of the computer.
References: Information gotten from the internet.
Presentation
Revision:
Teacher revises the previous lesson and asks students questions.
Step-1 Introduction:
(Teacher activity)
Introduction (Illustration, Discussion) Teacher tells the students the day’s topic and writes it
on the chalkboard.
(Student’s activity): The student participate by answering questions thrown by the teacher.
Step-2 Development (Explanation)
(Teacher activity)
Teacher explains the history of computing and list the various concrete devices in computing
and the features of the generations of computers.
(Student activity)
The student participate by listening attentively
Step-3 Summary (Questions)
(Teacher activity)
Teacher summarizes the lesson taught and give students room to ask question on areas not
understood.
(Student activity)
Student answers question posed by the teacher
Step-4 Evaluation
Teacher evaluates students by asking the question;
a. Identify he concrete devices in computing
b.Explain the generations of computers
Step-5 Summary
(Teacher activity)
A complete summary of what has been taught thus far is given and assignment is also given
LESSON NOTE
HISTORY OF COMPUTER AND COMPUTING
History of Computer
The development of the first counting device has been dated to ancient times, a man called
abacus used a counting device about 3000 years ago and from this time and man has
continued to improve. Ancient methods of counting were through the use of fingers, stones,
sticks and grains. The history of computer science began long before the modern discipline of
computer science that emerged in the 20th century and hinted at in the centuries prior. The
progression, from mechanical inventions and mathematical theories towards the modern
computer concepts and machines, formed a major academic field and the basis of a massive
worldwide industry.
The earliest known tool for use in computation was the abacus, developed in period 2700–
2300 BCE in summer. The Sumerians’ abacus consisted of a table of successive columns
which delimited the successive orders of magnitude of their sexagesimal number system. Its
original style of usage was by lines drawn in sand with pebbles. Abaci of more modern
design are still used as calculation tools today.
Charles Babbage is described as the ‘Father of Computer’. Charles Babbage, an English
mechanical engineer and polymath, originated the concept of a programmable computer.
Considered the “father of the computer”, he conceptualized and invented the first mechanical
computer in the early 19th century. After working on his revolutionary difference engine,
designed to aid in navigational calculations, in 1833 he realized that much more general
design, an Analytical Engine, was possible. The input of programs and data was to be
provided to the machine via punched cards, a method being used at the time to direct
mechanical looms such as the Jacquard loom. For output, the machine would have a printer, a
curve plotter and a bell. The machine would also be able to punch numbers onto cards to be
read in later. The Engine incorporated an arithmetic logic unit, control flow in the form of
conditional branching and loops, and integrated memory, making it the first design for a
general-purpose computer that could be described in modern terms as Turing-complete.
Early mechanical counting/calculating devices
1. Abacus
2. Slide rule
Early electro-mechanical counting devices
1. John Napier bone
2. Blaize Pascal machine
3. Gottfried Leibnitz machine
4. Joseph Jacquard Loom
5. Charles Babbage analytical machine
Early electronic counting devices
1. Herman Hollerith punch card
2. John Von Neumann machine
Mechanical devices
Abacus: It is the earliest form of a computing system and was produced by the Chinese in the
early age. It is made up of a frame, iron and beads in between them. They are used for
counting and calculating. Also functions in adding and subtracting.
Abacus counting device
Slide rule: This is used for performing operation which involves multiplication and division.
Electro-mechanical devices
1. Pascal’s calculating machine: Blaise Pascal invented a hand-operated calculator. This
was operated by turning dials. The first mechanical calculating machine was invented in
1642, by Blaize Pascal, a French mathematician. Numbers were entered by dialling a series
of numbered wheels in this machine. A sequence of wheels transferred the movements to a
dial, which showed the result. Though addition and subtraction were performed the normal
way, the device could perform division by repeated subtraction and multiplication by
repeated addition.
Pascal’s calculating machine
2. Charles Babbage: He was credited for the invention of modern computer and he was also
called the Father of Computer. The machines he invented are called the “difference machine”
and the ‘Analyte machine’. In 1930, he used these machines to solve mathematical equations.
Charles Babbage Analyte machine Pascal’s calculating machine General evaluation.
Charles Babbage Analyte machine
3. Napier’s bone: The need for a better calculating device was felt as time passed. John
Napier, a Scottish mathematician, invented a set of eleven rods, with four sides each which
was used as a multiplication tool. These rods were made from bones and this was the reason
why they were called Napier Bones. The rods had numbers marked in such a way that, by
placing them side by side, products and quotients of large numbers can be obtained.
4. Leibnitz calculating machine: Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibnitz invented a computer that
was built in 1694. It could add and after changing some things around, it could multiply.
Leibnitz invented a special stepped gear mechanism for introducing the added digits and this
is still being used.
5. Jacquard’s loom: Jacquard’s loom was one of the first machines that were run by a
program. Joseph Jacquard changed the weaving industry by creating a loom that controlled
the raising of the thread through punched cards. Jacquard’s loom used lines of holes on a card
to represent the weaving pattern.
6. Punched card: during the years 1920 and 1930, the punched card system developed
steadily. A standard card was divided into 80 columns and 12 rows. Only one character could
be represented in the 80 columns, thus providing a maximum of 80 characters per card.
Punching one, two or three holes in any one column represented a character. Holes were
punched into a blank card by a punch machine whose keyboard resembled that of a
typewriter.
Electronic device
1. Herman Hollerith punch card
2. John Von Neumann machine
Assignment
1. Who is the “father of computer”?
2. List and explain the various mechanical and electronic devices you know?
3. What are the limitations of first-generation computers?
1. Explain types of early counting devices.
2. How does Abacus and Napier’s function?
LESSON PLAN
Duration 45mins
Subject: Information and communication technology
Class: SS1
Gender: mixed
Topic: Classifications of Computers
Objectives: at the end of the lesson the students should be able to;
1. List the classification of computers by
a. Size
b. Types
c. Functionalities
2. State the characteristics of each classification.
3. List and Explain the generations of the computer.
References: Information gotten from the internet.
Presentation
Revision:
Teacher revises the previous lesson “History of computing & computers.
Step-1 Introduction:
(Teacher activity)
Introduction (Illustration, Discussion) Teacher tells the students the day’s topic and writes it
on the chalkboard.
(Student’s activity): The student participate by answering questions thrown by the teacher.
Step-2 Presentation
(Teacher activity)
Teacher draws a chart on the classification of computer on the board.
(Student activity)
The student participate by listening attentively
Step-3 Development
(Teacher activity)
Teacher explains the various classification of computers, listing their characteristics
(Student activity)
Student answers question posed by the teacher
Step-4 Evaluation
Teacher summarizes the topic and give student room to ask questions.
a. List the various classification of computers
b.State the characteristics of each classification of computers.
Step-5 Summary
(Teacher activity)
A complete summary of what has been taught thus far is given and assignment is also given
LESSON NOTE
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS
Computers can be classified by types into THREE major types.
They are:
1. Digital computer
2. Analogue computer
3. Hybrid computer
• Analogue computer: This type of computer is used to measure and process continuous data
such as speed, temperature, heartbeat etc. Examples are speedometer, thermometer etc.
Analogue computers work with a range of values continuously. This results in the data
produced only be approximates. Analogue computers are best used for measuring things such
as speed, temperature, voltage and time. Some World War II bombs had small analogue
computers attached in order to gauge when they should be released or detonated.
• Digital computer: This is the most common type of computer today. It measures physical
quantities by counting. Examples are calculator, digital wristwatches, digital fuel dispenser
etc. Digital computers, not surprisingly, deal with digital data. This makes them a lot more
accurate than analogue computers. They utilize a binary number system, a system with only
two numbers, 0 and 1. The standard computers we use today are classed as digital computers.
• Hybrid computer: This type of computer combines the features of digital and analogue
computers together. Hybrid computers are a mixture of both analogue and digital. They are
very rare as they can be expensive and complicated to produce. Although the majority of
tasks are performed by a digital computer, there is certainly still a lot of value in both
analogue and hybrid computers when it comes to more specialized tasks. Evaluation
1. List the classification of computers according to type
2. Explain the difference between the classifications of computer according to type. By
functionality Classification of computer according to purpose can be grouped into two (2),
namely:
1. General-purpose computers
2. Special purpose computers
• General-purpose computers: These are computers designed solely to solve a vast variety
of problems e.g it can be used for Word processing and at the same time used for graphics,
database, spreadsheet etc.
• Special purpose computers: These are computers designed solely to solve a restricted
class of problem e.g computer for medical diagnosis, weapon guidance, traffic control,
weather study and forecast etc.
General evaluation
1. What is the difference between general-purpose computers and special purpose computers?
2. Explain the following: digital, analogue and hybrid computers.
3. Give any two examples of the general-purpose computer.
4. Mention the classification of the computer by purpose.
By size
Computers can be generally categorized into four, namely:
1. Supercomputers
2. Mainframe computers
3. Minicomputers
4. Microcomputers
Supercomputer: These are the largest, fastest and most expensive computers. The cost is
several millions of dollars and the speed is between 600 million to 900 million instructions
per second (MIP). Another name for supercomputer is a MONSTER. Scientists in weather
forecasting, exploration make use of supercomputers. It can also be used for complex
calculations e.g. CRAY, X-MP etc. Mainframe computer:
A mainframe computer is a large computer in terms of price, size of internal memory and
speed. It has a variety of peripheral devices such as printers, plotters etc. more than those
found with small computers, except small computers with a large amount of external storage.
Mainframe computers usually need a specialized environment to operate, with dust,
temperature and humidity carefully controlled.
They are used in large establishments e.g. banks, airports etc. Examples of Mainframe
computers are IBM 360/370, NCR-V 8800.
LESSON PLAN: Basic Programming Language
Duration: 45mins
Class: SS1
Subject: Information and communication technology
Gender: mixed
Topic: Basic programming language
Objectives: at the end of the lesson the students should be able to;
i. Understand what basic programming language is;
ii. Know the different character set of the basic programming language
iii. Know the statements of the basic programming language
References: Information gotten from the internet.
Presentations
Revision:
Teacher revises the previous lesson “History of computing & computers.
Step-1 Introduction:
(Teacher activity)
Introduction (Illustration, Discussion) Teacher tells the students the day’s topic and writes it
on the chalkboard.
(Student’s activity): The student participate by answering questions thrown by the teacher.
Step-2 Presentation
(Teacher activity)
Teacher goes on to explain some basic programming concept
(Student activity)
The student participate by listening attentively
Step-3 Development
(Teacher activity)
Teacher explains the various classification of computers, listing their characteristics
(Student activity)
Student answers question posed by the teacher
Step-4 Evaluation
Teacher evaluates the student by asking following questions.
a. What is basic programming language
b. State the different set of the programming language
c. What is the use of CLS, REM, LET, READ, INPUT, DATA, PRINT, END CLS
Step-5 Summary
(Teacher activity)
A complete summary of what has been taught thus far is given and assignment is also given
LESSON NOTE
BASIC PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
BASIC is an acronym for “Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Codes. ” it was a
language designed to teach beginners the construct and theory of programming language. It
was developed by two students during their academic years in Dartmouth College, USA
under the direction of professors John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz. Versions of BASIC
1. Q BASIC (Quick BASIC)
2. GW-BASIC
3. BASIC (Visual BASIC)
BASIC Character Set
A character denotes any letter, digit, punctuation symbols or any other sign used in the
representation of information in any language. BASIC has the following character set:
1. Alphabetic: A, B, C, …, Y, Z.
2. Numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, …, 9
• Special Characters: ^, *, /, -, +, ( ), , %, !, &, ?, etc.
BASIC Statements
In BASIC, programs are written in lines and each line starts with a line number which is a
label of that particular line. Each of the lines is called a STATEMENT.
The line number can vary between 1 and 9999. The computer carries out (executes)
statements in the order in which they are numbered.
Below are common BASIC keywords that are used to form a BASIC program.
1. CLS
2. REM
3. LET
4. READ
5. INPUT
6. DATA
7. PRINT
8. END CLS (Clear Screen): It helps to clear the screen. Every BASIC program must begin
with CLS to avoid getting an unexpected display on the screen.
Example: 10 CLS
20 …
30 …
REM (Remark)
It helps to make remarks or comments which make the program more readable. Any BASIC
statement that begins with REM is not executed.
Example: 10 REM “This program will calculate the average of two numbers”.
20 … 30 …
LET:
It helps to assign a value of an expression to a variable.
Example:
10 LET A = 10
20 LET B = “OGUN”
30 LET C = B^2
40 LET D = B + C – 5
The above program is the same as:
10 A =10
20 B = “OGUN”
30 C = B^2 40
D=B+C–5
Note that the use of LET is optional in BASIC.
READ Statement:
It works hand in hand with a DATA statement. The READ statement reads/takes values from
the DATA statement and assigns them to the variable after READ.
Example:
10 READ A, B, C
20 DATA 20, 30, “Chelsea”
.
.
.
40 PRINT A, B, C
50 END
Note that the READ statement is used instead of an INPUT statement when a large amount of
data is involved. INPUT and READ statements cannot be used at the same time in a
particular program.
INPUT:
It allows a value, numeric or string characters to be typed into the computer via the keyboard
and stored in the memory of the computer at the specified data name.
Example:
10 CLS
20 INPUT A
DATA Statement:
It is used with the READ statement to hold constants to be read during program execution.
DATA statements are non-executable and can be placed anywhere in a program.
The items in the DATA statements are first to last and are assigned in order to the variables
found in the READ statement.
PRINT Statement:
It is an output statement that allows a literal to be specified to be printed on.
PRINT “Learning programming is fun”. (This line will print “Learning programming is fun”
on the monitor and returns the cursor to the next line).
END Statement:
This indicates the end of a BASIC program. It is compulsory otherwise the program will have
no end. Example:
10 PRINT
20 END
LESSON PLAN: Operating System
Duration: 45mins
Class: SS1
Subject: Information and communication technology
Gender: mixed
Topic: Operating system
Objectives: at the end of the lesson the students should be able to;
References: Information gotten from the internet.
Presentation
Revision:
Teacher revises the previous lesson “History of computing & computers.
Step-1 Introduction:
(Teacher activity)
Introduction (Illustration, Discussion) Teacher tells the students the day’s topic and writes it
on the chalkboard.
(Student’s activity): The student participate by answering questions thrown by the teacher.
Step-2 Presentation
(Teacher activity)
Teacher goes on to explain some Operating system concept
(Student activity)
The student participate by listening attentively
Step-3 Development
(Teacher activity)
Teacher explains the various classification of computers, listing their characteristics
(Student activity)
Student answers question posed by the teacher
Step-4 Evaluation
(Teacher activity)
Teacher evaluates the student by asking the following questions.
a. What is an operating system
b. List the object of an operating system
c. What is the following;
i. Single user operating system
ii. Multi-user operating system
iii. Multi-tasking operating system
iv. Distributed operating system
v. Batch processing operating system
vi. Real-time operating system
vii. Command based OS
viii. Network operating system
ix. GUI
(Student activity)
Student respond to questions thrown by teacher.
Step-5 Summary
(Teacher activity)
A complete summary of what has been taught thus far is given and assignment is also given.
LESSON NOTE
OPERATING SYSTEM
An operating system, or “OS”, is software that communicates with the hardware and allows
other programs to run. An operating system is a software that manages the computer
hardware and provides common services for execution of various application software
operating system acts as an intermediary between application programs and the computer
hardware. An operating system is a program that after being loaded into the computer by a
boot program, manages all the other programs in a computer. Objects of the operating system
1. Convenience: makes computer user friendly.
2. Efficiency: allows the computer to use resources efficiently.
3. Ability to evolve: Constructed in a way to permit effective development, testing and
introduction of new functions without interfering with service.
Single-user operating system: A single user operating system is an operating system that is
designed to manage the computer resource and allocates them to one user.
Examples are MS-DOS, Some versions of windows operating system etc. Multi-user
operating system: It is an operating system that allows access by multiple users of a
computer. This operating system allows more than one user to run several programs at the
same time. The process of running more than one program concurrently or at the same time is
known as multiprogramming. Examples are UNIX, XENIX etc. Multi-tasking operating
system: This type of OS, many application may be simultaneously loaded and used in the
memory. While the processor handles only one application at a particular time, it is capable
of switching between the applications effectively to apparently execute each application.
Examples are all windows operating system.
Distributed operating system: In a distributed system, software and data may be distributed
around the system, programs and files may be stored on different storage devices which are
located in different geographical locations and may be accessed from different computer
terminals.
Batch processing operating system: In a batch process operating system, the interaction
between the user and processor is limited or there is no interaction at all during the execution
of work. Data and programs that need to be processed are bundled and collected as a “batch”
and executed together. Batch processing operating systems are ideal in a situation where:
1. There are large amounts of data to be processed.
2. Similar processing is involved when executing the data.
Real-time operating system:
A real-time OS process inputs simultaneously, fast enough to affect the next input or process.
It is used to control complex systems that require a lot of processing like machinery and
industrial systems.
Dos:
It is operating system software used in most computers that provides the abstraction and
management of secondary storage devices and the information on them.
GUI (Graphical User Interface):
Operating systems of this class have interactive features which make them user friendly,
easier to use, etc. examples are Ms Windows, Linus etc.
Network operating system:
Network operating systems link computers and users together to share resources and
communicate with one another. Common examples include Windows NT, Windows server
2003 etc.
In summary, an operating system can be categorized into two, namely:
1. Command based operating system.
2. Graphical user interface (GUI)
Each of the types of the operating system either falls under the command-based operating
system or Graphical user interface (GUI).
General evaluation
1. List the types of the operating system.
2. What is an operating system?
3. Differentiate between a command-based operating system and GUI
4. What do you understand by batch processing operating system?
5. State the objectives of OS. Reading assignment HIIT (a) School Data processing for senior
secondary Education.
LESSON PLAN: ICT Application in everyday life
Duration: 45mins
Class: SS1
Subject: Information and Communication technology
Gender: mixed
Topic: ICT Application in everyday life
Objectives: at the end of the lesson the students should be able to;
1. Explain the ICT Application in different sectors
2. Give the disadvantages of ICT.
References: Information gotten from the internet.
Presentation
Revision:
Teacher revises the previous lesson “Classification of computers” to arouse students learning
mode.
Step-1 Introduction:
(Teacher activity)
Introduction (Illustration, Discussion) Teacher tells the student the day’s topic and writes it
on the chalkboard.
(Student’s activity): The student participate by answering questions thrown by the teacher.
Step-2 Development
(Teacher activity)
Teacher explains the ICT application in different sectors and give advantages and
disadvantages of ICT application in the society.
(Student activity)
The student participate by listening attentively
Step-3 Summary
(Teacher activity)
Teacher summarizes the lesson and gives students room to ask questions.
(Student activity)
Student answers question posed by the teacher
Step-4 Evaluation
Teacher asks students the following questions
1. List the various classification of computers
2. Give the disadvantages of ICT
Step-5 Summary
(Teacher activity)
A complete summary of what has been taught thus far is given and assignment is also given.
CHALKBOARD SUMMARY
ICT APPLICATION IN EVERYDAY LIFE
ICT has turned this world to a global village. Apart from communication, that is, reaching
people both far and near; it has also made the work easier and better. Better productivity,
salaries, health care and even farming and education.
Sectors where ICT has played a major role
1. Education
2. Banking
3. Industry
4. Commerce Education.
ICT is applied in the education sector in the following ways:
1. Research for teaching materials, online conference etc.
2. ICT or computers are used as a reference tool.
3. ICT or computer is used by the researchers to collect and process data.
4. Computers are used as administrative tools.
5. ICT offers interactive learning.
Banking sector:
1. Banks use computers to control the entire banking system.
2. On-line transactions by customers are possible 24 hours.
3. Accessing company account by businessmen On-line.
4. Supervision of banking activities by bank administrators.
Industry:
1. Computers are used to facilitate the production planning and control system.
2. Automation in the production of goods.
3. Researchers use computers to analyse and collect data for future reference.
4. Computers are used by administrators to oversee the entire operations in the factory.
Commerce:
1. ICT makes buying and selling easier.
2. Computers are used by customers to connect On-line with Suppliers.
3. Computers are used to keep a record of the transaction.
4. ICT is applied as a means of communication between customers and producers. Impact of
ICT on society.
1. Faster communication speed.
2. Lower communication cost.
3. Reliable mode of communication.
4. Effective sharing of information.
5. Borderless communication.
Negative effects of ICT
1. Insecurity of data
2. Fraud
3. Unemployment
4. Virus threat
5. Cost of setting up ICT gadgets Evaluation
General evaluation
1. Explain the relevance of ICT in the music industry.
2. What do you understand by saying “ICT has turned the whole world to a Global village”?
3. List any five negative sides of ICT.
4. Mention areas where ICT has played a key role.
